0000 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:10,000 YoubetCash.net Agen Judi Online Aman & Terpercaya 000 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:15,000 Bonus Cashback Bola 6% Bonus Rollingan 0,80% 00 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:20,000 Welcome Bonus Rp 25.000 Extra Bonus Tambahan Withdraw Rp 2.000.000 0 00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:25,000 CashBack Mix Parlay 100% Bonus Ajak teman 45,2% 1 00:00:27,292 --> 00:00:29,292 - ♪♪ 2 00:00:44,250 --> 00:00:46,250 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 3 00:01:22,501 --> 00:01:24,626 ♪♪ 4 00:01:50,501 --> 00:01:52,960 {\an8}speaking French 5 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:46,959 Sanamadougou and Sahou are two of the 6 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:50,209 villages whom have been experiencing the 7 00:02:50,209 --> 00:02:54,374 difficulties that come from having their lands seized. 8 00:02:54,375 --> 00:02:58,500 In 2009, Modibo Keiïta, a Malian tycoon, began expanding his 9 00:02:58,501 --> 00:03:00,501 agribusiness into the region. 10 00:03:06,334 --> 00:03:08,543 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 11 00:04:12,918 --> 00:04:14,836 {\an8}speaking French 12 00:05:17,042 --> 00:05:18,833 {\an8}people talking 13 00:05:18,834 --> 00:05:20,834 {\an8}child crying 14 00:05:33,918 --> 00:05:36,710 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 15 00:06:37,709 --> 00:06:39,834 {\an8}speaking French 16 00:07:14,459 --> 00:07:17,501 While dozens of international corporations are establishing 17 00:07:17,501 --> 00:07:20,543 a foothold in the region, powerful figures from within the 18 00:07:20,544 --> 00:07:23,541 country run agribusiness projects heavily financed 19 00:07:23,542 --> 00:07:24,999 from abroad. 20 00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:28,833 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 21 00:07:28,834 --> 00:07:30,750 Foreign investors can avoid 22 00:07:30,751 --> 00:07:34,418 public scrutiny by operating behind the scenes of a local 23 00:07:34,419 --> 00:07:38,043 entrepreneur like Modibo Keiïta, owner of Moulin Moderne de Mali 24 00:07:38,044 --> 00:07:41,876 and its subsidiary, Grand Distributeur Céréalier du Mali. 25 00:07:46,083 --> 00:07:48,458 {\an8}speaking French 26 00:08:21,375 --> 00:08:23,709 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 27 00:08:26,834 --> 00:08:29,917 {\an8}woman singing 28 00:08:40,083 --> 00:08:42,333 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 29 00:09:02,959 --> 00:09:05,958 {\an8}bleating 30 00:09:05,959 --> 00:09:08,333 {\an8}people talking 31 00:09:08,334 --> 00:09:10,751 {\an8}men singing 32 00:09:30,167 --> 00:09:32,334 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 33 00:11:39,209 --> 00:11:42,127 {\an8}speaking French 34 00:12:24,125 --> 00:12:27,500 {\an8}people talking 35 00:12:34,834 --> 00:12:36,834 {\an8}speaking French 36 00:12:59,751 --> 00:13:02,377 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 37 00:14:34,501 --> 00:14:36,835 {\an8}speaking in French 38 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,501 {\an8}hubbub 39 00:15:13,834 --> 00:15:15,834 {\an8}protest in foreign language 40 00:15:22,709 --> 00:15:24,709 {\an8}man speaking French 41 00:15:53,918 --> 00:15:56,127 {\an8}man speaking French 42 00:16:46,501 --> 00:16:48,460 ♪♪ 43 00:17:15,834 --> 00:17:18,422 Mali has been hit by droughts and food 44 00:17:18,442 --> 00:17:21,583 shortages numerous times over the last decade. 45 00:17:21,584 --> 00:17:25,460 The villages of Sanamadougou and Sahou, given their location in 46 00:17:25,461 --> 00:17:29,335 the most fertile region of Mali, once produced enough food that 47 00:17:29,336 --> 00:17:33,168 they were regularly donating their surplus to famine relief. 48 00:17:33,169 --> 00:17:37,001 But, after the seizure of their farmland, they no longer produce 49 00:17:37,002 --> 00:17:39,000 even enough food for themselves. 50 00:17:43,792 --> 00:17:45,834 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 51 00:18:13,834 --> 00:18:15,833 {\an8}indistinct conversations 52 00:18:15,834 --> 00:18:17,834 {\an8}drumming 53 00:18:20,751 --> 00:18:24,252 In the face of aggressive land grabs, in 2011, 54 00:18:24,667 --> 00:18:26,418 the National Coordination of the 55 00:18:26,419 --> 00:18:28,126 Peasants' Organizations of Mali 56 00:18:28,127 --> 00:18:30,724 and Via Campesina, the global farmers 57 00:18:30,744 --> 00:18:33,500 coalition, held a conference to develop 58 00:18:33,501 --> 00:18:36,918 strategies for smallholder farmers to keep and regain their 59 00:18:36,919 --> 00:18:40,544 land. Those gathered made a firm commitment to organize together, 60 00:18:40,545 --> 00:18:44,043 by forming cooperatives to acquire land for their members, 61 00:18:44,044 --> 00:18:47,668 developing tools and resources for them to have access to 62 00:18:47,669 --> 00:18:49,418 similar contracts that are being 63 00:18:49,419 --> 00:18:51,126 granted to the large investors, 64 00:18:51,127 --> 00:18:53,865 as well as providing legal support to 65 00:18:53,885 --> 00:18:56,500 those members whose land rights are 66 00:18:56,501 --> 00:18:58,208 being threatened. 67 00:18:58,209 --> 00:18:59,876 {\an8}hubbub 68 00:19:07,125 --> 00:19:11,334 In March 2012, the government set up a commission in response 69 00:19:11,334 --> 00:19:13,458 to the farmers' movement. 70 00:19:13,459 --> 00:19:17,626 However, with the coups d'état later that year, the commission 71 00:19:17,626 --> 00:19:21,833 dissolved. Ironically, the coup d'état has scared away many of 72 00:19:21,834 --> 00:19:24,877 the investors, massively slowing down the 73 00:19:24,897 --> 00:19:27,958 land grabs in the Office du Niger region. 74 00:19:27,959 --> 00:19:31,958 Even so, given the access to fresh water and irrigation 75 00:19:31,959 --> 00:19:34,846 system, Mali remains one of the primary 76 00:19:34,866 --> 00:19:37,917 destinations for land grabbing worldwide. 77 00:19:37,918 --> 00:19:39,918 ♪♪ 78 00:19:46,334 --> 00:19:48,833 Subsistence farming has fed 79 00:19:48,834 --> 00:19:51,500 the world for millennia. 80 00:19:51,501 --> 00:19:54,203 Down through the ages, growers have 81 00:19:54,223 --> 00:19:57,625 transferred their seeds and their knowledge. 82 00:19:57,626 --> 00:20:01,277 But in one short century, agriculture has 83 00:20:01,297 --> 00:20:04,791 gone from a way of life for millions of 84 00:20:04,792 --> 00:20:08,250 small-scale farmers to a global industry 85 00:20:08,270 --> 00:20:11,834 dominated by a dozen agribusiness giants. 86 00:20:11,834 --> 00:20:15,231 Today, governments and corporations buy 87 00:20:15,251 --> 00:20:18,666 up farmland at home and abroad for food 88 00:20:18,667 --> 00:20:21,784 production or for profit, leaving 89 00:20:21,804 --> 00:20:25,126 farmers without land or livelihood. 90 00:20:27,334 --> 00:20:29,833 Advocates claim that industrial 91 00:20:29,834 --> 00:20:32,458 farming will solve the food 92 00:20:32,459 --> 00:20:36,918 crisis. Yet it is creating new problems for us all. 93 00:20:46,876 --> 00:20:50,229 While 70% of all land grabs today occur in 94 00:20:50,249 --> 00:20:53,541 sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin 95 00:20:53,542 --> 00:20:56,576 America, and Central and East Asia are 96 00:20:56,596 --> 00:21:00,041 quickly becoming hot spots for agricultural 97 00:21:00,042 --> 00:21:02,291 land acquisitions. 98 00:21:02,292 --> 00:21:05,043 A key factor in massive land grabs is the 99 00:21:05,063 --> 00:21:07,834 multitude of bilateral and regional trade 100 00:21:07,835 --> 00:21:10,671 agreements, often overseen by international 101 00:21:10,691 --> 00:21:13,418 bodies like the World Trade Organization. 102 00:21:13,419 --> 00:21:17,001 The potential profits drive corporations, both foreign and 103 00:21:17,002 --> 00:21:20,792 national, to acquire as much land as possible to benefit from 104 00:21:20,793 --> 00:21:24,584 these duty and quota-free export agreements. 105 00:21:40,250 --> 00:21:42,834 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 106 00:21:44,834 --> 00:21:48,001 {\an8}woman speaking in French 107 00:23:06,209 --> 00:23:09,626 Foreign companies are subject to land quotas, but teaming up with 108 00:23:09,627 --> 00:23:12,876 powerful local figures gives them access to much larger 109 00:23:12,877 --> 00:23:14,876 tracts of land. 110 00:23:16,876 --> 00:23:19,942 The Mitr Pohl Group from Thailand owns 111 00:23:19,962 --> 00:23:23,124 70% of the Koh Kong Plantation Company. 112 00:23:23,125 --> 00:23:27,292 The other 30% is held by Taiwanese firm We Wong Corp. 113 00:23:27,292 --> 00:23:31,459 Powerful Cambodian businessman and ruling party senator, 114 00:23:31,459 --> 00:23:35,583 Ly Young Phat, is the director of the Koh Kong Plantation 115 00:23:35,584 --> 00:23:39,751 Company. Locals refer to the company by the senator's name: 116 00:23:39,751 --> 00:23:41,751 Ly Young Phat. 117 00:23:50,209 --> 00:23:52,168 {\an8}speaking Khmer 118 00:24:39,250 --> 00:24:41,584 {\an8}speaking Khmer 119 00:25:42,709 --> 00:25:45,210 {\an8}people talking 120 00:25:50,501 --> 00:25:52,460 {\an8}speaking Khmer 121 00:26:57,959 --> 00:27:02,082 Before The Khmer Rouge came to power in 1975, people owned 122 00:27:02,083 --> 00:27:05,388 their own land. The Khmer Rouge destroyed 123 00:27:05,408 --> 00:27:08,417 all paperwork, including land titles. 124 00:27:08,417 --> 00:27:12,542 In 2001, a new land law allowed people to register land they had 125 00:27:12,543 --> 00:27:16,666 been living on for more than 5 years. But most farmers-- 126 00:27:16,667 --> 00:27:20,791 being uninformed, illiterate, and poor--did not register, 127 00:27:20,792 --> 00:27:24,834 so on paper their land belongs to the state. 128 00:27:36,501 --> 00:27:39,460 {\an8}speaking Khmer 129 00:28:22,751 --> 00:28:25,834 {\an8}speaking Khmer 130 00:29:14,667 --> 00:29:16,667 {\an8}speaking Khmer 131 00:30:33,292 --> 00:30:35,168 {\an8}rooster crowing 132 00:30:37,209 --> 00:30:39,835 {\an8}speaking Khmer 133 00:32:22,501 --> 00:32:24,501 {\an8}speaking Khmer 134 00:32:56,542 --> 00:32:58,584 {\an8}speaking Khmer 135 00:33:40,125 --> 00:33:42,751 {\an8}speaking Khmer 136 00:33:42,751 --> 00:33:44,751 {\an8}woman laughing 137 00:34:32,709 --> 00:34:34,460 {\an8}speaking Khmer 138 00:36:12,292 --> 00:36:15,709 {\an8}speaking French 139 00:38:37,292 --> 00:38:39,959 {\an8}speaking Khmer 140 00:40:13,334 --> 00:40:17,001 Resistance to land grabs and trade agreements continues to 141 00:40:17,002 --> 00:40:18,876 grow throughout the country. 142 00:40:18,876 --> 00:40:21,872 The people on the ground are backed by the 143 00:40:21,892 --> 00:40:24,625 Clean Sugar campaign, an international 144 00:40:24,626 --> 00:40:27,647 boycott pressuring the companies to provide 145 00:40:27,667 --> 00:40:30,293 restitution to displaced land owners. 146 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:42,584 The surge in land grabs in recent years can be traced to 147 00:40:42,584 --> 00:40:46,001 speculation in food markets, as well as droughts and floods 148 00:40:46,002 --> 00:40:47,833 around the world. 149 00:40:47,834 --> 00:40:52,541 In 2008 with the global economic crisis, food prices skyrocketed. 150 00:40:52,542 --> 00:40:57,249 250 million more people were pushed over the brink, swelling 151 00:40:57,250 --> 00:41:00,617 the total of hungry people to over one 152 00:41:00,637 --> 00:41:04,459 billion. A global food crisis was declared. 153 00:41:04,459 --> 00:41:06,126 {\an8}child crying 154 00:41:08,751 --> 00:41:10,705 At the same time, banks and other 155 00:41:10,725 --> 00:41:12,293 investors were in trouble. 156 00:41:12,294 --> 00:41:15,834 Seeking more stable investments, they began to take control of 157 00:41:15,835 --> 00:41:19,501 the entire supply chain, from the land where food is grown, 158 00:41:19,502 --> 00:41:21,293 to its production and sale. 159 00:41:21,294 --> 00:41:23,833 {\an8}dog barking 160 00:41:23,834 --> 00:41:25,833 And, to ensure their own food 161 00:41:25,834 --> 00:41:27,833 security, wealthy nations 162 00:41:27,834 --> 00:41:31,752 acquired large tracts of land throughout the global South. 163 00:41:31,753 --> 00:41:35,500 This drove up the value of farmland. 164 00:41:35,501 --> 00:41:38,668 Far from the fields, food commodity prices are set 165 00:41:38,669 --> 00:41:40,910 in financial centres at agricultural 166 00:41:40,930 --> 00:41:43,376 commodity market exchanges, such as the 167 00:41:43,377 --> 00:41:46,500 one in Chicago, the largest in North America. 168 00:41:46,501 --> 00:41:48,833 {\an8}honking 169 00:41:48,834 --> 00:41:52,166 {\an8}siren 170 00:41:52,167 --> 00:41:54,043 {\an8}hubbub 171 00:42:00,334 --> 00:42:03,486 - There already is quite a bit of speculation 172 00:42:03,506 --> 00:42:06,126 in place for the agriculture markets, 173 00:42:06,501 --> 00:42:10,252 but what we want is for the, you know... 174 00:42:10,667 --> 00:42:13,571 If supply is short and prices are 175 00:42:13,591 --> 00:42:16,082 high, we want that signal to 176 00:42:16,083 --> 00:42:19,706 go to investment, to increase investment 177 00:42:19,726 --> 00:42:23,458 around the world, so that we can increase 178 00:42:23,459 --> 00:42:26,999 production in developing countries. 179 00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:30,918 Certainly, if you see the price of raw agriculture commodities 180 00:42:30,918 --> 00:42:34,836 go up, the value of the land that those commodities are grown 181 00:42:34,837 --> 00:42:38,833 on are going to increase as well. And I think that's what 182 00:42:38,834 --> 00:42:42,833 we've seen over the last 5 years or so. Just the value of the 183 00:42:42,834 --> 00:42:46,833 production has increased, so the value of that farm ground has 184 00:42:46,834 --> 00:42:50,013 increased to represent that greater 185 00:42:50,033 --> 00:42:52,876 value of what's being produced. 186 00:42:52,876 --> 00:42:58,625 We see great opportunity in Africa. There's a lot of good 187 00:42:58,626 --> 00:43:03,418 farm ground in Africa that could be more efficiently produced. 188 00:43:15,000 --> 00:43:17,000 {\an8}hubbub 189 00:43:19,792 --> 00:43:23,166 - Under pressure from the World Bank and the 190 00:43:23,167 --> 00:43:25,434 International Fund for Agricultural 191 00:43:25,454 --> 00:43:28,376 Development, the Uganda government looked for 192 00:43:28,377 --> 00:43:30,042 projects that would help it 193 00:43:30,043 --> 00:43:31,833 qualify for loans. 194 00:43:31,834 --> 00:43:35,311 One such project is a partnership with 195 00:43:35,331 --> 00:43:38,917 Kenya's BIDCO, the largest private seed 196 00:43:38,918 --> 00:43:43,833 company in Africa. The aim is to increase production of vegetable 197 00:43:43,834 --> 00:43:48,126 oil, through the use of palm oil for domestic use and export. 198 00:44:53,042 --> 00:44:55,541 {\an8}people talking 199 00:44:55,542 --> 00:44:57,667 {\an8}bleating 200 00:46:42,417 --> 00:46:45,918 {\an8}hubbub 201 00:46:55,000 --> 00:46:57,042 {\an8}birds singing 202 00:47:13,959 --> 00:47:16,501 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 203 00:50:58,501 --> 00:51:00,460 {\an8}chainsaw buzzing 204 00:51:09,667 --> 00:51:12,168 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 205 00:51:16,834 --> 00:51:21,791 While the majority of farmers are customary land owners, 206 00:51:21,792 --> 00:51:26,583 a minority do hold land titles, most of whom accepted BIDCO's 207 00:51:26,584 --> 00:51:31,374 offer of partnership and became oil palm "outgrowers." 208 00:51:31,375 --> 00:51:35,126 However, "outgrowers" must cover the cost of seeds, fertilizer 209 00:51:35,127 --> 00:51:38,084 and labour. To assist them, the government 210 00:51:38,119 --> 00:51:40,833 obtained loans from the United Nations 211 00:51:40,834 --> 00:51:44,793 International Fund for Agricultural Development. 212 00:51:57,000 --> 00:51:59,000 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 213 00:53:19,918 --> 00:53:22,001 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 214 00:53:26,334 --> 00:53:29,293 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 215 00:54:36,501 --> 00:54:39,501 {\an8}speaking English with accent 216 00:55:09,292 --> 00:55:11,292 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 217 00:55:37,417 --> 00:55:38,833 {\an8}laughing 218 00:55:38,834 --> 00:55:40,376 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 219 00:57:19,834 --> 00:57:21,834 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 220 00:58:47,834 --> 00:58:49,834 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 221 01:03:04,375 --> 01:03:06,542 {\an8}crows cawing 222 01:03:10,250 --> 01:03:13,121 One of the partners on the project is 223 01:03:13,141 --> 01:03:16,791 Singaporean company WILMAR, the world's largest 224 01:03:16,792 --> 01:03:20,917 producer of biodiesel. In 2012, Newsweek magazine ranked WILMAR 225 01:03:20,918 --> 01:03:25,333 as the least green company in the world, coming in at the 500 226 01:03:25,334 --> 01:03:29,626 slot largely due to the massive amount of deforestation the 227 01:03:29,626 --> 01:03:33,835 company partakes in for the planting of palm oil. 228 01:04:42,751 --> 01:04:44,834 ♪♪ 229 01:05:12,626 --> 01:05:14,460 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 230 01:06:11,250 --> 01:06:15,709 Large quantities of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and 231 01:06:15,709 --> 01:06:19,958 fertilizers are applied during the process of planting oil 232 01:06:19,959 --> 01:06:24,543 palm. These agrochemicals are produced and 233 01:06:24,584 --> 01:06:28,833 sold by agricultural GMO giant Monsanto. 234 01:06:28,834 --> 01:06:30,834 {\an8}chainsaw buzzing 235 01:06:53,834 --> 01:06:55,834 ♪♪ 236 01:07:15,375 --> 01:07:18,834 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 237 01:08:00,042 --> 01:08:02,125 {\an8}women chattering and laughing 238 01:08:08,834 --> 01:08:12,311 Fish has always been the primary source of 239 01:08:12,331 --> 01:08:15,583 protein for the residents of Kalangala. 240 01:08:15,584 --> 01:08:20,833 Three years ago the price of a Tilapia fish on the island was 241 01:08:20,834 --> 01:08:24,571 35 cents US. Today the same fish costs 242 01:08:24,591 --> 01:08:28,251 a $1.50 US, more than 4 times higher. 243 01:08:30,250 --> 01:08:33,542 The reason for this dramatic increase is twofold. 244 01:08:33,543 --> 01:08:36,832 With reduced access to the land, many former farmers have become 245 01:08:36,833 --> 01:08:39,357 fishermen, leading to overexploitation 246 01:08:39,377 --> 01:08:41,790 of fish for local and global markets 247 01:08:41,791 --> 01:08:44,355 resulting in diminished quantities. Then 248 01:08:44,375 --> 01:08:46,707 there is the water pollution that is 249 01:08:46,708 --> 01:08:49,008 suspected to come from the thousands of 250 01:08:49,028 --> 01:08:51,581 tonnes of chemicals used in planting of the 251 01:08:51,582 --> 01:08:53,582 oil palm. 252 01:09:21,499 --> 01:09:22,957 {\an8}song in foreign language 253 01:09:22,958 --> 01:09:24,624 {\an8}hubbub 254 01:09:45,749 --> 01:09:47,749 ♪♪ 255 01:09:54,499 --> 01:09:57,833 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 256 01:10:56,833 --> 01:10:58,457 {\an8}speaking in foreign language 257 01:11:16,833 --> 01:11:20,832 Food Sovereignty is people having the right to define their 258 01:11:20,833 --> 01:11:24,915 own food systems. It puts those who produce, distribute and 259 01:11:24,916 --> 01:11:28,998 consume food at the centre of decision making, not the market 260 01:11:28,999 --> 01:11:33,123 forces that dominate the global food system. 261 01:11:33,124 --> 01:11:36,288 But governments and investors don't bear 262 01:11:36,308 --> 01:11:39,415 all the responsibility. Everyone in the 263 01:11:39,416 --> 01:11:43,623 global North is unwittingly involved. Pension funds and 264 01:11:43,624 --> 01:11:46,708 development institutions channel massive 265 01:11:46,728 --> 01:11:49,832 amounts of money into land acquisitions. 266 01:11:49,833 --> 01:11:52,788 Today's industrial food system has not only 267 01:11:52,808 --> 01:11:55,581 created a global food crisis, it is also 268 01:11:55,582 --> 01:11:59,415 a leading cause of the climate crisis. 269 01:11:59,416 --> 01:12:03,748 Agrifood production pumps out nearly half the world's human- 270 01:12:03,749 --> 01:12:07,093 made greenhouse gas emissions, which gives 271 01:12:07,113 --> 01:12:10,164 us all even more reason to maintain an 272 01:12:10,165 --> 01:12:14,540 agriculture system that feeds the planet, not simply the 273 01:12:14,541 --> 01:12:16,707 speculative profits of a few. 274 01:12:16,709 --> 01:12:18,627 ♪♪