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♪ The music's playing ♪
♪ I've got to move on, to go out ♪
♪ No more delaying ♪
♪ Pack my things up, carefree ♪
♪ Adventures waitin' ♪
♪ I'm heading out, heading out to see the rest of the world ♪
♪ Yeah, yeah ♪
♪ So kick it up, stir it up alive will make you feel ♪
- Are we there yet, Dr. Fishbone?
- Patience, PeeWee, patience.
- Where are we going again?
- Today we're going to visit
some underwater creatures
that live in a colorful magic kingdom called Brazil.
- Brazil, what is that?
- Brazil is largest country
in both Latin and South America.
It's the world's fifth largest country
by both population and area.
And also, the largest with Portuguese
as its official language.
With an impressive coastline spanning over 4,600 miles,
Brazil contains a vast tropical rain forest
that's home to diverse wildlife
and myriad ecological systems.
This unique environment makes it one
of only 17 megadiverse countries in the world,
and the subject of many
global environmental protection interests.
- Sounds like a great place to find new creatures
for our beastie-o-pedia.
- It is indeed.
- Tell me more about Brazil, Doctor.
- Sure thing PeeWee.
Brazil's rich wildlife reflects its impressive variety
of natural habitats.
In fact, scientists have estimated that the total number
of Brazil's plant and animal life could top four million.
And its Amazon basin is home to an extremely diverse array
of fish species, including the red-bellied piranha,
which has a savage reputation,
but is in actually, a very timid scavenger.
- It's beautiful here, beautiful water,
and tons of different animal species everywhere you look.
- That there is!
Brazil boasts a seemingly endless roster of creatures
that call it home.
Creatures like the blue poison dart frog,
the toco toucan, the Pantanal jaguar,
the golden lion tamarin, and Lear's macaw,
are only a few whom we can spot on any given day here.
- What underwater beasties are we looking for, Dr. Fishbone?
- A stingray, PeeWee,
we're looking for a stingray.
- What does a stingray look like?
- Why the stingray is a cartilaginous fish
related to the shark.
It generally has one or more barbed stingers
which are mainly used for defense as opposed to attack,
but these stingers can reach 14 inches long
and contain venom, so they mean business.
And a rare few species of a stingray
do not have stingers at all.
Wait, I see on right over there.
One very interesting fact about the stingray
is the array of species in its family.
The stingray contains about 220 different known species.
And unfortunately, it's currently
on the endangered species list,
primarily as a result of unregulated fishing.
- Endangered?
Aw, I hate to hear that, Doctor.
But the fact that there are so many stingrays in existence
has to be a good thing, right?
- It's always good to see
a big number of animal species, PeeWee.
And despite their issues,
stingrays are not in danger of disappearing tomorrow.
They also have many ways of ensuring their survival
aside from their sheer numbers.
Stingrays flattened bodies allow them
to effectively hide themselves in their environments
by agitating the sand at the bottom of the water
and camouflaging themselves in it.
- Rad creature!
- You said it, kid, whatever that means, uh.
The stingray also cannot see its prey,
instead using smell and sensitive electroreceptors,
much like a shark, to hone in and attack their prey.
They mainly feed on mollusks, crustaceans,
and sometimes small fish.
Some stingrays have shell-crushing plates in their mouths
while others have only strong sucking mouth parts.
- Radical riptide rolls, that's news to me.
How do most stingrays usually catch their prey, Doctor?
- One common predatory technique
that's been observed amongst stingrays, PeeWee,
is their tendency to ambush.
They seek out suitable hiding spots,
such as sand or coral, algae or rocks,
that match its particular color patterns,
and then lie in wait for their prey to appear.
- Anchovy ambush, that's amazing.
Let's go look for the next animal, Dr. Fishbone.
What will it be?
- Ah, looking low, looking lower, and lower,
we're trying to spot a hermit crab.
- Look, is that what I think it is?
- Good sighting, PeeWee,
meet the somewhat reclusive hermit crab.
- Wowsa, what's the hermit crab
hiding from, Doctor?
Does he owe somebody money?
- No, he probably doesn't deal
with money, PeeWee.
The hermit crab is a decapod crustacean
that possesses an asymmetrical abdomen,
concealed in a scavenged gastropod shell
that it carries around.
- That's crazy, so the hermit crab steals shells
to hide in then moves around in them.
- That's right, PeeWee,
the hermit's soft abdomen is very vulnerable to predators.
And it uses a variety of commandeered shells
as shelter and shielding itself from attacks.
- So the hermit crab lives
its life in hiding, basically?
- In a sense, yes.
Most frequently, they use the shells
of sea snails in which to hide.
Although, some species use
hollow pieces of wood or even rock.
The tips of their abdomens are adapted
to clasp strongly to these shells
keeping the hermit crab safe and secure inside.
- Camouflage clambake,
do they ever emerge from their shells, Doctor?
How does the hermit eat?
- Well, as hermit crabs grow
they require larger and larger shells, PeeWee.
So yes, they do emerge if only to switch housing sometimes.
In the wild hermits eat a variety of food
from fallen fruit, to decaying wood,
to leaf litter, plants and grasses,
to items squashed up on shore.
Hermits are not fussy eaters,
and have even been observed eating poop, ugh.
- Gross, tell me more about the hermit crabs, Dr. Fishbone.
- Happy to, PeeWee.
Hermit crabs can survive anywhere from 12 to 20 years,
and grow as big as coconuts.
The shell-less hermit crab, also known as the coconut crab,
is world's largest terrestrial invertebrate.
- Plankton platitudes, is the hermit crab related
to the king crab, Doctor?
- Excellent question, PeeWee.
That's a fishbone of contention
among scientists and researchers who argue to this day
over whether the king and hermit crabs
should be classified in the same genus.
Some say yes and some say no.
- Rub my fish belly, that's mackerel madness.
The hermit crab is really interesting.
Whoa, look at that sea creature.
- Ah, yes, allow me to introduce
the sea urchin, lad.
- Tell me moray, Dr. Fishbone.
- The sea urchin is small spiny globular animal
that moves slowly, feeding mainly on algae.
Urchin is an old word for the hedgehog
which sea urchins actually resemble.
- Let's hear it for the urchin, hip, hip,
a hedgehog in the ocean?
Are they preyed upon frequently, Doctor?
- Oh, they have their predators
for sure, PeeWee.
Sea otter, starfish, triggerfish, wolf eels,
and others hunt the sea urchin,
making life tricky if they don't stay on guard.
The sea urchin typically grows to anywhere
from two to five inches.
Although the largest example of the species
has been recorded at 14 inches.
- That's a good bit of information
for our underwater beastie-o-pedia.
- Indeed.
- Whoa, look at the gnarly
sea creature, Dr. Fishbone.
- Ah, that's a lobster, kid.
- Totally amazing.
- They are!
Lobsters have long bodies with muscular tails
and live in crevices on the ocean floor.
Three of their five pairs of legs have claws.
And they're highly prized as seafood to humans,
commonly being one of the most profitable commodities
of the coastal areas that they populate.
- Sounds like a lobster's life is perilous, Doctor,
so many people want to catch and eat them.
What do they eat?
- Lobsters like to eat clams, mussels,
starfish, small fish, and sometimes even other lobsters.
Lobsters have teeth but not in their mouths,
in their stomachs.
Their food is chewed in their stomachs
between what appear to be three molars.
- Chew-tastic.
- Right, lobsters generally grow
anywhere from 10 to 20 inches long,
moving by crawling slowly along the sea floor.
However, when fleeing, they move rapidly backwards,
curling and uncurling their abdomen.
A speed of 11 miles per hour has been recorded.
- Whoa, has the lobster always been
a popular delicacy with people?
- Ah, in North America
the lobster didn't achieve popularity
until the mid-19th century when elite New Yorkers
and Bostonians developed a taste for it.
Commercial lobster fisheries only flourished
after the invention of the lobster smack,
a custom made boat designed to keep lobsters alive
in on-deck holding wells during transport.
Prior to this time,
lobsters were considered a mark of poverty,
or food for the poor, indentured servants,
or low class members of society.
How times have changed.
- Bourgeoisie blasphemy,
totally awesome sea creature facts.
- Another interesting factoid
about lobsters is that they live alone in crevices,
in rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms,
everywhere from the shoreline to the continental shelf.
- Wild and wooly seaweed, I never knew that.
Can lobsters see very well, Doctor?
- Because they live in murky environments
on the seafloor, lobsters use their antennae as sensors
which take precedence over their eyesight.
So their not great with optics,
but they compensate with superior senses.
- There are certainly a lot of interesting sea creatures
living in Brazil, Dr. Fishbone.
- There certainly are, PeeWee,
interesting sea creatures, indeed.
Ha, ha, but know you must get turbo fins on, PeeWee,
for it's time to move on
to our next destination, Saint Croix.
- Oh, yippee, I just can't wait to get there.
- Let's get going then, PeeWee,
great adventures in the sea are awaiting.
- Ahoy, the sights we're off to see
with Dr. Fishbone and his assistant PeeWee.
Together, they search the ocean deep
always looking for new fish to meet,
new species to find and catalog
for their beastie-o-pedia Ocean Guide.
- Think we'll ever complete our research, Dr. Fishbone?
- Probably not, PeeWee.
I've already cataloged over a million sea creature
and plant species, and I'm always discovering more.
It's a bit ocean out there.
- Are we there yet, Dr. Fishbone?
- You ask a lot of questions for a young fish,
you know that?
Just relax, I'll take you where you need to go
and tell you what you need to know, you follow?
- Uh, sure, man.
Where are we going again?
- Today we're going to visit some underwater creatures
that live in a sweet spot known as Saint Croix.
- Saint Croix, tell me about it.
- Patience PeeWee, Saint Croix is
one of the largest islands in the Caribbean Sea,
but its capital, Charlotte Amalie, is
actually located on Saint Thomas.
Saint Croix's nickname is Twin City
for the two towns that are found
on opposite ends of the island.
Weather wise, trade winds blow the length of Saint Croix
and the western hills receive considerably
more rainfall than the east
which is a dry desert terrain featuring cactus.
Meanwhile, the west is lush with trees and vegetation.
- Sounds like a great place to find new creatures
for our beastie-o-pedia.
- It is indeed.
- Tell me more about Saint Croix.
- I said patience, PeeWee.
Despite being an island,
Saint Croix has a decided lack
of fresh ground water, streams,
and rivers running through it.
So much so, that many residential homes and businesses
feature built-in cisterns to harvest rainwater.
- It's beautiful here.
What can you tell me about the underwater life
in Saint Croix, Doctor?
- Saint Croix is famous for its beautiful beaches
and magical underwater worlds.
Let's go explore.
- What underwater beasties are we looking for, Dr. Fishbone?
- Keep your wits about you PeeWee
because today we're seeking the notorious moray eel.
You heard it right, we're looking for a moray eel.
- Yeah, exciting!
What does a moray eel look like, Dr. Fishbone?
- The moray eel has two sets of jaws
and can weigh up to 66 pounds.
Most are nocturnal animals and some display blunt teeth
for crushing hard-shelled prey.
The green moray is actually brown,
and the long fin on their backs is
actually a fusion of three smaller ones.
Wait, I see one right over there!
One interesting fact about moray eels is
that they are often regarded as particularly vicious
or ill-tempered animals, but this is not necessarily true.
The truth is the moray eel would almost always
rather flee than fight.
This eel is shy and secretive,
and is known to attack humans only
in cases of mistaken identity or perceived self defense.
Most attacks stem from disturbing a moray's burrow,
an act which they do not take lightly.
- Geez, to moray's ever interact well with humans
or is it always a dicey proposition?
- Well, it can work out to everyone's liking
in certain situations, PeeWee.
For example, many dive companies use the activity
of their divers hand-feeding moray eels
as a means of attracting paying tourists.
But morays have poor vision and rely heavily
on their sense of smell to eat, making distinguishing
between held food and fingers difficult.
A number of unlucky divers have lost fingers
while attempting to hand-feed the moray.
It's hooked teeth and powerful bite
makes bites on humans particularly severe,
as the moray eel cannot release its grip,
even in death, and must be manually pried off.
- Yikes, what a fascinating creature.
- Oh, you can say that again, PeeWee.
And one of the moray's most ominous gestures
that strikes fear into the hearts of many who witness it,
the slow opening and closing of its intimidating jaws.
It's actually a function of necessity.
It breathes through its mouth,
and has to do that to survive.
- Blasting boat engines, that's news to me.
Do moray eels have very big bites, Doctor?
- There's an interesting answer
to that question, PeeWee.
Most moray's heads are too narrow to create
the low pressure that most fish use to swallow prey.
So the moray has another set of sharp teeth
set into its throat.
When feeding, they launch these jaws into their mouths
then retract the to help guide the food
through their throats and into their stomachs.
- Dynamic digestions, well,
let's go look of the next sea animal, Dr. Fishbone.
What will it be?
- I'll be you opened your presents
before Christmas morning, didn't you?
We're trying to spot brain coral.
- Look, is that it over there?
- Good sighting, my pupil.
That is indeed an example of brain coral.
- What in tarnation is brain coral, Doctor?
- Oh, I'm glad you asked.
Brain coral looks like a plant, but it's an animal.
It has a flattened egg-shaped figure
and can actually live for hundreds of years.
- Whoa, like a vampire?
- Well, in a sense, yes.
The brain coral doesn't get along well with other coral
and it's endangered.
They get most of their nutrition from floating invertebrates
and extend their long tentacles to catch food at night.
During the day these tentacles serve as protection
as the coral wraps them around the grooves in its surface.
This surfaces hard and offers protection
against both animals and hurricanes.
- Huh, the brain coral sounds pretty relaxed.
Is that true, Doctor?
- Actually, the brain coral is semi-aggressive.
It will commonly sting other corals
with its extended sweepers during the night,
just because they find themselves within its range.
- Well, I take it back then.
I guess they're pretty mean.
Does the brain coral have any predators to watch out for?
- It does, PeeWee.
The brain coral is preyed upon by gastropods,
and the parrot fish in particular.
- Anchovy action, tell me more
about brain coral, Dr. Fishbone.
- Will do, brain coral is found in shallow, warm-water reefs
in all of the planet's oceans.
And its colonies have been known
to grow six feet or more in height.
- Super fish fin, that's cool.
Why exactly is it called brain coral.
- The brain coral gets its name
on account of its spherical deep grooved shape.
It looks like a brain.
- Well, fish up my slack jaws.
Whoa, look at that thing.
- It's interesting looking, isn't it?
That's the fire coral.
- Me, oh, my, hit my fish brain
with more knowledge, Dr. Fishbone.
- Happily, my student.
Fire coral is actually a colonial marine organism
that displays characteristics similar to that of coral.
The name coral is somewhat misleading,
as the fire coral more closely resembles hydra
and other hydrozoans.
- Coral craziness, does all fire coral
look the same, Doctor?
- Pretty much, PeeWee.
Fire corals have bright yellow,
green, and brown skeletal coverings.
And are widely found in tropical waters,
appearing as brush-like groves on rocks and coral.
Divers often mistake fire coral for seaweed
and great pain usually ensues, hence the name.
- Ouch!
- Upon contact, intense pain is felt,
usually lasting anywhere from two days to two weeks.
- That's a good bit of information for our beastie-o-pedia.
What causes the pain, Doctor?
- Indeed, the pain of touching fire coral comes
from its tiny tentacles or sharp skeleton
that can painfully pierce and scrape the human skin.
- Ooh, look at that really
cool sea creature, Dr. Fishbone.
- Well, that's a lion fish, PeeWee.
- Totally gnarly.
- That they are.
Lion fish are native to the Indo-Pacific,
and characterized by their conspicuous warning coloration
with red, white, cream, or black bands,
showy pectoral fins, and spiky fin rays.
- Warning colors,
what are they warning about, Doctor?
- Lion fish are slow moving,
and very noticeable, so they rely on their unusual colors
to discourage would-be predators from eating them, PeeWee.
- Amazing.
- Currently, lion fish
populations are exploding.
And the recent invasion of these fish into the Caribbean
is considered to be the most serious threat
to coral reef ecosystems in modern times.
As a response, there have been numerous public campaigns
to encourage the hunting and consumption of the lion fish
as one basic means of controlling its exploding numbers.
Once it's stripped of its venomous spines,
the lion fish is generally regarded
as delectable seafood fare.
- Whoa.
- Lion fish are even more
visually interesting when they're young,
with wigglers and fleshy nubs
over their eyes and under their mouths.
And as for their natural habitat,
they've been visually confirmed
at depths of 1,000 feet in the Bahamas.
- Totally awesome sea creature facts!
- Lion fish are thought
to be nocturnal hunters, but one hole in this theory
is the discovery of lion fish with full bellies
during the day in the Atlantic Ocean.
- Amazing sea bubbles, I never knew that.
Lions are pretty big animals,
what about the size of the lion fish, Doctor, are they huge?
- Anything but, PeeWee.
Lion fish generally grow to anywhere
from one inch to 18 inches.
- There are certainly a lot of interesting sea creatures
living in Saint Croix, Dr. Fishbone.
- There certainly are, PeeWee,
interesting sea creatures, indeed.
But now you must get your turbo fins on, PeeWee,
for it's off to our next destination, Baja California.
- Yippee, I just can't wait to get there, Dr. Fishbone.
- Let's get going then, PeeWee,
great adventures in the sea are awaiting.
- Ahoy, fish mates, we're off to sea
with Dr. Fishbone and his assistant PeeWee.
Together, they search the ocean deep,
always looking for new fish to meet,
new species to find and catalog
for their beastie-o-pedia ocean guide.
- Think we'll ever complete our research, Dr. Fishbone?
- If we do, who will you nag all day and all night?
Eh, but we probably won't.
Lots to do, as they say PeeWee,
there's a lot of fish in the sea.
- Are we there yet, Dr. Fishbone?
- What's the matter kid, fishing line got your tail?
- No, I don't think so.
Where are we going again?
- Today, we're going to visit some underwater creatures
that live in a very special place called Baja California.
- Baja California, where's that?
- Baja California, is a Mexican state
on the Baja California peninsula,
bordering the U.S. state of California,
which is not the same thing.
With a landscape that spans mountains and beaches.
- Sounds like a great place to find new creatures
for our beastie-o-pedia.
- It is indeed.
- Tell me more about Baja California, Doctor.
- Okay, pay attention, here goes, PeeWee.
Baja California is the 12th largest state
in Mexico with rich geography ranging
from beaches to forests to deserts.
It has numerous islands scattered off both its shores
that are all hosts to Baja's rich and varied marine life.
- It's beautiful here, rippling blue waters,
sunny skies, fluffy clouds, happy faces.
- Baja California is famous for its beautiful beaches
and for its rich ocean life.
Let's go explore.
- What underwater beasties are we looking for, Dr. Fishbone?
- The rockfish, we're looking for a rockfish.
- Rock and roll,
what does a rockfish look like, Dr. Fishbone?
- The rockfish is a term applied
to several species of fish,
all named for their instinctive affinity
for hiding among the rocks on the seafloor.
They generally have a bass-like appearance
with jutting lower jaws, compressed bodies,
and big eyes and mouths.
Wait, I see one right over there.
- Hey, hey, rockfish, my friend.
- One very interesting fact about rockfish is
their excellent talent for hovering motionless in the water.
Some species of rockfish like to school,
while others are solitary and territorial.
- Wow, are they the solitary species,
always on the move, swimming from reef to reef?
- No, PeeWee, quite the opposite,
solitary rockfish tend to rest on the sea bottom
or in reefs.
And a rockfish span a wide swath of ocean.
They typically inhabit water anywhere
from 40-foot to 2,000-feet deep.
- What a cool creature.
- Indeed, PeeWee, the rockfish is one
of the most unique fish you can find in the sea.
Did you know some rockfish live
to be 100-years old or older?
- Starfish face claw, that's news to me.
What do rockfish eat, Doctor?
- Oh, they eat shrimp, fish, crabs,
squid, jellyfish, plankton, and algae,
all the hallmarks of a great natural seafood diet.
- Yum, let's go look for the next sea animal, Dr. Fishbone.
What will it be?
- Put on your x-ray goggles, oh,
we're trying to spot a jellyfish.
- Look, I think I see one now.
- Good sighting, PeeWee.
Allow me to introduce you to the famous jellyfish.
It's a soft-bodied, free-swimming aquatic animal
with a distinctive gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell
and trailing tentacles.
- Wow, what an interesting creature.
What's the purpose of that umbrella-shaped bell, Doctor?
- The bell can pulsate
to give the jellyfish propulsion and locomotion,
kind of like a built-in jellyfish turbo boost.
- Awesome, what habitats
do jellyfish enjoy, Doctor?
- Jellyfish are found in every ocean
from the surface to the deep sea.
Jellyfish have roamed the seas
for at least 500 million years and possibly 700 million,
making it the oldest multi-organ animal on the planet.
- Prehistoric prawn mania,
I had no idea jellyfish were so old.
- Old is an understatement, PeeWee.
Jellyfish have existed long before us,
or even the dinosaurs.
- Holy halibut, how long has
the species been called a jellyfish?
- The first recorded use
of the name jellyfish was in the year 1707.
- Fish sticks, tell me more
about the jellyfish, Dr. Fishbone.
- No problem, P.W., the largest jellyfish ever found
was a lion's mane jellyfish with a diameter
of seven feet six inches and 120-foot long tentacles.
- Radical rockfish, that's cool.
Jellyfish look so ghostly to me.
Are they solid animals?
- Interestingly, jellyfish are 95% water,
and if a jellyfish is cut in two,
it will regenerate as two jellyfish.
- Well, scratch my fish scales.
Whoa, look at that sea creature.
- I'm looking, PeeWee.
Oh, that's what we call a garibaldi.
- A garibaldi, hit my fish brain
with more knowledge, Dr. Fishbone.
- The garibaldi is species
of bright orange fish in the damselfish family.
They originate in the subtropical part of the Pacific Ocean.
And the male garibaldi aggressively defends
its nest after the female has laid her eggs.
- Marlin madness,
why are these fish called garibaldis, Doctor?
It's a little bit of an unusual name, you have to admit.
Sounds like a human Italian mobster
hiding out under the sea.
What, it's not right?
- No, PeeWee, it's not, but almost.
It's a reference to the Italian military figure,
Giuseppe Garibaldi, whose followers characteristically wore
scarlet shirts that resembled this fish's color.
Garibaldis feed mainly on invertebrates
which they remove from rocks.
Adult garibaldis create a home territory
where the male clears a nest space
for the female to lay her eggs.
The male guards the nest closely until the eggs hatch,
going so far as to attack any fish,
or even human, who swims too close to their nest.
- That's a good bit of information
for our underwater beastie-o-pedia.
- Indeed.
- Ooh, look at that really
cool sea creature, Dr. Fishbone.
- That's what we call a grouper, PeeWee.
- Boat bumping awesomeness.
- That it is, there are over 100 types of grouper,
and their body markings change
to camouflage them with their backgrounds.
Groupers are considered the best fish
to serve by seafood chefs
with its texture often being compared to a cloud.
- Wow, I bet the grouper isn't happy about that.
- Probably not, PeeWee.
And the grouper can live up to 50 years,
that's a long time to hold a grudge.
- Amazing.
- Right, and the grouper can get big too.
The Atlantic goliath grouper reaches eight feet in length
and up to 800 pounds.
- Whoa!
- The grouper is a slow swimmer
with about a body not made to swim fast,
nor for long distances.
- Totally gnarly sea creature factoids.
- Another interesting factoid about groupers is
that they are born and mature as females,
but have the ability to change into the opposite sex
after they reach sexual maturity.
- Floating flounder, I never knew that.
- Groupers also live in small groups
containing one male and three to 15 females.
If the male dies, the larger female will change sex
to take over the harem.
- Craziness, there are certainly a lot
of interesting sea creatures living
in Baja California, Dr. Fishbone.
- There certainly are, PeeWee,
interesting sea creature, indeed.
But now you must get your turbo fins on, PeeWee,
for its time to move on to our next destination,
the Galapagos Islands.
- Yippee, I just can't wait to get there, Doc.
- Well, let's get going then, PeeWee,
great adventures in the sea are awaiting.
- Ahoy, fish mates, we're off to sea
with Dr. Fishbone and his assistant PeeWee.
Together, they search the ocean deep,
always looking for new fish to meet,
new species to find and to catalog
for their beastie-o-pedia ocean guide.
- Think we'll ever compete our research, Dr. Fishbone?
- You just never know in our business, PeeWee.
I've already cataloged over a million
sea creature and plant species,
and I'm always discovering more.
As they say, there's a plankton of fish in the sea.
Plankton, get it, plankton.
- Are we there yet, Dr. Fishbone?
- Why, are your fins getting tired, youngster?
- Where are we going again?
- Today, we're going to visit some underwater creatures
that live in a paradise on Earth
called the Galapagos Islands.
- Galapagos Islands, what are they all about?
- The Galapagos Islands are a collection
of volcanic islands that are a part
of the Republic of Ecuador, consisting of 18 main islands,
three smaller islands, and 107 islands.
The principle language spoken there is Spanish,
and the population is just over 25,000.
The islands and their surrounding waters
form the Galapagos National Park,
the Galapagos Marine Reserve,
and the Galapagos Province of Ecuador.
- Sounds like a great place to find
new creatures for our beastie-o-pedia.
- It is indeed.
- Tell me more about the Galapagos Islands, Doctor.
- My pleasure, PeeWee.
As lyrical as Galapagos can be
the islands have been known for their volcanic activity
for a very long time.
Isabela Island, alone, contains six major volcanoes
with the most recent eruptions ranging from 1813 to 2008.
- Whoa.
- The neighboring islands
of Santiago and Fernandina last erupted
in 1906 and 2009, respectively.
Despite the flowing lava,
Galapagos is a host to a wide variety
of vegetation and animal life.
Some of the creatures that call the islands home
are the Galapagos land iguana,
the marine iguana, the sea cucumber,
the flightless cormorant, the blue-footed booby,
the waved albatross, the Galapagos penguin,
the Galapagos hawk, and many, many more.
- It's beautiful here, clear waters,
sea life bustling just beneath the clear crystal waves.
- Indeed, the Galapagos Islands are famous
for their beautiful beaches
and underwater coral reefs and coves.
Let's go explore.
- What underwater beasties
are we looking for, Dr. Fishbone?
- Today, we seek the dolphin, PeeWee.
We're looking for a dolphin.
- What does a dolphin look like, Doc?
- A dolphin has a sleek, streamlined body
with two limbs modified into flippers.
They have conical-shaped teeth
and well-developed hearing that can adapt
to both water and air.
Dolphins communicate with each other
through a series of distinctive clicks and whistles.
And they use blowholes atop their heads to breathe.
Wait, I see one, right over there.
One very interesting fact about the dolphin,
aside from their excellent hearing and eyesight,
is there their use of echolocation
to determine the exact location of objects in the sea.
- Echolocation, what's that?
- Echolocation is the location
of objects through the use of reflected sound.
Dolphins and bats, in particular,
are known to use this method.
- What an awesome impressive fish.
- Not a fish PeeWee, but a mammal,
and, ah, it is impressive, indeed.
Along with their clicks and whistles,
dolphins also use non-verbal means of communication
like touch and posturing.
- Algae-tastic, that's new to me.
Are dolphins very intelligent, Doctor?
- Yes, they are, PeeWee.
Dolphins are believed to be highly intelligent creatures
based on their activities, social ability, tasking,
and the playful attitude
which makes them popular with humans.
- Let's go look for the next sea animal, Dr. Fishbone.
Say, what'll it be?
- I looking high, looking low,
oh, we're trying to spot an orca.
- Oh, wow, just look at that magical creature.
- Good sighting, PeeWee.
Meet one of the most instantly
identifiable creatures in all the sea, the orca,
also known as the killer whale.
- Killer whale, they sound vicious.
- The name certainly does imply
a vicious streak, but the orca is actually
the largest member of the dolphin family, also a mammal.
- Get out, their related?
But dolphins are so cute and friendly,
and these guys they're a little intimidating.
- Well, the orca is a rare kind
of creature, PeeWee, in that it is an apex predator,
meaning it is at the top of its food chain,
and there is no animal that preys on it.
- So no one strong enough to prey on the orca?
No wonder it's called the killer whale,
now I'm really terrified.
- Ha, ha, ha, the orca is actually
very beautiful and awe inspiring
if you take the time to really look at one.
It has a diverse diet, some feeding exclusively on fish,
while others hunt marine life like seals and even dolphins.
Orcas are highly social creatures
with matrilineal family groups
that are considered the most stable
of any animal species in the world.
- So the orca has a tight-knit family unit,
they love their parents and their little ones?
- They do, PeeWee,
orcas have sophisticated vocal behaviors
and hunting techniques that often passed down
through generations of relatives,
like learning an old song from your grandpa.
- Traditional trout tricks, that's not so scary.
Tell me more about orcas, Doctor F.
- Orcas are found in all the world's oceans,
and most male orcas never leave their mothers.
- Momma's boys, that's cool.
Do orcas communicate with each other easily?
- Like the dolphin, they communicate
through a series of clicks, and whistles, and pulsed calls.
And each family has its own dialect of calls
that are passed down that only they use.
- Snare my snapper lip.
Whoa, look at that sea creature, it's huge.
- Ah, it's been a while.
PeeWee, I'd like you to meet the humpback whale,
another incredible mammal of the sea.
- Good golly Goliath,
hit my fish brain with more knowledge, Dr. Fishbone.
- Well, the humpback whale is huge,
ranging in length from 39 to 52 feet,
and weighing up to a whopping 79,000 pounds.
- WrestleMania, that's enormous.
What do humpbacks eat, everything in sight?
- No, PeeWee, humpback whales eat
mostly small fish and krill.
Granted, they can consume a lot of small fish.
The male humpback is famous for producing a complex song
that lasts between 10 and 20 minutes
which they'll repeat for hours at a time.
The exact purpose of this song isn't clear,
though it could have something to do with mating.
- Oh, look at that really
cool sea creature, Dr. Fishbone.
He looks wacky, wooly, and fun.
- I see it!
Oh, that's a sea lion, PeeWee.
- He looks more fun than a barrel of guppies.
- He probably is.
Sea lions are mammals characterized
by their distinctive fore-flappers,
external ear flaps, ability to walk on all fours,
short, thick hair, and that big chest and belly.
- Sounds like my uncle Pat.
- Maybe he is a sea lion.
They have an average lifespan of 20 to 30 years.
And the largest species is Stellar sea lions,
which weighs over 2,000 pounds
and can grow longer than 10 feet.
- Amazing.
- While sea lion attacks on humans are rare,
it's unadvisable to get too close
to this animal in the wild.
It can have a tendency to be territorial
or view small humans as toys, like rag dolls,
to be played with roughly.
- Whoa, frightful fish eggs, I'll keep my distance.
- Smart move, PeeWee.
Sea lions communicate in a variety of ways,
although scientists are still in the dark
as to what all of their sounds mean.
They travel in large colonies
with smaller subgroups within those colonies.
During a sea lion's lifetime,
it's not uncommon to move from subgroup to subgroup,
so sea lions in enjoy being a part of cliques.
- Uh, reminds me of fish school.
Totally awesome sea creature facts.
- Another interesting factoid
about the sea lion is that the northern Atlantic Ocean
is off-limits to them.
They can be found in every ocean in the world
except that one, and no one knows why they reject it.
- Goodness, I never knew that.
Are they a very popular animal?
- Indeed, PeeWee, the sea lion has been
a main focus of tourism in New Zealand
and Australia for a long time.
And they're sometimes called
the unofficial welcoming committee
of the Galapagos Islands.
- There are certainly a lot of interesting sea creatures
living in the Galapagos Islands, Dr. Fishbone.
- There certainly are, PeeWee,
interesting sea creatures, indeed.
But now you must get your turbo fins on, PeeWee,
for it's time to move on
to our next destination, California.
- Yowza, I just can't wait to get there, Doctor F.
- Ah, let's get going then, PeeWee,
great adventures in the sea are awaiting.
- Ahoy, fish mates, we're off to sea
with Dr. Fishbone and his assistant PeeWee.
Together, they search the ocean deep
always looking for new fish to meet,
new species to find and to catalog
for their beastie-o-pedia ocean guide.
- Let's go look for the next sea animal, Dr. Fishbone.
What will it be?
- It will be very handsy, I'm afraid.
We're trying to spot the octopus.
- Look, I think I see one now.
- Nice, PeeWee.
The octopus is one of the ocean's most
amazing creatures, bar none.
It's an all soft bodied, eight-armed mollusk
with two eyes, a beak,
and a mouth at the center point of its arms.
- What, are you describing an alien, Dr. Fishbone?
- Almost, the octopus can alter its body on a whim,
fitting through surprisingly narrow spaces when desired.
- Super shape shifter, tell me more about this octopus.
- I'd be delighted to, PeeWee.
The octopus trails its eight long arms
behind it as it swims.
People often mistakenly refer to these arms as tentacles,
but that's technically not the case.
These marvels have complex nervous systems, excellent sight,
and are among the ocean's most
behaviorally diverse creatures.
- The octopus sounds incredible.
What do they eat, Doctor?
- Good question, PeeWee.
Nearly all octopuses are predatory.
Bottom-dwelling ones eat worms, crustaceans,
and other mollusks like clams.
While open-ocean octopuses mainly eat prawns and fish.
It commonly rejects prey
such as moon snails and rock scallops
on account of they're being too affixed to the rocks to eat.
- Wow, what about their life expectancy?
How long do octopuses usually live, Doctor?
- And they have a relatively short life expectancy
with some species only living as long as six months.
Larger octopuses, like the giant Pacific octopus,
can live as long as five years.
Their lifespans are limited to their reproduction.
Male octopuses only live on a few months after mating,
while females die shortly after their eggs hatch.
- Bluefish bummer, so then octopuses,
I mean octopuses don't really get to know their parents?
- No, but it's not necessarily a sad thing, PeeWee.
It's just how their cycles of life work.
They don't know any other way,
so an octopus is perfectly happy without a mom or a dad.
- Crawling king crab, tell me more
about the octopus, Dr. Fishbone.
- Well, grab your fishnet, PeeWee,
'cause I'm dropping science.
The octopus can be found in every ocean.
And different species have adapted to different environments
from shallow tide pools, to coral reefs,
to pelagic waters, to seagrass beds, to cold open waters,
octopuses adapt to whatever habitat they find themselves in.
But no octopus has ever been known to live in fresh water.
- Eh, they say, stick to what you know.
That's cool, with so many legs,
does the octopus move very fast?
- Oh, it depends, PeeWee.
Octopuses mainly move by a slow crawling
or swimming in a head first position.
Jet propulsion or backwards swimming is
their quickest means of movement.
When in no hurry, they usually crawl with their arms,
and during crawling their heart rate doubles.
And octopuses commonly need 10 or 15 minutes
to recover from relatively minor exercise.
- Whoa, look at that sea creature.
- Ha, ha, unique, eh?
That's the seahorse.
- Dorsal dolphin dances,
hit my fish brain with more knowledge, Dr. Fishbone.
- A seahorse is a name given to 54 small marine fish
in the Hippocampus genus.
Hippocampus comes from the Greek word hippos,
meaning horse, and kampos meaning sea monster.
- Kraken-mania, horses are big animals,
are seahorses as big as land horses?
- No, PeeWee, not even close.
The seahorse commonly grows to anywhere
between a half inch and 14 inches,
so there's a big difference between the size
of the seahorse and the land horse.
One trait specific to the seahorse is
reproductive role reversal.
When mating, the female seahorse deposits her eggs
into the male's ventral pouch.
He carries these eggs for nine to 45 days
before giving birth to anywhere
between 100 to 1,000 baby seahorses.
- That's a good bit of information
for our underwater beastie-o-pedia.
- Indeed.
- Holy halibut, what fish-tastic factoids.
There are certainly a lot of interesting sea creatures
living in Acapulco, Dr. Fishbone.
- There certainly are PeeWee,
interesting sea creatures, indeed.
But now you must get your turbo fins on, PeeWee,
for it's time to move on to our next destination, Brazil.
- Woo hoo, I just can't wait to get there, Dr. Fishbone.
- Let's get going then, PeeWee,
great adventures in the sea are awaiting.
- Ahoy, fish mates, we're off to sea
with Dr. Fishbone and his assistant PeeWee.
Together, they search the ocean deep
always looking for new fish to meet,
new species to find and catalog
for their beastie-o-pedia ocean guide.
- Think we'll ever complete our research, Dr. Fishbone?
- Probably not, PeeWee.
I've already cataloged over a million sea creatures
and plant species, and I'm always discovering more.
As they say, PeeWee, there's a lot of fish in the sea.