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♪ I WAS JUST SITTING UP IN MY TREE ♪
♪ IN MY TREE, IN MY TREE ♪
♪ I SAW A BEAUTIFUL FACE WAS LOOKING UP AT ME ♪
♪ UP AT ME, UP AT ME ♪
♪ OH, SHE HAD A CUTE SMILE, SO I ASKED HER NAME ♪
♪ ASKED HER NAME, ASKED HER NAME ♪
♪ WHEN WE GOT TO TALKING, SAID SHE FELT THE SAME ♪
♪ THAT SHE FELT THE SAME, FELT THE SAME ♪
♪ OH, EVERY TIME I SEE HER, I DO MY THING ♪
♪ WELL, NOW SHE'S BY MY SIDE WHERE SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ UH, SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ IT'S WHERE SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ SHE'S COOKING US A CHICKEN WITH A JUG OF TEA ♪
♪ A JUG OF TEA ♪
- ♪ OH, YEAH ♪ - ♪ A JUG OF TEA ♪
♪ I'M THANKFUL FOR THE DAY SHE KNOCKED ONTO MY DOOR ♪
♪ I'M THANKFUL FOR THE DAY SHE KNOCKED ON MY DOOR ♪
♪ AND I NEVER THOUGHT I'D FALL FOR THE GIRL NEXT DOOR ♪
♪ AND EVERY TIME I SEE HER, I DO MY THING ♪
♪ EVERY TIME I SEE HER, I DO MY THING ♪
♪ AND EVERY TIME I SEE HER, I DO MY THING ♪
WHOO-HOO!
VROOM, VROOM!
GREETING, WINGED SCOUTS.
HEY, IT'S COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
HI, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
GUMDROP, VROOMER,
IT'S TIME FOR OUR ANNUAL TIME-HONORED
PLANES WITH BRAINS CONTEST
WHERE YOUNG PLANE TEAMS
COMPETE FOR THE CHANCE TO WIN
THE PRESTIGIOUS PLANES WITH BRAINS AWARD.
YOUR MISSION, GUMDROP AND VROOMER,
IS TO DISCOVER ALL ABOUT
THE MOST FASCINATING MACHINE OF ALL.
PLANES!
EXACTLY!
YOU WILL TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD
ACROSS TIME, SPACE, AND BEYOND.
YOU MUST KEEP YOUR LITTLE METAL NOSES POINTED AHEAD,
YOUR MOTORS HUMMING,
AND YOUR WINGS PERKED AT ALL TIMES.
WE DEPEND ON YOU TO DO THE BEST JOB POSSIBLE.
ARE YOU READY FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT?
WOW, MY LITTLE WINGS ARE FLUTTERING WITH THRILLS!
MY LITTLE MOTOR IS VROOM, VROOM!
VROOMING WITH EXCITEMENT!
PLANE SCOUTS READY
FOR OUR MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
THIS IS SURE TO BE A CHALLENGING MISSION, LITTLE ONES.
FLUFFY WHITE CLOUDS? I LOVE CHALLENGING MISSIONS.
BRILLIANT BLUE SKIES! ME TOO!
I'M SENDING YOU TWO ON A MISSION TO LEARN ABOUT
THE HISTORY OF PLANES.
THE HISTORY OF PLANES?
HOW COOL!
CAN'T WAIT!
IT'S UP TO YOU TO LEARN ALL ABOUT IT
AND REPORT BACK TO ME WITH WHAT YOU'VE DISCOVERED.
FLAPPING FUN WINGS!
THIS IS GOING TO BE AN INCREDIBLE ADVENTURE!
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE HISTORY OF PLANES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WELL, THE DESIRE TO CREATE A FLYING MACHINE
IS AS OLD AS HUMANKIND,
BUT IT WASN'T UNTIL 200 YEARS AGO
THAT THE TRUE CONCEPT OF AN AIRPLANE CAME TO BE.
WOW, I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE!
THE HISTORY OF AIRPLANES.
SOUNDS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING!
AS YOU KNOW, VROOMER AND GUMDROP,
TO WIN THE ANNUAL PLANES WITH BRAINS CONTEST,
YOU MUST FIND OUT AND LEARN
TONS OF AMAZING FACTS ABOUT AIRPLANES.
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
VROOM, VROOM!
WE WILL!
EXCELLENT.
YOU MUST ALSO KNOW THAT THERE IS A QUESTION
THAT ALL THE BRIGHTEST FLYING MINDS ALL OVER THE WORLD SKIES
HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF AIRPLANES.
WE NEED YOU TWO WINGED SCOUTS
TO HELP US ANSWER THE "WHO FLEW" QUESTION
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF AIRPLANES.
"WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
LOVE IT!
WHAT IS THE QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WHEN DID THE FIRST
AND LONGEST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FLIGHT TAKE PLACE?
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WE'LL LAND THE ANSWER IN A SPIN OF A PROPELLER,
I'M SURE.
I WILL ASSIGN YOU THE BEST WINGED SCOUT HELPER
IN THE WORLD.
HIS NAME IS WILLY WIDGET.
HE'S A ROBOTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AIRCRAFT KNOWLEDGE.
HE WILL ASSIST YOU ON YOUR MISSION.
WILLY WIDGET?
WE LOVE WILLY WIDGET.
BE SURE TO ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS, WINGED SCOUTS.
THE PRESTIGIOUS PLANES WITH BRAINS AWARD
IS UP FOR GRABS.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
WINGED SCOUTS!
READY TO GET STARTED ON YOUR NEXT ADVENTURE?
YES, SUPER READY.
TOTALLY READY.
REMEMBER, WINGED SCOUTS,
ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS YOU HAVE,
I'M HERE TO ANSWER THEM.
WHERE DO WE BEGIN?
BACK IN TIME MORE THAN 2,000 YEARS AGO IN GREECE.
YOU SEE, ANCIENT PEOPLE WERE INSPIRED
BY THE OBSERVATION OF BIRDS SOARING THROUGH THE SKY,
AND DESIGNED AIRCRAFTS THAT COPIED THE BEATING OF A BIRD'S WINGS.
THESE MACHINES ARE KNOWN AS ORNITHOPTERS.
WITH ORNITHOPTERS, THE FLAPPING WINGS
GENERATED BOTH LIFT AND PROPULSION.
ONE OF THE EARLIEST KNOWN EXAMPLES OF THIS TYPE OF MACHINE
IS THE WOODEN BIRD,
DESIGNED BY GREEK SCIENTIST,
PHILOSOPHER AND MATHEMATICIAN, ARCHYTAS OF TARENTUM
IN 400 B.C.
EVEN THOUGH SOME OF THESE ANCIENT MACHINES
TOOK OFF FOR A FEW SHORT FLIGHTS,
THEY REMAIN IMPRACTICAL.
WHOA!
TO TRACE THE BEGINNING OF THE HISTORY OF FLIGHT,
WE HAVE TO TRAVEL IN TIME
ALL THE WAY TO THE 16TH, 17TH,
AND 18TH CENTURIES.
LET'S TAKE A TOUR AROUND EUROPE
AND MEET SOME OF THE GREAT THINKERS
WHO PAVED THE WAY FOR THE EVOLUTION OF AIRPLANES.
YEAH!
IN ITALY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND ENGLAND,
MATHEMATICIANS, SCIENTISTS, AND INVENTORS
LIKE LEONARDO DA VINCI,
GALILEO GALILEI,
CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS AND ISAAC NEWTON
ALL CONTRIBUTED THE FIRST RESEARCH
INTO AERODYNAMICS.
WHAT'S AERODYNAMICS, WILLY WIDGET?
"AERO" MEANS AIR
AND "DYNAMICS" MEANS MOTION,
SO, AERODYNAMICS DEALS WITH THE DYNAMICS OF AIR
AS IT INTERACTS WITH SOLID OBJECTS,
LIKE AN AIRPLANE!
DID YOU KNOW YOU TWO GUYS EXPERIENCE AERODYNAMICS
EVERY TIME YOU FLY?
INCREDIBLE!
HIT MY PLANE BRAIN WITH MORE COOL FACTOIDS, WILLY WIDGET.
IT WASN'T UNTIL THE TURN OF THE 18TH CENTURY
WHEN AN ENGLISH BARONET NAMED GEORGE CAYLEY
TURNED FLYING THEORY INTO REALITY
BY BEING THE FIRST TO FOCUS HIS ATTENTION
ON FIXED-WING AIRCRAFTS
LIKE MODERN AIRPLANES
AS OPPOSED TO THE EARLIER AIRCRAFTS
WITH BEATING WINGS LIKE BIRDS'.
HE WAS A PIONEER OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
WHO, IN 1804, FLEW THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL FLYING GLIDER...
OR A NON-MOTOR-POWERED FLYING MACHINE... ON RECORD.
BLASTING ENGINES, THAT'S AMAZING.
IN 1853, GEORGE CAYLEY LAUNCHED AND FLEW THE FIRST GLIDER
EVER RECORDED TO CARRY A PERSON ONBOARD.
VERY INTERESTING.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, WILLY WIDGET?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, GUMDROP.
IN THE 1870S, OTTO LILIENTHAL,
A GERMAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER,
FOLLOWED IN CAYLEY'S FOOTSTEPS
AND LAUNCHED A SERIES OF VERY IMPORTANT STUDIES
ON WING DESIGN.
LILIENTHAL DESIGNED, BUILT AND FLEW
A NUMBER OF MONOPLANE AND BIPLANE GLIDERS,
ACCOMPLISHING AS MANY AS 2,000 FLIGHTS
BETWEEN 1890 AND 1896.
WHOA! FUN FACTOID.
BUT HOW WE DID WE GET FROM THOSE REALLY COOL GLIDERS
TO WINGED AIRPLANES WITH ENGINES LIKE US, WILLY WIDGET?
THAT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
LET'S TAKE A TRIP TO THE UNITED STATES
AND MEET THE WRIGHT BROTHERS.
WHOO-HOO!
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS, ORVILLE AND WILBUR
WERE TWO AMERICAN INVENTORS AND AVIATION PIONEERS
WHO BUILT AND FLEW THE WORLD'S FIRST SUCCESSFUL AIRPLANE.
THEIR LIFELONG DREAM CAME TRUE
WHEN ORVILLE TOOK TO THE SKY
IN THE FIRST EVER MOTOR-POWERED,
HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT
CALLED "THE FLYER" ON DECEMBER 17TH, 1903,
FOUR MILES SOUTH OF KITTY HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA.
WHAT WAS THE FLYER MADE OF, WILLY WIDGET?
THE FLYER WAS MADE USING A STRONG AND LIGHTWEIGHT WOOD
FROM THE GIANT SPRUCE TREE
AS THE MAIN CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL,
AND MUSLIN, A LIGHTWEIGHT COTTON CLOTH,
WAS USED FOR SURFACE COVERINGS.
EVEN THE FLYER'S PROPELLERS WERE MADE OF WOOD.
OH, WHOA, WILLY WIDGET.
FACTOID COOLER THAN RAIN CLOUDS
AFTER A SPRING SHOWER.
HOW WAS THE FLYER POWERED, WILLY WIDGET?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, VROOMER.
ORVILLE AND WILBUR HAD A GASOLINE ENGINE
FABRICATED IN THEIR BICYCLE SHOP JUST FOR THE FLYER.
THE ENGINE WAS FAIRLY SIMPLE IN CONSTRUCTION,
BUT IT PROVIDED EXACTLY THE POWER REQUIRED
TO PROPEL THEIR AIRCRAFT.
WHAT ABOUT STEERING AND PILOTING
THESE EARLY PLANES, WILLY WIDGET?
VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
I SEE YOU ARE PAYING ATTENTION.
DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY,
AIRCRAFTS HAD USED A STEERING GEAR FOR YAW CONTROL,
WHICH IS DIRECTING THE PLANE'S NOSE TO THE LEFT AND RIGHT.
CAYLEY WAS THE FIRST TO CREATE AN ELEVATOR
FOR CONTROL IN PITCH,
WHICH IS THE DIRECTING OF A PLANE'S NOSE UP OR DOWN.
IT WAS FINALLY THE WRIGHT BROTHERS
WHO DEVISED A SYSTEM THEY CALLED WING WARPING,
WHICH ALLOWED THE PILOT CONTROL
OVER THE MOVEMENT OF THE WINGS.
WERE THE WRIGHT BROTHERS THE ONLY ONES
WHO CREATED AIRCRAFTS AROUND THIS TIME?
THEY WERE THE FIRST TO SUCCESSFULLY FLY ONE,
BUT DEFINITELY NOT THE ONLY ONES TO DO SO.
LET'S TAKE A TOUR OF EUROPE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
AND WE'LL FIND AVIATORS LIKE BRAZILIAN-BORN ALBERTO SANTOS-DUMONT
WHO MADE THE FIRST PUBLIC FLIGHT IN EUROPE IN 1906.
AND THE FRENCHMAN HENRI FARMAN
WHO MADE HIS FIRST SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT AT FLIGHT
THE FOLLOWING YEAR IN 1907.
WHOA.
WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THAT, WILLY WIDGET?
AS WORLD WAR ONE APPROACHED,
THE GOVERNMENTS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES
FORESAW THE POTENTIAL OF WAR PLANES DURING WAR TIME.
AIRPLANE PRODUCTION AND IMPROVEMENTS IN AERODYNAMICS SURGED.
CONSTRUCTION OF AIRCRAFTS INCREASED,
ALONG WITH THE POWER OF THE AIRCRAFT'S MOTOR.
PLANES ALSO BECAME FASTER
AND CAPABLE OF FLYING HIGHER.
DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR,
AIRPLANE SPEEDS INCREASED TO 130 MILES PER HOUR
AND AERIAL BATTLES WERE TAKING PLACE
AT THE INCREDIBLE ALTITUDE OF 20,000 FEET.
WHOA!
TOOTING TURBINES, THAT'S INCREDIBLE!
AFTER THE WAR, THERE WERE A LOT OF AIRPLANES
WAITING FOR THEIR NEXT ASSIGNMENT.
MANY OF THEM WERE CONVERTED FOR COMMERCIAL USE.
EVEN THE U.S. POST OFFICE JUMPED ON BOARD
AND LAUNCHED ITS FIRST AIR MAIL IN 1918.
IMAGINE HOW FAST MAIL GOT DELIVERED NOW
WITH THE HELP OF COMMERCIAL PLANES.
SENDING MAIL BY PLANE
ALLOWED PARCELS TO GET FROM COAST TO COAST
22 HOURS SOONER.
WHOO-HOO!
YAY!
AVIATION'S IMPROVEMENTS CONTINUED IN EARNEST,
AND IN 1927, INVENTOR, WRITER,
AND AVIATOR CHARLES LINDBERGH
COMPLETED THE FIRST NONSTOP
CONTINENT-TO-CONTINENT FLIGHT EVER.
HE FLEW FROM NEW JERSEY TO PARIS
IN 33 HOURS ALL BY HIMSELF.
SUDDENLY, AMERICANS TOOK AN INTEREST IN AVIATION
LIKE NEVER BEFORE.
PASSENGER FLIGHT BECAME ALL THE RAGE
AND A LOT OF COMPANIES INVESTED INTO THE AVIATION INDUSTRY.
THE WORLD JUST BECAME SMALLER AND SMALLER
AS PEOPLE COULD TRAVEL FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT
IN JUST A FEW HOURS AS OPPOSED TO MONTHS.
COOL SKIES.
NOWADAYS, AVIATION HAS CREATED AMAZING OPPORTUNITIES
AROUND THE WORLD
FOR EVEN MORE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES.
WHEN DID THE FIRST AND LONGEST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FLIGHT
TAKE PLACE, WILLY WIDGET?
HA HA, YES!
THE RECORD GOES TO THE AMAZING GLOBAL HAWK,
DEVELOPED BY NASA.
IN 2001, THE GLOBAL HAWK WAS THE FIRST AIRPLANE
TO ACCOMPLISH THE LONGEST POINT-TO-POINT FLIGHT
BY AN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT EVER.
HEY, GUMDROP,
I THINK WE JUST FOUND OUT THE ANSWER
TO COMMANDER AIRHEAD'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION.
YOU'RE RIGHT, VROOMER.
THE RECORD GOES TO THE AMAZING GLOBAL HAWK
DEVELOPED BY NASA.
AH, CONGRATULATIONS ON FINDING THE ANSWER
TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION, WINGED SCOUTS.
COMMANDER AIRHEAD WILL BE PROUD OF YOU,
NO PISTONS ABOUT IT.
FANTASTIC WORK, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOUR MISSION WAS A GREAT SUCCESS.
YOU'RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO WINNING
THE PRESTIGIOUS PLANES WITH BRAINS AWARD.
VROOM, VROOM!
VRR... AWESOME!
SAY, WERE YOU ABLE TO FIND THE ANSWER TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WE SURE DID.
THE RECORD GOES TO THE AMAZING GLOBAL HAWK
DEVELOPED BY NASA!
THE FIRST AND LONGEST UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FLIGHT
WAS ACHIEVED BY THE GLOBAL HAWK IN 2001.
THAT'S GREAT!
GOOD JOB, WINGED SCOUTS.
WHAT'S OUR NEXT MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
YOUR NEXT MISSION IS GOING TO BE YOUR MOST INCREDIBLE YET.
WE WANT YOU TO LEARN ABOUT HOW PLANES FLY.
HOW PLANES FLY?
WOW!
COOL!
FOR ALL THE BUMPY FLIGHTS,
CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM! VROOM!
HOORAY!
GUMDROP, VROOMER,
AS WE KNOW, THERE ARE NO LIMITS TO WHAT WE CAN LEARN.
CONSIDERING YOU TWO DID SO WELL LAST TIME,
I HAVE ANOTHER ADVENTURE FOR YOU.
YOUR MISSION, GUMDROP AND VROOMER,
IS TO DISCOVER ALL ABOUT THE MOST FASCINATING MACHINES OF ALL.
PLANES!
EXACTLY!
YOU WILL TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD
ACROSS TIME, SPACE, AND BEYOND.
YOU MUST KEEP YOUR LITTLE METAL NOSES POINTED AHEAD,
YOUR MOTORS HUMMING,
AND YOUR WINGS PERKED AT ALL TIMES.
WE DEPEND ON YOU TO DO THE BEST JOB POSSIBLE.
ARE YOU READY FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT?
AS READY AS WE'LL EVER BE, COMMANDER.
WE WERE BORN READY.
PLANE SCOUTS READY FOR OUR MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
THIS IS SURE TO BE A CHALLENGING MISSION, LITTLE ONES.
IS THERE ANY OTHER KIND?
THE MORE CHALLENGING, THE BETTER!
GLAD TO HEAR IT
BECAUSE I'M SENDING YOU TWO
ON A MISSION TO LEARN HOW DO PLANES FLY?
COOL.
CAN'T WAIT!
IT'S UP TO YOU TO LEARN ALL ABOUT IT
AND REPORT BACK TO ME WITH WHAT YOU'VE DISCOVERED.
DEPART TO DISCOVERY.
LOOKING FORWARD TO NAVIGATING ALL THOSE FACTOIDS.
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT HOW PLANES FLY?
WHAT ARE THE MECHANICS OF FLIGHT, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WELL, A PLANE'S ENGINES ARE DESIGNED
TO MOVE IT FORWARD AT HIGH SPEED.
THAT MAKES AIR FLOW RAPIDLY OVER THE WINGS,
THROWING THE AIR DOWN TOWARD THE GROUND
AND GENERATING AN UPWARD FORCE CALLED LIFT
THAT OVERCOMES THE PLANE'S WEIGHT AND HOLDS IT IN THE SKY.
SO IT'S THE ENGINES THAT MOVE A PLANE FORWARD,
WHILE THE WINGS MOVE IT UPWARD.
WOW!
I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE!
HOW DO PLANES FLY?
SOUNDS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING!
AS YOU KNOW, VROOMER AND GUMDROP,
TO BE THE BEST RESEARCH PLANES YOU CAN BE,
YOU MUST FIND OUT AND LEARN
TONS OF AMAZING FACTS ABOUT AIRPLANES.
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
VROOM, VROOM!
WE WILL!
EXCELLENT.
YOU MUST ALSO KNOW THERE IS A QUESTION
THAT ALL THE BRIGHTEST FLYING MINDS
ALL OVER THE WORLD SKIES
HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER
ABOUT HOW PLANES FLY.
WE NEED YOU TWO WINGED SCOUTS
TO HELP US ANSWER THE "WHO FLEW" QUESTION
ABOUT HOW PLANES FLY.
"WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
LOVE IT.
WHAT IS THE QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WHAT IS THE FASTEST PASSENGER AIRCRAFT EVER BUILT,
AND WHAT ENGINE DOES IT USE?
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WE'LL LAND THE ANSWER IN A SPIN OF A PROPELLER.
I'M SURE.
I WILL ASSIGN YOU
THE BEST WINGED SCOUT HELPER IN THE WORLD.
HIS NAME IS WILLY WIDGET.
HE'S A ROBOTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AIRCRAFT KNOWLEDGE.
HE WILL ASSIST YOU ON YOUR MISSION.
AWESOME ANDROID.
WE ALWAYS LOVE FLYING WITH WILLY WIDGET.
BE SURE TO ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS, WINGED SCOUTS.
WILLY KNOWS IT ALL.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
WINGED SCOUTS!
READY TO GET STARTED ON YOUR NEXT ADVENTURE?
YES, SUPER READY.
TOTALLY READY!
REMEMBER, WINGED SCOUTS,
ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS YOU HAVE,
I'M HERE TO ANSWER THEM.
WHERE DO WE BEGIN?
ONCE UPON A TIME, THE TWO BROTHERS,
WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT,
MADE FOUR BRIEF FLIGHTS
WITH THEIR FIRST POWERED AIRCRAFT AT KITTY HAWK.
THE WRIGHT BROTHERS SUCCESSFULLY INVENTED THE FIRST AIRPLANE
TO FLY ON DECEMBER 17TH, 1903.
ORVILLE PILOTED THE GASOLINE-POWERED PROPELLER-DRIVEN BIPLANE,
WHICH STAYED IN THE AIR FOR 12 SECONDS
AND COVERED 120 FEET ON ITS FIRST FLIGHT.
WHOA.
TO TRACE THE FIRST FLIGHT OVER
AND LEARN MORE ABOUT THE MECHANICS OF FLYING,
WE NEED TO TRAVEL BACK IN TIME TO 1903
TO WITNESS THIS FIRST SUCCESSFUL FLIGHT TO EVER TAKE PLACE.
LET'S GO VISIT THE DESIGNERS OF THE MECHANICS
OF THE EARLY PLANES.
YEAH!
IN GERMANY, GERMAN ENGINEER, OTTO LILIENTHAL
STUDIED AERODYNAMICS
AND WORKED TO DESIGN A GLIDER THAT WOULD FLY.
HE WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO DESIGN A GLIDER
THAT COULD FLY A PERSON
AND WAS ABLE TO FLY LONG DISTANCES.
SAMUEL LANGLEY, AN ASTRONOMER,
REALIZED THAT POWER WAS NEEDED TO FLY.
HE BUILT A MODEL OF A PLANE,
WHICH HE CALLED AN AERODROME,
WHICH INCLUDED A STEAM-POWERED ENGINE.
IN 1891, HIS MODEL FLEW FOR THREE-FOURTHS OF A MILE
BEFORE RUNNING OUT OF FUEL.
WHAT'S A GLIDER, WILLY WIDGET?
A GLIDER IS A LIGHT AIRCRAFT
THAT IS DESIGNED TO FLY WITHOUT USING AN ENGINE.
SO, A GLIDER PERFORMS THE ACT OF GLIDING THROUGH THE AIR.
DO YOU KNOW THAT YOU TWO GUYS GLIDE
EVERY TIME YOU FLY?
INCREDIBLE!
HIT MY PLANE BRAIN WITH MORE COOL FACTOIDS.
IN 1903, THE WRIGHT BROTHERS DESIGNED THE FIRST AIRPLANE ENGINE
WHICH WAS A FOUR-CYCLE ENGINE CALLED THE WRIGHT FLYER.
BLASTING ENGINES, THAT'S AMAZING.
IN THE 1930S, HUNGARIAN ENGINEER GYORGY JENDRASSIK
DESIGNED THE JENDRASSIK CA-1,
THE FIRST FUNCTIONAL TURBOPROP ENGINE.
THE ENGINE WAS INTENDED FOR THE HUNGARIAN TWIN ENGINE
VARGA RMI-1 RECONNAISSANCE BOMBER.
VERY INTERESTING.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, WILLY?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, GUMDROP.
IN 1911, AFTER THE WRIGHT BROTHERS VISITED FRANCE,
ALESSANDRO ANZANI, AN ITALIAN LIVING IN FRANCE,
WAS INSPIRED TO START DESIGNING AIRPLANE ENGINES.
HE DESIGNED A SERIES OF THREE-CYLINDER ENGINES
THAT PRODUCED ANYWHERE FROM TEN TO 50 HORSEPOWER,
INCLUDING THE 25 HORSEPOWER ENGINE
THAT POWERED LOUIS BLERIOT'S XI AIRPLANE
ACROSS THE WHOLE ENGLISH CHANNEL IN 1909.
WHOA, FUN FACTOID!
SO, HOW DID WE GO FROM THESE SLOW PLANES
TO THE VERY FAST AIRPLANES WE HAVE TODAY?
THAT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
IN THE LATE 1920S IN FRANCE,
THE GNOME-RHONE MISTRAL MAJOR,
ALSO KNOWN AS THE 14K,
WAS A TWO-ROW RADIAL ENGINE
THAT WAS, FOR A TIME,
THE MOST POWERFUL ENGINE
ORDERED IN LARGE NUMBERS ON THE PLANET.
IT GAVE AN AMAZING OUTPUT,
SURPASSING THE OUTPUTS OF MOST OTHER EUROPEAN ENGINES.
WHOO-HOO!
MM, WHAT TYPES OF PLANES
WAS THE GNOME-RHONE 14K ENGINE USED FOR, WILLY WIDGET?
THE GNOME-RHONE 14K ENGINE WAS USED
IN MORE THAN A DOZEN DIFFERENT AIRPLANE TYPES,
AND WAS AVAILABLE IN A LARGE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT VARIANTS
ON THE CONTINENT AND BEYOND.
WHOA, WILLY,
FACTOID COOLER THAN RAIN CLOUDS
AFTER A SPRING SHOWER.
WHAT ENGINE TYPE WAS USED TO POWER
THE APOLLO 11 SPACESHIP, WILLY?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, VROOMER.
THE APOLLO 11 SPACESHIP IN 1969
COMPLETED THE FAMOUS LUNAR MISSION
AND WAS POWERED BY THE ROCKETDYNE F-1,
WHICH WAS DEVELOPED IN THE 1950S.
WHAT KIND OF ENGINE WAS THE ROCKETDYNE F-1, WILLY WIDGET?
VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
I SEE YOU ARE PAYING ATTENTION.
THE ROCKETDYNE F-1 WAS THE MOST POWERFUL
LIQUID FUEL PROPULSION SYSTEM EVER BUILT
AND PUT OUT 1.5 MILLION POUNDS OF THRUST.
FIVE F-1S WERE USED FOR EACH SATURN V ROCKET LAUNCH
WITH EACH ENGINE BURNING MORE THAN 400 GALLONS
OF LIQUID OXYGEN PER SECOND,
APPROXIMATELY 5,000 TIMES THE AMOUNT
OF A HIGH-POWERED JET ENGINE
USED ON COMMERCIAL AIRLINERS TODAY.
WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO MAKE AN AIRPLANE
GO 7,000 MILES PER HOUR?
ACCORDING TO NASA'S X-43 IN 2004,
THE ANSWER IS SUPERSONIC COMBUSTION RAM JET,
OR SCRAMJET,
TECHNOLOGY WHICH ALLOWS ULTRA HIGH-SPEED AIRCRAFT
TRAVELLING FASTER THAN MACH 4
TO GET THEIR OXYGEN STRAIGHT FROM THE ATMOSPHERE,
AS OPPOSED TO RELYING ON AN ONBOARD SUPPLY
OF HEAVY OXIDIZER OR A TRADITIONAL TURBINE ENGINE,
MAKING THEM FASTER.
WHOA, HOW FAST CAN THEY GO?
ACCORDING TO RESEARCH, THE SCRAMJET TECHNOLOGY
COULD SOMEDAY HELP AIRCRAFTS TO TRAVEL
AS MUCH AS 15 TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND,
TURNING A NORMAL 18-HOUR FLIGHT FROM NEW YORK CITY TO TOKYO
INTO A TWO-HOUR JOURNEY.
WHOA!
TOOTING TURBINES, THAT'S INCREDIBLE!
OVER THE YEARS, MANY NEW AIRPLANES AND ENGINES
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED TO HELP TRANSPORT PEOPLE,
LUGGAGE, CARGO, MILITARY PERSONNEL,
AND WEAPONS FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
IN RECORD TIME.
BUT IT IS GREAT TO NOTE
THAT ALL THIS IS ONLY POSSIBLE
AND BASED ON THE FIRST ENGINES
BUILT BY THE WRIGHT BROTHERS FROM OHIO.
WHOO!
YAY!
THE MECHANICS OF FLIGHT HAVE IMPROVED OVER THE YEARS.
THE AN-225 HOLDS THE TITLE OF THE BIGGEST
COMMERCIALLY-USED FREIGHTER IN THE WORLD.
POWERED BY SIX TURBOFAN ENGINES,
IT IS THE BIGGEST HEAVIER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT
IN TERMS OF LENGTH AND WINGSPAN
IN OPERATIONAL SERVICE.
IT IS ABLE TO CARRY
UP TO 250 TONS OF CARGO,
WHICH IS THE SAME AS THE AVERAGE WEIGHT
OF 52 MATURE ELEPHANTS.
THAT'S SOME HEAVY PLANE!
COOL SKIES.
NOWADAYS, PEOPLE CAN GET FROM ONE END OF THE WORLD TO THE OTHER
IN THE SHORTEST OF TIMES
DUE TO THE IMPROVEMENTS OF AIRPLANE ENGINES.
WHAT IS THE FASTEST PASSENGER AIRCRAFT EVER BUILT
AND WHAT ENGINE DOES IT USE, WILLY?
A-HA!
THE SUPERSONIC TUPOLEV TU-144
PRODUCED BY TUPOLEV OKB
BETWEEN 1968 AND 1984
IS THE FASTEST PASSENGER PLANE EVER BUILT.
THE PLANE WAS POWERED BY
FOUR KOLESOV RD-36-51 TURBOJET ENGINES
WITH A MAXIMUM SPEED
OF 1,510 MILES PER HOUR.
HEY, GUMDROP,
I THINK WE JUST FOUND THE ANSWER
TO COMMANDER AIRHEAD'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION.
YOU'RE RIGHT, VROOMER.
THE RECORD GOES TO THE SUPERSONIC TUPOLEV TU-144
BUILT BY TUPOLEV OKB.
CONGRATULATIONS ON FINDING THE ANSWER
TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION, WINGED SCOUTS.
COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WILL BE PROUD OF YOU,
NO PISTONS ABOUT IT.
FANTASTIC WORK, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOUR MISSION WAS A GREAT SUCCESS.
YOU TWO ARE A SUPER TURBO TEAM.
VROOM, VROOM!
VRR... AWESOME!
SAY, WERE YOU ABLE TO FIND THE ANSWER
TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WE SURE DID.
THE RECORD GOES TO THE SUPERSONIC TUPOLEV TU-144,
BUILT BY TUPOLEV OKB.
THE FASTEST PASSENGER PLANE
WAS POWERED BY FOUR KOLESOV RD-36-51 TURBOJET ENGINES
WITH A MAXIMUM SPEED
OF 1,510 MILES PER HOUR.
THAT'S GREAT!
GREAT JOB, WINGED SCOUTS.
WHAT'S OUR NEXT MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
YOUR NEXT MISSION IS GOING TO BE
YOUR MOST INCREDIBLE YET.
WE WANT YOU TWO TO LEARN ABOUT FIGHTER PLANES.
FIGHTER PLANES.
WOW, COOL!
FOR ALL THE BUMPY FLIGHTS,
CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
FIGHTER PLANE FUN.
THIS IS GONNA BE A BLAST!
MY WINGS ARE ALL A-FLUTTER.
THAT'S WHY I LIKE YOU, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOU'RE ALWAYS UP FOR THE CHALLENGE.
GUMDROP, VROOMER, YOU ARE TWO OF THE BEST
ANSWER-FINDERS IN OUR FLEET.
AND TODAY, I HAVE ANOTHER RESEARCH TASK FOR YOU GUYS.
YOUR MISSION, GUMDROP AND VROOMER
IS TO DISCOVER ALL ABOUT THE MOST FASCINATING MACHINE
OF ALL TIME!
PLANES!
EXACTLY!
YOU WILL TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD
ACROSS TIME, ACROSS SPACE AND BEYOND.
YOU MUST KEEP YOUR LITTLE METAL NOSES POINTED AHEAD,
YOUR MOTORS HUMMING,
AND YOUR WINGS PERKED AT ALL TIMES.
WE DEPEND ON YOU TO DO THE BEST JOB POSSIBLE.
ARE YOU READY FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT?
I'M LOOPITY LOOPY TO GET STARTED.
WE'LL VROOM TO THE ANSWERS, COMMANDER.
LET'S FLY.
THIS IS SURE TO BE A CHALLENGING MISSION, LITTLE ONES.
CLEAR SKIES AND HIGH MOUNTAIN TOPS.
I LOVE CHALLENGING MISSIONS.
GOLDEN DAWN HORIZONS!
ME TOO!
I'M SENDING YOU TWO ON A MISSION
TO LEARN ABOUT FIGHTER PLANES.
FIGHTER PLANES?
HOW COOL.
CAN'T WAIT!
IT'S UP TO YOU TO LEARN ALL ABOUT THEM
AND REPORT BACK TO ME WITH WHAT YOU'VE DISCOVERED.
FLAPPING FUN WINGS.
THIS IS GOING TO BE AN INCREDIBLE ADVENTURE.
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT FIGHTER PLANES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WELL, THE FIGHTER PLANES ARE BUILT MAINLY
FOR AIR-TO-AIR COMBAT
AGAINST OTHER AIRCRAFT,
WHICH IS CONTRASTING TO BOMBERS
AND ATTACK PLANES
WHOSE MAIN MISSION IS TO ATTACK GROUND TARGETS.
THE ADVANTAGES OF A FIGHTER
ARE ITS SPEED, MANEUVERABILITY,
AND SMALL SIZE RELATIVE TO OTHER COMBAT AIRCRAFT.
THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANE WAS BUILT AS FAR BACK
AS DURING WORLD WAR ONE.
WOW, I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE!
FIGHTER PLANES, SOUNDS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING.
AS YOU KNOW, VROOMER AND GUMDROP,
TO OVERTURN EVERY STONE YOU CAN,
YOU MUST FIND OUT AND LEARN
TONS OF AMAZING FACTS ABOUT AIRPLANES.
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
VROOM, VROOM!
WE... WILL!
EXCELLENT.
YOU MUST ALSO KNOW THERE IS A QUESTION
THAT ALL THE BRIGHTEST FLYING MINDS
ALL OVER THE WORLD SKIES
HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER ABOUT FIGHTER PLANES.
WE NEED YOU TWO WINGED SCOUTS
TO HELP US ANSWER THE "WHO FLEW" QUESTION ABOUT FIGHTER PLANES.
"WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
LOVE IT.
WHAT IS THE QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WHO FLEW THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANE AND WHEN?
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WE'LL LAND THE ANSWER IN A SPIN OF A PROPELLER.
I'M SURE.
I WILL ASSIGN YOU THE BEST WINGED SCOUT HELPER
IN THE WORLD.
HIS NAME IS WILLY WIDGET.
HE'S A ROBOTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AIRCRAFT KNOWLEDGE
AND HE WILL ASSIST YOU ON YOUR MISSION.
BRING ON WILLY!
WE WANT WILLY WIDGET!
BE SURE TO ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS, WINGED SCOUTS.
NO FACTS GET BY WILLY,
NO MATTER HOW SMALL.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
WINGED SCOUTS!
READY TO GET STARTED ON YOUR NEXT ADVENTURE?
YES, SUPER READY.
TOTALLY READY!
REMEMBER, WINGED SCOUTS,
ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS YOU HAVE
I'M HERE TO ANSWER THEM.
WHERE DO WE BEGIN?
MANY YEARS AGO, FIGHTER PLANES WERE DESCRIBED
AS TWO-SEATER AIRCRAFTS WITH SUFFICIENT LIFT
TO CARRY THE PILOT, A MACHINE GUN, AND ITS OPERATOR.
MANY COUNTRIES, ESPECIALLY THE BRITISH,
TRIED EARLY ON TO BUILD GUN-MOUNTED AIRPLANES,
BUT FACED A SERIES OF DRAWBACKS
SUCH AS SPEED AND WHERE TO MOUNT THE MACHINE GUN.
ONE OF THE EARLIEST BUILT WAS THE VICKERS F.B.5 GUNBUS
BY THE BRITISH IN 1914,
BUT IT WAS CONSIDERED INEFFECTIVE
DUE TO A LOT OF DRAWBACKS AND SUBSEQUENTLY ABANDONED.
IT WASN'T UNTIL MARCH 1915
THAT THE FRENCH AVIATOR, ROLAND GARROS
FLEW A MODIFIED MONOPLANE
THAT SUCCESSFULLY DOWNED THE FIRST AIRCRAFT IN HISTORY.
OOH, WHOA.
TO FOLLOW THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE FIGHTER PLANE THROUGHOUT HISTORY,
WE HAVE TO TRAVEL BACK IN TIME
AND VISIT SOME OF THE GREATEST MINDS
WHO STARTED THE EARLY REVOLUTION OF FIGHTER PLANES.
YEAH!
DURING WORLD WAR ONE,
MANY COUNTRIES LIKE BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND GERMANY
ALL CONTRIBUTED TO THE EARLY EFFORTS TO BUILD THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANES.
SOME USED MONOPLANES,
OTHERS BIPLANES.
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MONOPLANE
AND A BIPLANE, WILLY?
AH, A MONOPLANE HAS ONE MAIN SUPPORTING SURFACE
OR A SINGLE WING ON EITHER SIDE OF THE BODY,
WHILE A BIPLANE HAS TWO SETS OF TWO SUPPORTING WINGS.
THE BODY OF THE MACHINE IS BETWEEN THE TWO PLACES.
INCREDIBLE!
HIT MY PLANE BRAIN WITH MORE COOL FACTOIDS, WILLY WIDGET.
IN GERMANY IN 1913,
A SWISS ENGINEER, FRANZ SCHNEIDER,
PATENTED A DEVICE WITH A FORWARD-FIRING GUN
WHOSE BULLETS PASSED THROUGH THE PROPELLER ARC
AND COULD TIME THE FIRING OF THE INDIVIDUAL ROUNDS
TO AVOID HITTING THE PROPELLER BLADES,
BUT HIS ORIGINAL WORK WAS NOT FOLLOWED UP.
BLASTING ENGINES?
TELL ME MORE!
FRENCH AIRCRAFT DESIGNER, RAYMOND SAULNIER,
PATENTED A PRACTICAL DEVICE IN APRIL 1914.
BUT TRIALS WERE UNSUCCESSFUL
BECAUSE THE MACHINE GUN DESIGN
REPEATEDLY JAMMED DURING FIRING
BECAUSE OF DEFECTIVE AMMUNITION.
VERY INTERESTING.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, WILLY?
IN DECEMBER 1914, ROLAND GARROS, A FRENCH PILOT,
ASKED SAULNIER TO MOUNT HIS SYNCHRONIZATION GEAR
ON HIS MORANE-SAULNIER TYPE L AIRCRAFT.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE GAS-OPERATED HOTCHKISS MACHINE GUN HE WAS GIVEN
HAD AN ERRATIC FIRING RATE
AND IT WAS DIFFICULT TO SYNCHRONIZE
WITH A SPINNING PROPELLER.
WHOA!
FUN FACTOID.
SO HOW WAS HE ABLE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM?
AH, THAT'S A VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
IN 1915, ROLAND GARROS MODIFIED HIS MONOPLANE PROPELLER BLADES
WITH ARMOR FITTED WITH METAL WEDGES
TO PROTECT THE PILOT FROM RICOCHETS,
AND HE BEGAN COMBAT OPERATIONS SOON THEREAFTER.
GARROS SCORED THREE VICTORIES IN THREE WEEKS
BEFORE HE HIMSELF WAS DOWNED ON THE 18TH OF APRIL.
AND HIS AIRPLANE, ALONG WITH ITS SYNCHRONIZATION GEAR
AND PROPELLER WAS CAPTURED BY THE GERMANS.
OH, NO!
SO, WAS THAT HOW THE GERMANS GOT THE SECRET
TO FIGHTER PLANES, WILLY WIDGET?
THE GERMANS FORCED A DUTCH AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER,
ANTHONY FOKKER, WHOSE FACTORY WAS NEARBY
TO INSPECT THE FIGHTER PLANE AND REPLICATE THE DESIGN.
FOKKER AND HIS ENGINEERS DID AS THEY WERE TOLD
AND BUILT THE FIRST MACHINE GUN FIGHTER PLANES
FOR THE GERMANS.
WHOA, WILLY WIDGET,
FACTOID COOLER THAN RAIN CLOUDS
AFTER A SPRING SHOWER.
DID THE GERMAN FIGHTER PLANES
WORK AS WELL AS THE FRENCH FIGHTER PLANES, WILLY WIDGET?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, VROOMER.
ANTHONY FOKKER AND HIS ENGINEERS
CAME UP WITH A BETTER DESIGN.
THEY BUILT A MACHINE GUN WHOSE RATE OF FIRE
WAS CONTROLLED BY THE TURNING OF THE PROPELLER.
THIS SYNCHRONIZATION ASSURED THAT THE BULLETS
WOULD PASS HARMLESSLY THROUGH THE EMPTY SPACE
BETWEEN THE PROPELLER BLADES.
SO, WAS ROLAND GARROS THE ONLY PILOT
TO SHOOT DOWN PLANES DURING WORLD WAR ONE, WILLY WIDGET?
VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
I SEE YOU ARE ALL EARS.
THE FIRST VICTORY FOR THE GERMANS
CAME ON THE FIRST OF JULY 1915
WHEN LIEUTENANT KURT WILCKENS,
FLYING THE FOKKER EINDECKER MONOPLANE
WITH THE FIELD FLIEGER-ABTEILUNG SIX UNIT
ON THE WESTERN FRONT
FORCED DOWN A MORANE-SAULNIER TYPE L
TWO-SEAT PARASOL MONOPLANE
JUST EAST OF LUNEVILLE.
HE WAS THE SECOND PILOT TO SHOOT DOWN A PLANE.
WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THAT, WILLY WIDGET?
THE SUCCESS OF THE EINDECKER
GAVE RISE TO A COMPETITIVE CYCLE OF IMPROVEMENT
AMONG COMBATANTS.
BOTH SIDES TRIED TO BUILD EVEN MORE
CAPABLE SINGLE-SEAT FIGHTERS.
THE ALBATROSS D-1 AND SOPWITH PUP OF 1916
SET THE CLASSIC PATTERN FOLLOWED BY FIGHTERS
FOR ABOUT 20 YEARS.
MOST OF THE FIGHTER PLANES WERE BIPLANES
AND ONLY RARELY MONOPLANES OR TRIPLANES.
WHOA, SO THE FIGHTERS WERE AS GOOD AS THEIR FIGHTER PLANES?
YES, TO AN EXTENT.
AS COLLECTIVE COMBAT EXPERIENCE GREW,
THE MORE SUCCESSFUL PILOTS, LIKE OSWALD BOELCKE,
MAX IMMELMANN AND EDWARD MANNOCK
DEVISED TACTICAL FORMATIONS AND MANEUVERS
TO IMPROVE THEIR AIR UNITS' COMBAT SUCCESS.
WHOA!
TOOTING TURBINES, THAT'S AMAZING!
WITH TIME, AIRCRAFT ENGINES INCREASED SEVERAL FOLD IN POWER.
GOING FROM A COMMON 180 HORSEPOWER IN THE 19-8 FOKKER D.VII
TO THE 900 HORSEPOWER IN THE 1938 CURTISS P-36.
WHOO-HOO!
GOOD GOLLY!
WORLD WAR TWO FEATURED FIGHTER COMBAT
ON A LARGER SCALE
THAN ANY OTHER CONFLICT TO DATE.
AND FIGHTER PLANE DESIGNS VARIED EXTENSIVELY AMONG NATIONS.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE THE ITALIAN MACCHI M.C.200
AND FIAT G.50
AND THE JAPANESE NAKAJIMA KI-27
AND NAKAJIMA KI-43.
COOL SKIES.
FIGHTER TECHNOLOGY QUICKLY ADVANCED
DURING WORLD WAR TWO.
PISTON ENGINES, WHICH POWERED MOST OF THE WORLD WAR TWO FIGHTERS
BECAME MORE POWERFUL.
AT THE START, WAR PLANES USUALLY HAD ENGINES
POWERED BY 1,000 HORSEPOWER AND 1,400 HORSEPOWER ENGINES,
BUT BY THE END OF THE WAR,
MANY COULD PRODUCE OVER 2,000 HORSEPOWER.
FOR INSTANCE, THE SPITFIRE,
WHICH WAS IN PRODUCTION ALL THROUGHOUT THE WAR,
WAS, IN 1939,
POWERED BY A 1,030-HORSEPOWER MERLIN II,
WHILE VARIANTS PRODUCED IN 1945
PRODUCED 2,035 HORSEPOWER.
POWERED BY GRIFFON 61 ENGINES.
WHO FLEW THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANE AND WHEN?
THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANE WAS DEVELOPED BY A FRENCH PILOT,
ROLAND GARROS, IN 1915,
WHO FLEW AN AIRPLANE ARMED WITH A MACHINE GUN
THAT FIRED THROUGH ITS PROPELLER DURING WORLD WAR ONE.
GARROS BECAME A NATIONAL HERO
AND HAD A TOTAL OF FIVE ENEMY KILLS IN THE AIR.
HEY, GUMDROP, I THINK WE JUST FOUND OUT THE ANSWER
TO COMMANDER AIRHEAD'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION!
YOU'RE RIGHT, VROOMER.
THE RECORD GOES TO FRENCH PILOT ROLAND GARROS.
HA, CONGRATULATIONS
ON FINDING THE ANSWER TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION, WINGED SCOUTS.
COMMANDER AIRHEAD WILL BE PROUD OF YOU.
NO PISTONS ABOUT IT.
FANTASTIC WORK, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOUR MISSION WAS A GREAT SUCCESS!
YOU'RE WELL ON YOU'RE WAY TO PLANE-LIGHTENMENT.
VROOM, VROOM!
VRR... AWESOME!
SAY, WERE YOU ABLE TO FIND
THE ANSWER TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WE SURE DID.
THE RECORD TO GOES TO FRENCH PILOT ROLAND GARROS.
THE FIRST FIGHTER PLANE WAS DEVELOPED BY A FRENCH PILOT,
ROLAND GARROS, IN 1915 DURING WORLD WAR ONE.
AH, THAT'S GREAT!
GOOD JOB, WINGED SCOUTS.
WHAT'S OUR NEXT MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
YOUR NEXT MISSION IS GOING TO BE YOUR MOST INCREDIBLE YET.
WE WANT YOU TO LEARN ABOUT SUPERSONIC JETS
AND THE SOUND BARRIER.
SUPERSONIC JETS AND THE SOUND BARRIER?
WOW!
COOL!
FOR ALL THE BUMPY FLIGHTS,
CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
I CAN'T WAIT TILL NEXT TIME.
I'M SUPERSONIC SERIOUS.
MY WINGS ARE ALL A FLUTTER.
YOU TWO LITTLE PLANES ARE RAPIDLY SOARING
TO THE VERY PINNACLE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE.
AND TODAY, WE HAVE ANOTHER CHANCE
TO EXPAND THOSE REVVING BRAINS.
YOUR MISSION, GUMDROP AND VROOMER,
IS TO DISCOVER ALL ABOUT
THE MOST FASCINATING MACHINE OF ALL.
PLANES!
EXACTLY.
YOU WILL TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD
ACROSS TIME, SPACE AND BEYOND.
YOU MUST KEEP YOUR LITTLE METAL NOSES POINTED AHEAD,
YOUR MOTORS HUMMING,
AND YOUR WINGS PERKED AT ALL TIMES.
WE DEPEND ON YOU TO DO THE BEST JOB POSSIBLE.
ARE YOU READY FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT?
MY BRAIN'S FRONTAL LOBE IS SPINNING LIKE A PROPELLER.
YOUR BRAIN'S FRONTAL LOBE IS A PROPELLER.
PLANE SCOUTS READY FOR OUR MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
THIS IS SURE TO BE A CHALLENGING MISSION, LITTLE ONES.
BRING IT ON.
NO CLOUD IS TOO DARK FOR US TO FIND THE SUNSHINE,
OR THE ANSWERS.
I'M SENDING YOU TWO ON A MISSION
TO LEARN ABOUT SUPERSONIC JETS
AND THE SOUND BARRIER.
SUPERSONIC JETS AND THE SOUND BARRIER?
NO WAY!
TOTALLY AWESOME!
CAN'T WAIT!
IT'S UP TO YOU TO LEARN
ALL ABOUT IT.
AND REPORT BACK TO ME WITH WHAT YOU'VE DISCOVERED.
TURBO TAKEOFFS, WE'LL DO IT.
THIS IS GOING TO BE AN INCREDIBLE ADVENTURE
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE SUPERSONIC JETS
AND THE SOUND BARRIER, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
SUPERSONIC JETS ARE PLANES THAT CAN FLY
UP TO FIVE TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND.
760 MILES PER HOUR IS THE SPEED OF SOUND.
IT'S ALSO CALLED MACH 1.
PLANES IN THIS REGIME HAVE SPECIALLY DESIGNED
HIGH-PERFORMANCE ENGINES
THAT CAN BREAK THE SOUND BARRIER.
THEY ARE ALSO DESIGNED WITH LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS
TO PROVIDE LESS DRAG.
WOW, I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE.
SUPERSONIC JETS AND THE SOUND BARRIER?
SOUNDS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING.
AS YOU KNOW, VROOMER AND GUMDROP,
AS PART OF THE MISSION,
YOU MUST FIND OUT AND LEARN TONS OF AMAZING FACTS
ABOUT AIRPLANES.
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
VROOM, VROOM!
WE WILL.
EXCELLENT.
YOU MUST ALSO KNOW THAT THERE IS A QUESTION
THAT ALL THE BRIGHTEST FLYING MINDS ALL OVER THE WORLD SKIES
HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER
ABOUT SUPERSONIC JETS AND THE SOUND BARRIER.
WE NEED YOU TWO WINGED SCOUTS
TO HELP US ANSWER THE "WHO FLEW" QUESTION
ABOUT SUPERSONIC JETS AND THE SOUND BARRIER.
"WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
LOVE IT!
WHAT IS THE QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WHAT IS THE FIRST JET
AND WHO IS THE FIRST PERSON TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND?
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WE'LL LAND THE ANSWER IN A SPIN OF A PROPELLER.
I'M SURE.
I WILL ASSIGN YOU
THE BEST WINGED SCOUT HELPER IN THE WORLD.
HIS NAME IS WILLY WIDGET.
HE'S A ROBOTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AIRCRAFT KNOWLEDGE.
HE WILL ASSIST YOU ON YOUR MISSION.
BRING ON OUR THIRD BRAIN.
LET'S HAVE OUR WILLY WIDGET!
BE SURE TO ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOU KNOW NOTHING'S TOO HARD FOR WILLY.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
WINGED SCOUTS.
READY TO GET STARTED ON YOUR NEXT ADVENTURE?
YES, SUPER READY.
TOTALLY READY!
REMEMBER, WINGED SCOUTS,
ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS YOU MAY HAVE
I'M HERE TO ANSWER THEM.
WHERE DO WE BEGIN?
IN THE 1960S AND 70S,
MANY DESIGN STUDIES FOR SUPERSONIC AIRLINERS WERE DONE.
AND, EVENTUALLY, TWO TYPES ENTERED SERVICE,
THE ANGLO FRENCH CONCORDE
AND THE RUSSIAN TUPOLEV TU-144.
HOWEVER, CLIMACTIC AND POLITICAL
AND ECONOMIC IMPEDIMENTS
AND ONE FATAL CONCORDE CRASH PREVENTED THEM
FROM BEING USED TO THEIR FULL COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL.
AND THESE AIRCRAFT ARE NO LONGER FLYING.
THE MAJORITY OF SUPERSONIC JETS
ARE MILITARY OR EXPERIMENTAL PLANES.
WHOA!
THE SOUND BARRIER, ALSO CALLED A SONIC BARRIER,
IS A POPULAR TERM THAT REFERS TO THE SUDDEN INCREASE
IN AERODYNAMIC DRAG
AND OTHER EFFECTS EXPERIENCED BY A JET
OR OTHER OBJECT WHEN IT APPROACHES SUPERSONIC SPEED.
THE SOUND BARRIER IS REACHED
WHEN AN OBJECT MOVES AT A SPEED
OF 343 METERS PER SECOND.
YEAH!
THE GERMANS, FRENCH, BRITISH, AND OTHER FIGHTER PILOTS
WHO FOUGHT DURING WORLD WAR TWO
WERE THE FIRST TO EXPERIENCE THE SOUND BARRIER
WHEN A NUMBER OF AIRCRAFTS
STARTED TO ENCOUNTER THE EFFECTS OF COMPRESSIBILITY.
A NUMBER OF UNRELATED AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS
THAT STRUCK THEIR AIRCRAFT,
THEREBY BLOCKING FURTHER ACCELERATION.
BY THE 1950S, NEW AIRCRAFT DESIGNS
REGULARLY BROKE THE SOUND BARRIER.
WHAT ARE EARLY CLAIMS OF THE SOUND BARRIER LIKE?
IN 1942, IN ONE OF THE EARLIEST CLAIMS,
THE REPUBLIC AVIATION ISSUED A PRESS RELEASE
STATING THAT LIEUTENANTS HAROLD E. COMSTOCK
AND ROGER DYER HAD EXCEEDED THE SPEED OF SOUND
DURING TEST DIVES IN THE P-47 THUNDERBOLT.
IT IS WIDELY AGREED THAT THIS WAS DUE
TO INACCURATE ASI READINGS.
FOREIGN SIMILAR TESTS,
THE NORTH AMERICAN P-51 MUSTANG,
A HIGHER-PERFORMANCE AIRCRAFT,
DEMONSTRATED LIMITS AT MACH 0.85,
WITH SOME HIGH SPEEDS CAUSING THE AIRCRAFT
TO BE DAMAGED BY VIBRATION.
INCREDIBLE.
HIT MY PLANE BRAIN WITH MORE COOL FACTOIDS, WILLY.
ON THE FIRST OF MARCH 1945,
THE LUFTWAFFE TEST PILOT, LOTHAR SIEBER,
MAY HAVE ACCIDENTALLY BECOME THE FIRST MAN
TO BREAK THE SOUND BARRIER.
THIS OCCURRED WHILE HE WAS PILOTING A BACHEM BA 349 NATTER
FOR THE FIRST MANNED VERTICAL TAKEOFF OF A ROCKET IN HISTORY.
IN 55 SECONDS, HE TRAVELLED A TOTAL OF 14 KILOMETERS
OR 8.7 MILES.
UNFORTUNATELY, THE AIRCRAFT CRASHED
AND HE DIDN'T SURVIVE.
BUT THE PRECEDENT WAS SET!
OH, WHOA.
IN 1942, THE UNITED KINGDOM'S MINISTRY OF AVIATION
BEGAN A TOP SECRET PROJECT WITH MILES AIRCRAFT
TO DEVELOP THE WORLD'S FIRST AIRCRAFT
CAPABLE OF BREAKING THE SOUND BARRIER.
THE PROTOTYPE, MILES M.52 TURBO JET-POWERED AIRCRAFT,
WAS DESIGNED TO REACH 1,000 MILES PER HOUR,
OVER THE TWICE THE EXISTING SPEED RECORD
IN LEVEL FLIGHT
AND TO CLIMB TO AN ALTITUDE
OF 36,000 FEET IN ONE MINUTE AND 30 SECONDS.
BUT THE PROJECT WAS EVENTUALLY CANCELLED.
VERY INTERESTING.
TURBO TRICKY.
ARE THERE ANY OTHER IMPORTANT FIGURES
IN SUPERSONIC JET FLYING, WILLY?
HISTORY IS LITTERED WITH IMPORTANT PILOTS,
ENGINEERS, MECHANICS, DESIGNERS AND GENERALS
WHO ALL HELPED FORWARD THE CAUSE AND THE MISSION
OF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT.
PERHAPS NONE AS WELL KNOWN
AS FORMER AIR FORCE GENERAL
AND WORLD-FAMOUS TEST PILOT CHUCK YEAGER.
WHOA, CHUCK YEAGER?
CHUCK YEAGER SOUNDS LIKE ONE HECK OF A PILOT.
WAS HE?
VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
HE SURE WAS.
FROM HIS HUMBLE BEGINNINGS AS A PRIVATE IN WORLD WAR TWO,
CHUCK YEAGER WENT ON TO BE A TEST PILOT
FOR MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIRCRAFT,
INCLUDING EXPERIMENTAL ROCKET-POWERED AIRCRAFT.
ALL TOLD, MR. YEAGER'S FLYING CAREER
SPANNED OVER 60 AMAZING YEARS.
JEEZ, MAKES ME PROUD TO BE A PLANE.
DID CHUCK YEAGER EVER CRASH A PLAN?
YES, HE DID!
CHUCK YEAGER LOST CONTROL OF A PLANE CALLED THE BELL X-1A
DUE TO THE BARELY UNDERSTOOD PHENOMENON OF INERTIA COUPLING.
THE X-1A DROPPED FROM MAXIMUM ALTITUDE
TO 25,000 FEET,
DURING WHICH YEAGER BROKE THE CANOPY WITH HIS HELMET
BEFORE REGAINING CONTROL
ONLY DUE TO HIS SUPER STRONG SKILLS AS AN AVIATOR.
WHOA!
WHAT IS INERTIA COUPLING?
INERTIA COUPLING IS COMMON WITH SINGLE-ENGINE JET FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
AND OCCURS WHEN AN AIRCRAFT IS QUICKLY PUT INTO A ROLL
RESULTING IN VIOLENT PITCHING, AND YAWING,
AND LOSS OF CONTROL
AS THE AIRCRAFT ROTATES ON ALL THREE AXES.
WHOA!
TOOTING TURBINES, THAT'S INCREDIBLE!
INERTIA COUPLING NEARLY KILLED CHUCK YEAGER
IN THE X-1A IN 1953
AND IT DID KILL PILOT CAPTAIN MEL APT
IN HIS FIRST FLIGHT IN THE ROCKET-POWERED BELL X-2
ON SEPTEMBER 27TH, 1956.
INERTIA COUPLING CRAZINESS.
WOW, THIS FLYING BUSINESS SURE CAN BE DANGEROUS.
FOR AIRCRAFT SPEEDS WHICH ARE GREATER THAN THE SPEED OF SOUND,
THE AIRCRAFT IS SAID TO BE SUPERSONIC.
TYPICAL SPEEDS FOR SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT ARE GREATER
THAN 750 MILES PER HOUR,
BUT LESS THAN 1,500 MILES PER HOUR
AND THE MACH NUMBER, M, IS GREATER THAN ONE.
AS IN MACH 1, MACH 2, OR MACH 3.
COOL SKIES.
SUBSEQUENT EXPERIMENTAL SUPERSONIC JETS
WERE BUILT AFTER THE BELL X-1A
PROVED THAT HUMANS COULD FLY SUPERSONICALLY.
THE AERODYNAMICS OF THESE EARLY AIRCRAFT
IS USED ON MODERN SUPERSONIC FIGHTER AIRCRAFT.
THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL EFFORTS TO DEVELOP
COST-EFFECTIVE SUPERSONIC AIRLINERS.
THE RUSSIAN TU-144 AND THE ANGLO FRENCH CONCORDE
WENT INTO SERVICE IN THE EARLY 1970S,
BUT WERE FINANCIAL FAILURES.
WHAT IS THE FIRST JET AND WHO IS THE FIRST PERSON TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND?
THE BELL X-1 ON 14 OCTOBER, 1947
BECAME THE FIRST AIRCRAFT TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
IT WAS PILOTED BY NONE OTHER THAN AIR FORCE CAPTAIN CHUCK YEAGER
WHO ALSO BECAME THE VERY FIRST PILOT TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
HEY, GUMDROP, I THINK WE JUST FOUND OUT THE ANSWER
TO COMMANDER AIRHEAD'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION.
YOU'RE RIGHT, VROOMER.
THE BELL X-1 HOLDS THE RECORD
FOR FIRST JET TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
AND CAPTAIN CHUCK YEAGER WAS ITS PILOT.
CONGRATULATIONS ON FINDING THE ANSWER
TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION, WINGED SCOUTS.
COMMANDER AIRHEAD WILL BE PROUD OF YOU.
NO ENGINES ABOUT IT.
FANTASTIC WORK, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOUR MISSION WAS A GREAT SUCCESS.
YOU'RE WELL ON YOUR WAY TO BECOMING OUR MOST HEIGHTENED
AND ENLIGHTENED PLANES.
VROOM, VROOM!
VRR... AWESOME!
SAY, WERE YOU, UH,
WERE YOU ABLE TO FIND THE ANSWER TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WE SURE DID.
THE BELL X-1 HOLDS THE RECORD
FOR FIRST JET TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
YES, ON THE 14TH OF OCTOBER, 1947,
THE BELL X-1 BECAME THE FIRST AIRCRAFT TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
IT WAS PILOTED BY AIR FORCE CAPTAIN CHUCK YEAGER
WHO ALSO BECAME THE VERY FIRST PILOT
THE BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND.
THAT'S GREAT.
GOOD JOB, WINGED SCOUTS.
WHAT'S OUR NEXT MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
YOUR NEXT MISSION IS GOING TO BE YOUR MOST INCREDIBLE YET.
WE WANT YOU TO LEARN ABOUT MODERN JETS.
MODERN JETS?
SUPER COOL-L-L-L!
FOR ALL THE BUMPY FLIGHTS, CAN'T WAIT!
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
I CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
ME NEITHER, THIS IS GONNA BE FUN.
GUMDROP, VROOMER,
I CAN'T BEGIN TO TELL YOU
HOW MUCH YOUR DEDICATION TO LEARNING
IMPRESSES US ALL.
WITH THAT IN MIND,
TODAY WILL BE ONE OF YOUR BIGGEST TESTS.
YOUR MISSION, GUMDROP AND VROOMER,
IS TO DISCOVER ALL ABOUT
THE MOST FASCINATING MACHINE OF ALL.
PLANES!
EXACTLY!
YOU WILL TRAVEL ALL OVER THE WORLD
ACROSS TIME, AND SPACE AND BEYOND.
YOU MUST KEEP YOUR LITTLE METAL NOSES POINTED AHEAD,
YOUR MOTORS HUMMING,
AND YOUR WINGS PERKED AT ALL TIMES.
WE DEPEND ON YOU TO DO THE BEST JOB POSSIBLE.
ARE YOU READY FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT?
- MACH 5 KNOWLEDGE? - LET'S GET IT!
PLANE SCOUTS READY FOR OUR MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
THIS IS SURE TO BE A CHALLENGING MISSION, LITTLE ONES.
OOH, TELL ME MORE, I LOVE CHALLENGING MISSIONS.
SOUND BARRIER BRAIN BLAST, ME TOO!
I'M SENDING YOU TWO ON A MISSION
TO LEARN ABOUT MODERN JETS.
MODERN JETS?
HOW COOL.
CAN'T WAIT.
IT'S UP TO YOU TO LEARN ALL ABOUT IT
AND REPORT BACK TO ME WITH WHAT YOU HAVE DISCOVERED.
FLAPPING FUN WINGS.
THIS IS GOING TO BE AN INCREDIBLE ADVENTURE.
WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE MODERN JETS, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WELL, THE FIRST JETS WERE BUILT OVER 1,000 YEARS AGO.
AND OVER THAT TIME, DURING TIMES OF WAR AND IN BETWEEN,
THERE HAS BEEN TREMENDOUS BREAKTHROUGH
IN THE MANUFACTURING OF BOTH COMMERCIAL
AND FIGHTER JETS.
NUMEROUS TESTS AND MODIFICATIONS
HAVE LED TO WHAT WE KNOW AS MODERN JETS TODAY.
WOW, I CAN'T WAIT TO FIND OUT MORE.
MODERN JETS? SOUNDS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING.
AS YOU KNOW, VROOMER AND GUMDROP,
TO BE ALL YOU CAN BE,
YOU MUST FIND OUT AND LEARN
TONS OF AMAZING FACTS ABOUT AIRPLANES.
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
VROOM, VROOM!
WE WILL!
EXCELLENT.
YOU MUST ALSO KNOW THERE IS A QUESTION
THAT ALL THE BRIGHTEST FLYING MINDS ALL OVER THE WORLD SKIES
HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER ABOUT MODERN JETS.
WE NEED YOU TWO WINGED SCOUTS
TO HELP US ANSWER THE "WHO FLEW"QUESTION ABOUT MODERN JETS.
"WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
LOVE IT.
WHAT IS THE QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
WHAT IS THE FASTEST MODERN JET
AND WHAT IS ITS MAXIMUM SPEED?
THAT'S A GREAT QUESTION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WE'LL LAND THE ANSWER IN A SPIN OF A PROPELLER.
I'M SURE.
I WILL ASSIGN YOU
THE BEST WINGED SCOUT HELPER IN THE WORLD.
HIS NAME IS WILLY WIDGET.
HE'S A ROBOTIC ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF AIRCRAFT KNOWLEDGE.
HE WILL ASSIST YOU ON YOUR MISSION.
OUR BOT.
IT'S ALWAYS SUNNY SKIES
WITH OLE WILLY WIDGET.
BE SURE TO ASK A LOT OF QUESTIONS, WINGED SCOUTS.
AS ALWAYS, WILLY KNOWS IT ALL.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
WINGED SCOUTS.
VROOM, VROOM!
VROOM, VROOM, VROOM, VROOM, VROOM, VROOM, VROOM
HOORAY!
WINGED SCOUTS!
READY TO GET STARTED ON YOUR NEXT ADVENTURE?
YES, SUPER READY.
IS THE SKY BLUE?
REMEMBER, WINGED SCOUTS,
ANY AND ALL QUESTIONS YOU HAVE
I'M HERE TO ANSWER THEM.
WHERE DO WE BEGIN?
MORE THAN 100 YEARS AGO,
ORVILLE AND WILBUR WRIGHT
TAUGHT MANKIND HOW TO FLY.
AND EVER SINCE THEN,
THERE HAS BEEN REPLICATIONS,
IMPROVEMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS
THAT HAVE SEEN JETS DO NUMEROUS FEATS
ONCE CONSIDERED IMPOSSIBLE.
THE FIRST JET TO BREAK THE SPEED OF SOUND,
THE BELL X-1 PILOTED BY CHARLES YEAGER
IN 1947 SET THE PACE.
AND EVER SINCE THEN,
OTHERS HAVE FOLLOWED.
WHOA!
TO SEE SOME OF THE LATEST IN MODERN FIFTH-GENERATION JETS,
WE WILL HAVE TO TRAVEL ACROSS THE WORLD
TO MANY COUNTRIES.
WINGS UP, LET'S GO HAVE SOME FUN!
YEAH!
IN RUSSIA, THERE HAVE BEEN SOME TREMENDOUS BREAKTHROUGHS
WITH THE FOURTH-GENERATION JET FIGHTERS.
MIKOYAN MIG-29
AND SUKHOI SU-27.
BUT RECENTLY, THEY HAVE DEVELOPED
THE FIFTH-GENERATION SUKHOI SU-35,
WHICH IS AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE SU-27.
AND BELONGS ON THE TOP TEN MODERN JETS OF THE CENTURY.
THERE'S ALSO A NEW SUKHOI PAK FA
STEALTHY SUPERIOR AIR FIGHTER JET BEING DEVELOPED.
SAY, WHAT'S THE MAXIMUM SPEED
OF THE SUKHOI SU-35?
THE SUKHOI SU-35 HAS A MAXIMUM SPEED
AT ALTITUDE OF 2,410 KILOMETERS PER HOUR
OR MACH 2.25.
INCREDIBLE.
HIT MY PLANE BRAIN WITH MORE COOL INFO, WILLY WIDGET.
BY LATE 2010,
CHINA DESIGNED TWO PROTOTYPES
OF THE CHENGDU J-20
AND BEGAN HIGH-SPEED TAXI TRIALS.
THE J-20 MADE ITS FIRST FLIGHT
IN JANUARY 2011.
IN DECEMBER 2015,
A NEW J-20 WITH SERIAL NUMBER 2101
WAS SEEN LEAVING ITS CHENGDU AVIATION CORPORATION FACTORY.
IT IS BELIEVED TO BE THE FIRST OF THE LOW-RATE
INITIAL PRODUCTION AIRCRAFT.
THE 2101 CONDUCTED ITS MAIDEN FLIGHT
IN JANUARY 2016.
BLASTING ENGINES, THAT'S AMAZING.
THERE WERE RUMORS OF A POSSIBLE PROTOTYPE
OF THE F-60, NAMED THE SHENYANG J-31,
WHICH WAS LATER LAUNCHED AND MADE ITS MAIDEN FLIGHT
IN OCTOBER, 2012.
VERY INTERESTING.
WHAT HAPPENED NEXT, WILLY?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, GUMDROP.
THE UNITED STATES HAS REMAINED
ONE OF THE LEADERS IN BUILDING MODERN JETS.
THEY OWN SOME OF THE BEST MODERN JETS
AND THEIR LOCKHEED MARTIN BOEING F-22 RAPTOR
IS THE MOST SUPERIOR JET EVER PRODUCED.
AND IS ALMOST INVISIBLE TO RADARS.
IT CARRIES A POWERFUL ARRAY OF WEAPONRY
AND REMAINS THE MOST ADVANCED
AND MOST EXPENSIVE PRODUCTION FIGHTER AIRCRAFT TO DATE.
WHOA!
FUN FACTOID.
ARE ALL THE MODERN JETS FIGHTER JETS?
THAT'S A VERY QUESTION, VROOMER.
NOT ALL THE MODERN JETS ARE FIGHTER JETS
AS THERE ARE ALSO SOME PASSENGER JETS.
PASSENGER JETS USUALLY HAVE TWO OR FOUR JET ENGINES.
THREE-ENGINE DESIGNS WERE POPULAR IN THE 1970S,
BUT ARE LESS COMMON TODAY.
HIGH-FLYING FACTOID.
WHAT WERE THE FIRST PASSENGER JET PLANES EVER MADE, WILLY?
THE FIRST JET AIRLINER WAS THE BRITISH DE HAVILLAND COMET,
WHICH FIRST FLEW IN 1949.
ALSO DEVELOPED IN 1949
WAS THE AVRO CANADA C102 JETLINER,
WHICH SADLY NEVER REACHED PRODUCTION.
WHOA-OH-OH.
FACTOID COOLER THAN ICICLES ON MY PROPELLERS
AFTER AN ICY FLIGHT.
WHAT ARE SOME OF THE NEWEST
MODERN PASSENGER JETS, WILLY WIDGET?
EXCELLENT QUESTION, VROOMER.
THE FRENCH AIRBUS A350 XWB
AND THE AMERICAN BOEING 787-9 DREAMLINER
ARE CURRENTLY PERHAPS THE TWO MOST ADVANCED
PASSENGER JETS IN THE WORLD.
AND ARE STILL IN PRODUCTION.
ARE ALL PASSENGER JETS CAPABLE
OF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT, WILLY WIDGET?
VERY GOOD QUESTION, VROOMER.
I SEE YOU ARE KEEPING A KEEN MIND.
NO JET AIRLINER, OTHER THAN THE CONCORDE,
IS CAPABLE OF SUPERSONIC FLIGHT.
IS THE CONCORDE STILL OPERATIONAL TODAY?
NO, GUMDROP, THE AEROSPATIALE/BAC CONCORDE
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS IN 2003.
WHOA!
HOW WAS THE CONCORDE POWERED?
THE CONCORDE WAS POWERED WITH THE OLYMPUS 320 TURBO JET,
A DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRISTOL ENGINE
FIRST USED FOR THE AVRO VULCAN BOMBER.
WHOA.
HOOTING TOOTING TURBINES.
THOSE ARE SOME COOL TERMS.
MANY COUNTRIES SUCH AS CHINA, JAPAN,
RUSSIA, FRANCE, UNITED STATES AND THE UK
ARE ALL MAKING EFFORTS
TOWARD DEVELOPING SIXTH-GENERATION JETS,
WHICH WILL BE THE FUTURE OF THE MODERN WORLD.
SOME OF THESE JETS INCLUDE THE RUSSIAN MIKOYAN MIG-41,
THE JAPANESE MITSUBISHI X-2 SHINSHIN
AND LOTS MORE!
WHOO-HOO!
YAY!
RECENTLY, LOCKHEED MARTIN ENGINEERS
HAVE DEVELOPED A BOX WING CONCEPT
TO FIND NEW WAYS TO REDUCE FUEL BURN
WITHOUT ABANDONING THE BASIC SHAPE OF CURRENT AIRCRAFT.
ADAPTING THE LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS
FOUND IN THE F-22 AND F-35 FIGHTER JETS,
THEY DESIGNED A LOOPED WING CONFIGURATION
THAT WOULD INCREASE THE LIFT-TO-DRAG RATIO BY 16%,
MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO FLY FURTHER
USING LESS FUEL
WHILE STILL FITTING INTO AIRPORT GATES.
COOL SKIES.
THE FIRST ERA OF COMMERCIAL SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTATION
ENDED ON NOVEMBER 26TH, 2003
WITH THE FINAL FLIGHT OF THAT CONCORDE I MENTIONED,
A NOISY, INEFFICIENT AND HIGH-POLLUTING AIRCRAFT.
BUT THE DREAM OF A SUB-THREE-HOUR
CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT LINGERED.
AND IN 2010, DESIGNERS AT LOCKHEED MARTIN
PRESENTED THE MACH 1.6 SUPERSONIC GREEN MACHINE.
THE PLANE'S VARIABLE CYCLE ENGINES
IMPROVED EFFICIENCY BY SWITCHING TO CONVENTIONAL TURBOFAN MODE
DURING TAKEOFF AND LANDING.
COMBUSTORS BUILT INTO THE ENGINE
WOULD REDUCE NITROGEN OXIDE POLLUTION BY 75%.
WHAT IS THE FASTER MODERN JET?
AND WHAT IS ITS MAXIMUM SPEED?
OH, THE ROCKET-POWERED X-15
HOLDS THE OFFICIAL WORLD RECORD
FOR THE FASTEST SPEED EVER REACHED BY A MANNED AIRCRAFT,
MACH 6.72,
WHICH IS 6.72 TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND
OR 4,520 MILES PER HOUR.
HEY, GUMDROP, I THINK WE JUST FOUND THE ANSWER
TO COMMANDER AIRHEAD'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION.
YOU'RE RIGHT, VROOMER.
THE RECORD GOES TO THE X-15 AIRCRAFT.
CONGRATULATIONS ON FINDING THE ANSWER
TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION, WINGED SCOUTS.
COMMANDER AIRHEAD WILL BE PROUD OF YOU.
NO PISTONS ABOUT IT.
FANTASTIC WORK, WINGED SCOUTS.
YOUR MISSION WAS A GREAT SUCCESS.
LIKE ALWAYS, YOU TWO NEVER LET US DOWN.
UNTIL IT'S TIME TO LAND, RIGHT?
SAY, WERE YOU ABLE TO FIND
THE ANSWER TO THIS MISSION'S "WHO FLEW" QUESTION?
YES, COMMANDER AIRHEAD, WE SURE DID.
THE OFFICIAL RECORD GOES TO THE ROCKET-POWERED X-15
FOR THE FASTEST SPEED EVER REACHED BY A MANNED AIRCRAFT.
THE FASTEST MODERN JET IS THE ROCKET-POWERED X-15
WITH A SPEED OF MACH 6.72,
WHICH IS 6.72 TIMES THE SPEED OF SOUND
OR 5,520 MILES PER HOUR.
THAT'S GREAT!
GOOD JOB, WINGED SCOUTS.
WHAT'S OUR NEXT MISSION, COMMANDER AIRHEAD?
YOUR NEXT MISSION IS GOING TO BE YOUR MOST INCREDIBLE YET.
WE WANT YOU TO LEARN ABOUT THE WORLD'S FASTEST JETS.
THE WORLD'S FASTEST JETS? WOW!
COOL!
FOR ALL THE BUMPY FLIGHTS,
CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED.
YAY!
WINGED SCOUTS READY TO FLY, COMMANDER AIRHEAD.
- WINGED SCOUTS. - VROOM, VROOM!
HOORAY!
YOU KNOW, I'M PRETTY FAST MYSELF.
IF I DO SAY SO.
BUT YOU'RE NOT THE WORLD'S FASTEST FAST, VROOMER.
YOU GUYS ARE STILL YOUNG.
THERE'S ALWAYS TIME FOR GROWTH, WINGED SCOUTS.
Subtitles by explosiveskull
♪ I WAS JUST SITTING UP IN MY TREE ♪
♪ IN MY TREE, IN MY TREE ♪
♪ I SAW A BEAUTIFUL FACE WAS LOOKING UP AT ME ♪
♪ UP AT ME, UP AT ME ♪
♪ OH, SHE HAD A CUTE SMILE, SO I ASKED HER NAME ♪
♪ ASKED HER NAME, ASKED HER NAME ♪
♪ WHEN WE GOT TO TALKING, SAID SHE FELT THE SAME ♪
♪ THAT SHE FELT THE SAME, FELT THE SAME ♪
♪ OH, EVERY TIME I SEE HER, I DO MY THING ♪
♪ WELL, NOW SHE'S BY MY SIDE WHERE SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ UH, SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ IT'S WHERE SHE WANTS TO BE ♪
♪ SHE'S COOKING US A CHICKEN WITH A JUG OF TEA ♪
♪ A JUG OF TEA ♪
- ♪ OH, YEAH ♪ - ♪ A JUG OF TEA ♪