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We choose to go to the moon!
CHEERING
We choose to go to the moon
in this decade and do the other
things, not because they are easy,
but because they are hard.
Liftoff, we have a liftoff. Liftoff on Apollo 11.
What a moment.
Man on the way to the moon.
SPEAKING IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES
That's one small step for Man, one giant leap for mankind.
Jesus Christ, look at that horizon.
It has a stark beauty all its own.
You're go to continue powered descent.
ALARM BLARES
Programme alarm.
Give us a reading on the 1202 programme alarm.
Houston.
The Eagle has landed.
Just for me, clean on tape, say, "I'm Neil Armstrong,
"spacecraft commander, Apollo 11."
I'm Neil Armstrong, Commander, Apollo 11.
Would you prefer Buzz or Edwin?
I'm Edwin E Aldrin Jr, lunar module pilot on the mission
Apollo 11.
Just look right at me and say, "I'm Michael Collins,
"command module pilot."
I'm Michael Collins, command module pilot,
Apollo 11.
The accomplishment that you expect to achieve is often compared
to that of Columbus.
How do you feel about such comparisons?
Columbus wasn't sure where he was going,
I very much hope that we won't terminate at someplace
that we didn't expect to, some planet that we hadn't
planned to visit.
The crew of Apollo 11 is unique.
Thanks very much, Buzz Aldrin.
I wasn't finished. Oh, oh, OK, OK.
Let's back up, whoa, whoa, whoa.
Additionally, they are unusual.
Do you want to start over?
No, I don't want to start over - do you?
LAUGHTER
And they also have another minor distinction,
they perhaps have been asked more questions than almost anybody
in the world.
Why are you going? Why are we sending men and not machines?
Do you expect to be able to sleep?
Do you feel that the public is putting too much hope
on this landing?
And it's not an easy chore for them to perform.
They are not naturally talkative men.
I don't know about you, but I'm staggered about going
to the moon, aren't you, fellas?
Do you think Nasa made a mistake not planning for the capability
of rescuing you, in case...
Your mission has been given an 80% chance of success.
What four events in the flight, in order if you can,
do you consider the most dangerous?
..do you think we are to use "if" a little more instead of saying
"when" you land on the moon...?
There's been speculation about what the first man on the moon
will say when he gets there.
Will you prepare something ahead of time?
This is CBS News, colour coverage of Man On The Moon.
Sponsored by Kellogg's. Kellogg's puts more in your morning.
Here, from CBS News, correspondent Walter Cronkite.
Good morning.
The astronauts are on board now.
Next stop for them, the moon.
The three astronauts are now in their tiny spacecraft on top
of this enormous rocket.
They have about 160 cubic feet in there,
which is about the size of the interior of a small automobile.
There is time, if only briefly in this busy morning,
to think of those three men, and the burdens and the hopes
that they carry on behalf of all mankind.
We are go for Apollo 11.
LOUD, INDISTINCT CHATTER
Our status board indicates the third stage completely pressurised.
All the second stage tanks now pressurised.
Power transfer is complete.
Apollo 11, the launch team wishes you good luck and Godspeed.
12, 11, 10, 9, ignition sequence starts,
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
Liftoff, we have a liftoff. Liftoff on Apollo 11.
Tower cleared.
ENGINE ROARS, METALLIC RATTLING
What a moment. I am on the way to the moon.
You get a feeling that people think of these men as
not just superior men, but as different creatures.
We really don't have a language to...to describe this thing.
What are the words you use?
How do you say "high as the sky" any more,
Or "the sky's the limit"? And what does it mean?
All right, how are you? Looking good, flight. GNC?
Looks good, flight. Looking good, flight. Roger.
Flight, how are you? We're go, flight.
Mark. Mark. Mode One Charlie. Go.
Light up. Go. Guidance. Go.
Houston, thrusters go, all engines are looking good.
Roger, Tower.
Neil Armstrong confirming both the engine skirt separation
and the launch escape tower separation.
Next critical moment will be when that second stage jettisons.
Apollo 11 go on all sources.
Apollo 11, this is Houston, predicted cut off at
11 plus 42. Over.
ENGINES ROAR
ROARING STOPS
Apollo 11, this is Houston. You are confirmed go for orbit.
Roger.
So this first, always dramatic and dangerous launch phase
has passed, and Apollo 11 is on the way.
This is the flight from which Man will first set foot on the moon.
We should almost glibly toss that line away now,
Man on the moon.
But, by golly, just think it over.
CBS News colour coverage of the launch day of Apollo 11
will continue in a moment.
HE CLEARS HIS THROAT
SHUTTER CLICKS
When the spacecraft has been thoroughly checked out
by the crew, the third stage fires again,
its speed now tearing it free from the grip of Earth's gravity.
This is Apollo Control, we expect the translunar injection
burn at two hours 44 minutes.
We confirm ignition, and the thrust is go.
We are waiting for word of the separation from the command
module going off on its own.
While coasting outward, the command service module separates
and docks for access to the lunar module.
And the empty third stage is left behind.
Apollo 11, this is Houston.
You're go for separation.
This next major function now is the command module coasting out
50 feet away.
The command module will turn around 180 degrees.
The command module will touch around and come back,
and with the nose end, come in and dock with the lunar module.
It's a very, very delicate and controlled task.
With the lunar module attached to their nose,
they'll be on the way on their three-day voyage
to the moon, and into the pages of history.
Apollo 11, Houston, all your systems look real good to us.
We will keep you posted.
We have seen something spectacular today.
Something we'll be telling our grandchildren about.
Something our great-grandchildren will undoubtably be undertaking
themselves on an excursion basis.
This is Walter Cronkite at CBS News at the Kennedy Space Center
in Florida.
11, this is Houston, if you are interested in the morning
news, I've got a summary here. Over.
Washington UPI - "Vice President Spiro T Agnew has called for
"putting a man on Mars by the year 2000,
"but Democratic leaders replied that priority must go
"to needs on Earth.
"Laredo, Texas, immigration officials in Nuevo Laredo announce
"that hippies will be refused tourists cards to enter Mexico
"unless they take a bath and get haircuts.
"London.
"The House of Lords was assured that a major American submarine
"would not, quote, 'damage or assault', unquote,
"the Loch Ness Monster."
Apollo 11's distance from the Earth is now 112,386 nautical miles.
Velocity 4,906 feet per second.
Roger, Apollo 11. Thank you much for the show, appreciate it,
thank you very much, out.
Apollo 11, this is Houston. Over.
Roger, I've got the morning news here. Over.
"In Corby, England, an Irishman named John Coyle has won the world's
"porridge eating championship by consuming 23 bowls
"of instant oatmeal."
Is he pretty good at that?
Roger.
It almost seems that Neil Armstrong's life was intended
to work out this way.
Before the moon, there was flying.
Armstrong was, needless to say, a hot pilot in the Navy.
He survived the only forced landing in the history
of the space programme.
And when a lunar training vehicle went out of control,
forcing him to bail out for the second time in his life,
a friend concluded he was either the best,
or the luckiest pilot around.
Anyone else paying attention would've concluded nothing
could stop him from flying to the moon.
Even more serious than Armstrong is Buzz Aldrin.
He is, by general agreement, the most brilliant of
the astronauts, though some of his colleagues have been known
to comment, they wished he didn't feel it necessary
to demonstrate his scholarship so often.
Typically, Aldrin trained for weeks underwater for his Gemini 12
spacewalk, determined that it would be the best ever attempted.
It was.
But Aldrin can be as cool in appraising himself
as he is in his relations with others.
Mike Collins has done everything Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
have done, but somehow it's not the same.
The son of a general, the nephew of another,
he graduated from West Point, but did not like
the military discipline.
He bailed out of a jet that was on fire,
but can't remember anything spectacular.
Collins says he loves flying, but you get the feeling
he could quit tomorrow.
In his only other flight, Gemini X, a combination
of circumstances forced him to cut short his spacewalk.
While the others talk flying, he prefers to discuss books,
wine or roses.
A man who has known all three astronauts says if he were forced
down on a remote island, he would want it to be with
Mike Collins, for the quality of his personality.
Another said he would prefer Buzz Aldrin,
because, with his intelligence, he would soon be converting sea
water to freshwater, and otherwise logically
attacking the problem.
But both agree that they would hope it would be with Neil Armstrong,
because somehow he would get them home.
This is Apollo Control.
Dr Hawkins reports, all indications are that the crew
is sleeping soundly.
The flight director has made a decision to not put in a call
to the crew and wake them.
Roger 11, reading you loud and clear now. Over.
Roger.
I guess it's turned into night up there early, hasn't it?
Well, there's a lot of us down here that would be willing to come along.
This is Apollo Control at 75 hours 26 minutes.
Apollo 11 is 966 miles from the moon.
Velocity 6,511 feet per second.
We are 23 minutes away from the LOI burn.
OK, Capcom, we are go for LOI.
I would like to remind you to enable the BD roll
on the auto RCS switches. Over.
That's affirmative, 11.
OK.
It's very quiet here in the control room.
Apollo 11, Apollo 11, this is Houston, how do you read?
Roger, hearing you the same now.
Could you repeat your burn status report?
The spacecraft is looking good to us on telemetry.
It is possible that the divine spark in Man will consume him in flames,
that the big brain will prove our ultimate flaw,
like the dinosaur's big body.
That the metal plaque that Armstrong and Aldrin expect to place
on the moon will become Man's epitaph.
But the future has never revealed itself, it is made it step-by-step,
moment by moment.
The next great moment is now at hand.
The world waits and the astronauts sleep.
Apollo 11, Apollo 11.
Good morning from the Black Team.
Apollo 11, Apollo 11.
Good morning from the Black Team.
Apollo 11, Apollo 11.
Good morning from the Black Team.
After having breakfast, the crew will have a rather busy day
today, including the first men landing on the moon.
Looks like it's going to be impossible to get away
from the fact that you guys are dominating all of
the news back here on Earth.
Among the large headlines concerning Apollo this morning
is one asking that you watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit.
An ancient legend says a beautiful Chinese girl,
called Chang-o, has been living there for 4,000 years.
It seems she was banished to the moon because she stole
the pill of immortality from her husband.
You might also look for her companion,
a large Chinese rabbit,
who is easy to spot, as he is always standing
on his hind feet in the shade of a cinnamon tree.
Roger, we copy.
You heard that report from Neil Armstrong,
they are now in the lunar module.
Flight director Gene Kranz is going around the control centre
now, talking to his flight controllers, reviewing status,
in preparation for making the go/no go decision for undocking.
Apollo 11, Houston, we are go for undocking. Over.
Houston, you're looking good for separation,
you are go for separation, Columbia. Over.
Say again the angles, though.
Roger. Pitch 212, yaw plus 37.
In about 25 seconds from now, the important burn of the descent
propulsion system engine of the lunar module will begin
slowing it down for the landing on the moon.
10% TCP.
Rog, 10%.
CRACKLING AND HISSING
This is Apollo Control, we've had loss of signal now.
SLOW BEEPING
That's affirmative.
ALARM BLARES
1202.
This landing is not just as simple as it sounds.
They've got to come in over some rather high features
before they make that set-down on a fairly flat point on the moon.
The most difficult part of the mission is the landing.
You have the manoeuvrability of a helicopter, so you can descend
vertically, look at the area, and finally, pick out that one spot
that is acceptable.
The hard part, of course, is to get that close,
and you have to commit to leaving, after all of this work,
and I think that pressure is probably the greatest amount
of pressure any crew will ever have.
We are now in the approach phase, everything looking good.
Roger, copy.
And just 14 miles to go, 4½ minutes is left in this era.
ALARM BLARES
1201 alarm. Same type, we're go, flight. OK, we're go.
Roger, we copy you.
35 degrees.
35 degrees. 750. Coming down to 23.
600 feet, down at 19.
Roger, Tranquility, we copy you on the ground.
You've got a bunch of guys about to turn blue,
we're breathing again, thanks a lot.
Oh, boy, Man on the moon.
Boy...
Wally, say something, I'm speechless.
I'm just trying to hold on to my breath.
That is really something.
Roger. Tranquility. Be advised there's lots of smiling faces
in this room and all over the world. Over.
Roger. It was a beautiful job, you guys.
Roger. We read you, Columbia.
He has landed, Tranquility Base,
Eagle is at Tranquility. Over.
Good show.
Well, this day has given us, Eric Sevareid,
I guess our biggest story,
nothing compares with this, I don't think.
I think, Walter, sometimes it's easier to be an active
participant in world-shaking things like this than an observer
who can only sit. At least it's easier on the nerve ends,
the thing that got us all downstairs in another office watching this,
in those last few minutes and seconds, was the steadiness
of those voices, of those two men.
And as an old-fashioned humanist, that seemed, to me, a little
reassuring that in those last second, the human hand
and eye had to take over from the computer, if I understood exactly
what was going on in that lunar module.
Sitting here, I really was quite speechless,
I don't think that's happened in my life.
As a matter of fact, Armstrong's words were as eloquent
as you could ask.
"The Eagle has landed." The Eagle has landed.
What more could you say? No more, no more.
What do you think of Man's landing on the moon?
It was just profound.
Man has stepped off this planet, and I'm proud to be an American
and an earthling.
What was the reaction where you were?
What does it mean to you?
This is one moment I want to share with the American people.
Yugoslavia, in fact, has adopted the three American
astronauts as its own heroes.
What's your reaction? What are your thoughts? How about you, sir?
I am very proud to be a member of generation
of this historical moment.
I think this is a great day for Americans.
I think maybe Mars might be next.
Who knows?
Buzz Aldrin and his co-pilot, Neil Armstrong, they've been on
the moon for over two hours now, and Buzz Aldrin did take something
with him today, most unusual, he took a part
of the communal bread loaf from his church along with him
so that, at his evening meal tonight, Sunday,
he will, in a sense, share Communion with the people
of his church.
Tranquility, you can go ahead.
Roger, Tranquility Base.
And the least we can do is to accede to the request from the hero
conquerors of space, Armstrong and Aldrin,
to pause for a moment, and contemplate the last few hours,
and give thanks in our own way.
CBS News colour coverage of the epic journey of Apollo 11 will continue
in a moment.
We will get word from the spacecraft,
that they intend to depressurise the cabin, and open the hatch
in about 15 minutes from now.
We are approaching one of the critical moments,
and Neil Armstrong's father did say that he hoped that his son
would have something to say on the surface of the moon.
He said, "I hope he'll say something that unites the world."
Neil Armstrong's mother said that, however,
"Maybe he will be so thrilled, he won't have any words at all."
Move.
Buzz, this is Houston, radio check, and to verify TV circuit breaker in.
Man, we're getting a picture on the TV.
There's a foot going down.
There he is, there's a foot coming the steps.
OK, Neil, we can see you coming down the ladder now.
That's one small step for Man...
..one giant leap for mankind.
Armstrong is on the moon.
38-year-old American, standing on the surface of the moon.
Wow.
Neil, this is Houston, we're copying.
Boy, look at those pictures.
Oh, thank you, television, for letting us watch this one.
Isn't this something?
Roger, Neil, we are reading you loud and clear.
CHATTER
I'm going to leave that one foot up there and...
Ready for the camera?
Why don't you turn around and let them get a view from there
and see what the field of view looks like.
Neil, this is Houston, we would like you to aim
it a little bit more to the right. Over.
OK.
OK, that looks good, Neil.
Now they are collecting now, the samples.
We've got about another hour and five minutes of extra vehicular
activity before the hatch is closed.
I think all of us on Earth probably feel the same way.
There will never be a day like this again, in any of our histories.
Roger.
Columbia, this is Houston. Over.
Neil and Buzz, the President of the United States
would like to say a few words to you. Over.
All right, go ahead, Mr President.
Hello, Neil and Buzz.
I'm talking to you by telephone from the Oval Room at the White House.
And this certainly has to be the most historic telephone call
I've ever made.
And as you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquility...
..it inspires us to redouble our efforts to bring peace
and tranquillity to Earth.
And thank you very much, and I look forward to seeing
you on the Hornet on Thursday.
Roger.
In the foreground, Buzz Aldrin is collecting
a core tube sample.
Tranquility Base, this is Houston.
Tranquily Base, this is Houston. Over.
We want to make sure we check the breakers.
Just one quickie.
Mike, this is serious, really, if I can ask.
How would you feel if you had to come home alone?
Terrible.
Really.
We are keeping tuned now to Mission Control,
and Houston has a go-through of checking out
the spacecraft systems before men LEAVE the moon for the first time.
Roger, go ahead.
OK, on surface 57 there on your verb 21 noun 73,
trunnion leave it at 180.
The shaft, we'd like...
Roger.
700, 150 up, beautiful.
The upper stage of the Eagle lifts off,
leaving behind the now-useless landing stage,
and swings into orbit to dock with Columbia once again.
1,000 feet high, 80 feet per second vertical rise.
Oh, boy, hot diggity dog.
They are off and running now. Yes, sir.
Armstrong and Aldrin.
You're looking good.
They are just short of 24 hours on the moon's surface,
on the way back now to rendezvous with Mike Collins orbiting.
This is Apollo Control.
Communications are somewhat scratchy with Apollo 11.
Columbia and Eagle now reunited to become Apollo 11,
again.
When the crew and moon samples are transferred to the command
service module, the lunar module is discarded.
30 seconds now until loss of signal, we've had a last status check
from the flight director, and all around the room,
the word is go.
Apollo 11, Houston, you are a go for TEI. Over.
Now, at this point, we are waiting as Mission Control
and as the whole world, for this word, that behind the moon,
out of touch with the Earth, the astronauts of Apollo 11
have successfully fired the engine for the trans-Earth injection.
They are on the edge of their seats, just as you and I are.
Roger, we've got you coming home.
They are on the way home.
Hallelujah!
PIANO PLAYS SOFTLY
We're always going to feel somehow strangers to these men.
They've peered into another life we can't follow.
SINGING
He said it was "pretty", the scene he saw on the moon.
Somehow they found a strange beauty there that I suppose they can never
really describe to us.
MUSIC
CLICK, MUSIC STOPS
Apollo 11, lined up right down the middle of the entry corridor.
As it approaches the re-entry speed of nearly 25,000 mph,
the service module drops away.
The command module, Columbia, is all that remains of the original
3,000 tonnes of rocket, fuel, and cargo.
The command module now plunges into the atmosphere,
protected by its heat shield.
Apollo 11, Houston, you are still looking mighty fine
here, you are cleared for landing.
Roger. Copy.
Velocity 34,630 feet per second.
Range to go to splash, 1533 nautical miles.
Apollo 11, Houston through ARIA 4.
Hornet reports a sonic boom a short time ago.
Apollo 11, Houston, in the blind, Air-Boss has a visual contact.
Apollo 11, Houston, through ARIA, standing by. Over.
Maximum G-force should be just about now.
We are seeing this glowing re-entry, like a comet coming back
to the Earth's atmosphere.
We are getting nothing from Mission Control,
or from the spaceship.
Come on, Houston, give us the word.
Hot dog, Apollo 11 has made it.
They're back from the moon.
Astronauts Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins
landing in the Pacific Ocean, southwest of Hawaii.
APPLAUSE
Houston, Tranquility. Over.
Neil is now unveiling the plaque.
Here, men from the planet Earth, first set foot upon the moon.
We came in peace for all mankind.
July 1969, AD.
To find out more about Apollo 11, and examine moon rocks collected
by the astronauts using a virtual microscope, go to...
..and follow the links to the Open University.
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