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[announcer] There is beef.
There are pigs and ham.
There are sheep.
Meat and eggs help the body grow and make it strong.
[audio slows down, stops] Meat is good for you...
[man] It's like... meat, meat, meat, meat and meat and more meat.
And humans, they like meat!
[man 2] It feels like nonstop.
E. coli, salmonella, sick people,
and I'm sure some people died because of it.
[newswoman] Eating processed meat can cause cancer.
[man over phone] We can ensure consumers that our beef is safe.
[newswoman] Mice, foxes, even minks
cheating is sold as beef or mutton.
[journalist] Meat consumption increases
in many countries despite warnings.
[man] This is a big elephant in a room that no one talks about.
[man 2] Very delicious.
[newswoman] Livestock contribute more to climate change than cars.
[reporter] Amazon's 1.8 million acres is Cut every year,
75% is associated with expansion of cattle farms.
[journalist] Maybe one of the most surprising things about factory farms it's almost there nobody's paying attention to them.
[woman] Is this some kind of culture war now?
ΓÖ¬
[male narrator] Meat.
For most of us, that and that
an integral part of the diet.
But recently, the meat has disappeared the status of the myth.
Never been a symbol of prosperity and power,
meat consumption has become problematic,
for the planet and for ourselves.
Eating steaks or burgers is no longer fancy,
and we get more and more disconnections from where our meat actually comes from.
Meat-free diets grow trends in Western countries.
Although this is not a new idea,
Vegetable diets become increasingly popular in Germany.
This makes me wonder what the world will be like we are no longer eating animals.
So I left to connect with the pioneers from the vegan revolution in Germany,
meet with researchers
check the effect of the plant-based diet,
traveling to the first vegetarian city in the world,
learn about the life of the saved animals,
talking to philosophers and lawyers
work to have it the interests of animals are considered,
and talking with scientists developing meat free future food.
But first, I want to learn more about the origin of meat
and our care from livestock.
[man] Well, first of all, I grew up being taught
that domestication is another animal
is an extraordinary thing for humanity and a great thing for animals.
But over time, I came to study was actually a lie,
that other animals were captured, they were enslaved,
they are biologically manipulated.
I think they were spotted.
In my work, I refer to to practice it as "domesecration."
Once domesecration the other animal starts,
men go up to their backs and they start going away,
they start using other horses as a tool for war and violence,
robbing more settled people
and killing people, _ enslaving them.
So, for example, when it's European
invaded America, they could only invade it
through the use of horses as a tool of war
and cows and pigs and sheep as laborers and as rations,
and they need land to grow more animals,
to facilitate further invasion.
Become suppression from other animals
very entangled with fate indigenous peoples,
because more land they are needed for livestock,
the more people are killed, their land is taken.
Once they clear the land, then they develop the railroad track
and start transporting these animals back to the city like Chicago and Cincinnati.
A large slaughterhouse starts to develop,
then the marketing company starts to develop,
and feed companies are starting to develop,
and the bank starts to get their share,
and retail organizations are starting to grow and then fast food the organization appears.
Then we see the formation
this animal industrial complex.
There is extraordinary political power, ideological power,
and economic strength,
and they keep driving
increased consumption,
all to collect profits for those in the industry.
I see...
domesecration has been terrible for the world and other animals,
and it's time we start stopping it and changing the course of world history.
[Narrator] This is me at the age of nine
meeting a cow for the first time.
And here I am will eat a cow.
At that time, I didn't know where the meat on my plate came from,
and I wonder now why is it taking so long
to start asking what, or exactly who, I'm eating.
[pig snorts, squeals]
[woman] That's the worst part of my job.
I have to come and go.
I have to enter and take pictures and witnesses and experiences horror and pain, but I have to go.
And they can't leave.
I can complain about, you know,
the smell in my clothes and the camera months later,
but, like, they are in it all the time, that's their life.
That's the only thing they experience in life, this.
This is where they live and this is where they will die,
except when they use transportation and go to slaughter.
Amazing.
But these things happen behind the wall
in the dark, terrible, smell place,
where no one is allowed to enter,
where we were put in prison, we were arrested,
we are billed if we enter these places.
There is a reason for that.
This is to protect business because business will fail if we know.
The way I influence change, too, is storytelling.
People remember emotions and stories
more often than they remember statistics,
so I tell stories about individuals I have met all over the world.
Bears saved from bile bear farms,
the pig saved from the farm.
Show photos Julia the pig, Sonny the calf,
and Miracle the bear.
You can hear the pin drop when I have this conversation,
and they lean forward in their seats
and they got engaged and that's because it's storytelling.
And then they go and they share these stories.
Um, so everything gets worse in some places,
but they get better in many places too.
We see meat eating growing in certain countries,
but we see it decreasing in other countries.
We see the law changing, very much in Europe.
Better welfare law and all kinds of "improvement,"
but then enforcement is a problem.
I have visited many farms where the law has changed two, three years ago,
and farmers have not implemented anything yet because of fines cheaper
instead of having to reformat their entire farm.
[man] So I went undercover in an industrial slaughterhouse
because I am interested in in the sense
how big is the process hard work
in what we call modern civilized society.
Slaughterhouses, mostly,
located far from urban areas.
They are in rural areas where most urban consumers
You will never have to deal with what happened inside them.
They are also socially hidden.
We delegate work to kill to a group of people
who have very few rights.
We also hid it linguistically, right?
Steers becomes steak and beef becomes a hamburger.
We hide places of violence.
We hide places of ugliness, so that we can continue to live
as if they were not there, while still relying on them
on their products in our daily lives.
Two months of my fieldwork,
six livestock escaped from slaughterhouses
the way from this one which I worked on.
Three of them were made run immediately
for parking lots Saint Francis of Assisi Catholic Church.
These cows were captured and taken back to the slaughterhouse,
but one of the cows is running down the main road in Omaha
and then turn into the alley.
The escape occurred during the afternoon break
for slaughterhouses which I work on,
and me and some other slaughterhouse workers
supervised Omaha Police Department
chasing this cow into the alley
which ends at the chain fence bordering our slaughterhouse.
And when the police failed to lead him to a trailer,
they fired at him with a gun and killed him.
And the next day, the newspaper in Omaha
displays this escape and kills on the front page,
under the heading "Freedom is fleeting for livestock on plant escape."
And in the lunch room in the slaughterhouse,
workers express feelings hatred and anger
on the murder from this one animal.
"They shot him like they shot an unarmed man
from Mexico last year,"
Julio, one of the qualities control workers say.
And then the lunch period ends,
and we all returned to our place on the murder floor where we start killing 1,250 other animals
for the rest of the day.
[Narrator] Social media radically changes information distribution.
Images and videos highlighted the fate of livestock
now reaches global audience
who are increasingly looking for transparency and knowledge
around the source their food.
Video by Toronto Pig activist Save Anita Krajnc is making headlines around the world
when he was billed for giving water to thirsty pigs
on a hot day outside a Toronto slaughterhouse.
Toronto Pig Save and sister group is about giving testimony.
And that's the idea when there is injustice in your community,
You must be present and be there and try to help.
So, for animals, darkest places are slaughterhouses.
So Toronto Pig Save holds guard outside the slaughterhouse.
[woman] Here comes the truck!
[woman] I know, baby!
I love you.
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- [Hydraulic truck hissing] - [pig cry]
[pig snorts]
[pig snorts and squeals]
ΓÖ¬
[Anita] I think a lot of people feel hopeless before, say,
"Oh, that will never change. People will not stop eating meat."
And then they see these people just in case says, "This is wrong, stop this."
They find it very empowering and encouraging.
I think if more people testify directly,
it will change it, and they will not participate
in the violence against these animals if they see the animals directly.
I have no doubt about that.
[clattering]
[narrator] When in Toronto, I found someone else
that changes heart and mind
and has many followers on social media.
The name is Esther the Wonder Pig.
One for you.
[man] The story behind Esther is interesting.
He was very unplanned and last minute additions to our family.
We were cheated, you know.
We are under the impression that he is a mini pig.
And, you know, man, there's nothing mini about him.
[man 2] We fell in love in a pretty crazy way.
Thoughts of getting rid of he's scary.
That's really annoying.
I mean, we both know behind our minds that we will become on one uneven road.
We don't know it will happen becomes a 500 pound road.
Yes, I mean, but we love everything.
You know, he can use 500 more pounds and he is still accepted to do what he wants.
You know, he's part family,
and it's not his fault he got that big.
We created a Facebook page
and that's just photos of Esther that are fun,
then we throw it to our family and friends,
and in one day there are hundred likes,
and we are like, whoa, like a hundred.
The next day 300 and the next day is 500,
1,000, 2,000, 8,000, it just started running like clockwork.
And that's at 8,000... 8,000 likes.
We wake up and our phone is maximized.
Someone in Hong Kong has sent us text.
He said, "You entered Hong Kong's biggest newspaper."
That's the moment that I'm like,
"Wow, like, what is happening?"
ΓÖ¬
[keyboard clacking]
You have this lightbulb moment.
We have a lightbulb moment when we cook meat on the stove,
and five pounds Esther on our feet,
waiting for something to fall from the stove,
and I'm like, "Oh, my goodness," that just happened.
- It's like this light bulb. - Can't do this.
Like, that's just, that's a crazy moment,
and, um...
we never eat meat after that.
[Steve] That's all he is. This is all of his.
He has this amazing ability to enter your head.
That's what happened all over,
You know, around us, globally.
Worldwide.
We hear from people all over the world.
Yes, one of the most amazing signs of intelligence Usually he will go to the kitchen
and he will open the door, try to take out the food,
and only causes chaos, so he gets into trouble every time, of course.
And in a few weeks, You will walk into the kitchen,
You will find the closet door open and there is nothing wrong.
What is that? And you will find a basket on the floor,
and what happened, you know?
And finally we found out One day he entered.
He opens the closet and then he leaves the room
and just leave it for one minute,
and then he returns again a second later
and he will come out whatever food he wants,
but he will leave it on the floor, and then he leaves again.
Then the third time, he will go to the kitchen,
take food and then run out of the kitchen,
down the hall to the bedroom with whatever he stole.
Uh, and, I mean, in our minds is it
breaking it down into individual steps and individual processes,
increases your chances of success, right?
He is silent. He will come back and...
[Crane] Look at us. Just to like it, "Oh, that's normal, everything is fine."
Gives you the wrong understanding security,
and then re-enter and only chaos occurs.
[keyboard clacking]
As hard as that, is the most valuable
and you know, extraordinary experience
I think we once had and maybe there will ever be.
Who will live with a pig like that
and have that experience?
I mean, that's amazing, it's amazing.
[hissing]
[woman] More than human history, meat becomes
this food is to be shared and for celebration.
This is why during celebrations, is usually in most cultures,
You have meat at the center, as the center.
You have a Thanksgiving turkey for example, in the United States.
Meat is always important in that way.
It has become so ingrained in our tradition in feelings like this similarity,
sharing with others, that's all difficult to let go of also for that reason,
because if you say no to Thanksgiving turkey,
it also says, by the way, not for your tradition, for your family, to your friends.
Surely the culture changes slowly.
You see the meat industry puts a lot of marketing and advertisements and so on to maintain all this kind of symbolism
that meat, he lives, especially, for example, for masculinity.
[Narrator] Land from bratwurst and schnitzel
famous for that heavy dependence on meat.
Germans eat about 60 kilograms,
or around 132 pounds, meat each, every year.
But scandals like mad cow disease
and incorrectly labeled horse meat
has caused a loss of confidence in the industry.
Climate change also as a recurring image
animal abuse in factory farms
caused a public debate about animals on our plates,
and suddenly the plant-based diet is a newfound interest.
Presented to health-conscious audiences,
promised vegan cookbook weight loss and health benefits
popping up on the best-selling list,
attracts attention from mainstream media and so on.
Plants are no longer a side dish
but creative and healthy main dishes.
Many vegan restaurants have cut across the country
and many more added the vegan option.
Supermarkets are stock vegan products
and the number vegan cookbook
has grown exponentially,
from only 23 in 2012
up to 220 in 2016.
With the highest number vegan restaurant
and pioneered by the world's first 100% vegan supermarket chain,
Berlin has become the vegan capital of Europe.
[wrappers crackling]
Mmm!
[narrator] I wondered how it was done vegan explosion in Germany
has affected producers to know the biggest and alternative meat in Europe:
Tofutown, previously named Viana.
[narrator] "Sausages cigarettes of the future."
This quote from the CEO Rugenwalder Muhle,
a traditional sausage manufacturer in Germany,
causes an uproar in the world of meat.
In IFFA, the number one international fair trade for the meat industry,
I hope to find out whether this is true where this sector is heading.
[narrator] We live for some time
where our impact on the planet has become very destructive that, similar to the other forces of nature,
humanity has become global geophysical power itself.
Scientists call this period the Anthropocene,
human age.
As long as we are relatively short time on Earth,
we have made an mark on our climate, our land,
our air and our oceans.
That is a sign that we continue to make it every day
and what will be felt for the next generation.
Every year we breed, lift and kill 56 billion livestock.
This system is responsible
for 18% greenhouses gas emissions,
uses one third of all fresh water,
occupies 45% of the total land area of the Earth,
has destroyed 70% of the Amazon rainforest,
and has become the greatest threat to biodiversity.
And while 11% of the world population suffers from malnutrition,
we feed half of world wheat
for animals scheduled to be slaughtered.
So what happens if meat disappears from the planet?
How can the end of meat affect the planet, animals,
and our own lives?
Global population projected
grew to almost 10 billion in 2050.
When nations urbanize and citizens get richer,
they consume more resource-intensive food,
like meat and milk,
intensify already very large load
in our ecosystem, animals, our health,
and maybe especially climate.
The most common indicators
for the great impact of humans on the environment
is an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
In London, I want to learn more about that relationship
between meat and our climate.
[woman] Here at Chatham House we have worked on meat consumption
and climate change and the interaction between the two
for about two years now.
We recognize that livestock sector
is the main driver climate change but one is often ignored.
So we want to try and explore why that happened
and what can be done to try and overcome this awareness gap
in what we call inertia cycle,
where the government does not take action on a very important issue.
We found in our survey from 12 countries
that 83% of participants, respondents,
recognize that human activity is the main driver of climate change,
but only 30% know that the livestock sector is the main driver.
That's very striking because we know
that the livestock sector contributes 15% greenhouse gas emissions,
which is roughly the equivalent of to every vehicle on the planet,
so we talk about the main source here
where people are not aware.
We don't learn about climate impacts food production in schools,
we don't see it from day to day in the mainstream media.
Without tackling global excessive meat consumption,
we will definitely see a dangerous level of climate change,
we will face supply shocks more often,
becomes a situation where plants fail
and we have less food supply than we might expect.
[Narrator] In early 2016,
research team from Oxford University
releasing studies on climate and health benefits from various diets.
The response of the media throughout the world is very large.
This is the first global study that predicts what will happen
if we stop eating meat and animal products altogether.
[man] Previous research mostly looked
on environmental benefits changes in diet.
We follow the example of three diet scenarios,
a suitable diet for global diet guidelines.
Above this, we apply two vegetarian scenarios,
one normal lakto-ovo vegetarian scenario
and one vegan scenario, which does not include animal products.
Continuing our food from now until 2050
will mean a large increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
We project that greenhouse gas Emissions will increase
around 50%.
If people change from the diet they expect for global diet guidelines,
then greenhouse gas emissions
can be reduced
about one third.
If people leave
for a vegetarian diet,
it will increase
about two thirds,
and then if people leave
to the vegan diet,
which will result in a reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions
around 70%,
be more than two thirds.
So the main results from our study
is it a step for more plant-based diets
can reduce greenhouse gas emissions
up to two thirds
and the results are reduced climate damage
and reduce expenses
for health care service $ 1.5 trillion.
So, this will pass directly through your digestive tract...
[man] If a doctor practices medicine in the West,
in developed countries,
most patients we see
and the litany of diseases they brought in.
the result is of them running high fat,
high animal protein, high sugar food flow
through their bloodstream and their tissues,
hour after hour, day after day.
We used to think that food only carries calories
for energy and protein for the use of structural buildings,
but we now know that food carries information.
Turns genes on and turns off genes,
genes that stabilize your network,
which suppresses cancer growth, which suppresses inflammation,
and that's what happened All plant foods do,
compared to animal foods which stimulates growth hormones
and the process that promotes cancer growth,
which is an oxidizing agent which damages our tissue.
Oh, I thought about today when all Americans, all people around the world, are eating a plant-based diet.
A large number of people are sick in our country
will decrease quickly.
The trillions of dollars we spend only treat their symptoms,
no surgery was done and the stent was not placed
and the scan is not ordered,
the economy actually has to encourage this change in consciousness too.
So there are many positive things convergent power.
I just hope we have enough time for this there is widespread knowledge to sink
and followed up by quite a lot of people.
[Springmann] The findings of our study relating to health are that,
if people change their diet
for diets that will be in line with global diet guidelines,
then around five million
can be saved.
If people leave
for a vegetarian diet,
it will increase
up to seven million people are saved,
and if they go to a vegan diet,
it will increase
up to eight million people are saved.
So almost all majors, um... territories and countries
can expect big savings due to changes in diet.
We do believe that the government has the main role to play
by forming a food environment that we all enter,
for example by giving mandates labeling food,
taxes, for example, food in terms of for their greenhouse gas emissions,
which will drive consumption
from the environment more sustainable food
and reduce consumption very emit greenhouse gas food,
like animal products.
[narrator] When I was researching
effects of meat consumption about biodiversity,
I found a quote that stuck with me.
"You eat steak, you kill lemurs in Madagascar.
You eat chicken, you kill the Amazon parrot. "
That is a comment made by a researcher
on a study of habitat destruction
for animal pastures and feeding plants. I met with the author of a newspaper in Miami, Florida.
[man] Right now, is a mass extinction,
it's called sixth mass extinction. year,
we are at an accelerated level, about a thousand times
what is natural background level.
[chirruping insects]
[birds call]
biodiversity, this is structure of life
This is a large collection of animals and plants
that is on this planet we hardly understand now.
Tropical countries are covered with in this biodiversity.
This is very important for us to protect it,
not only because of what we know about that now
but because of what we don't know about that.
We need to keep that for future generations
so that they find and understand
and developing beneficial products for humans but also only for the right to life there is and develops and develops in the future.
The strongest force driving extinction around the world is consumption of animal products therefore it is responsible for destruction
more habitats around the world
than other human activities.
If we look at the Amazon, which is the largest tropical forest in the world? it's the heart of biodiversity.
More than 75% of all deforested landed in Amazon has been cut to produce livestock,
It is good to directly put livestock in the grasslands that grow there instead of forests,
or planting soybeans or corn which are fed to livestock
and currently sent to the whole world to feed livestock in other countries.
So the destruction of Amazon has been encouraged by animal products consumption, period.
If everyone on this planet becomes vegan,
which will free up a very large amount of land to be used for other resources.
So one thing that can be done is to restore habitat
to traditional natural ecosystems, connects them together,
creates a corridor between endangered habitat.
At the same time, it can allow for the development of biofuels on the property too
so that we can become more _ from a carbon neutral society.
There are many innovations that can happen
on the property if we attract meat consumption
and meat production from that land.
[Narrator] A diet rich in meat will need a 50% increase
in the area of global agricultural land in 2050.
If the world becomes vegan in 2050, we will need less agricultural land
than we did in 2000.
This will allow us to reforest an area around size of the entire Amazon rainforest.
Grasslands cover a quarter of our global land mass.
Bill Ripple, an ecologist from the University of Oregon,
is researching what happened to the grasslands
when animals no longer graze.
[Ripple] On Mount Hart National Wildlife Refuge,
managers removed all livestock in 1990.
We found a decrease of 90% in the amount of vacant land.
We found an increase in willow.
The increase is 388%, so it's significant
because willow is an important indicator of biodiversity for these watersheds,
because there are many species plants and animals
correlates with abundance
from Willow and Aspen.
It's about 70 centimeters of aspen diameter trees,
originated in the 1800s,
before the cattle arrive on Mount Hart.
I think the importance of Mount Hart is here
therefore a rare case where we have been documented
what happens when cattle are removed from the landscape,
what happens when cattle are removed from the watershed.
Today, farm uses a large percentage
from ground level,
and if it can be changed for more natural uses,
I think biodiversity will increase in those cases
where there is less grazing, less crop production.
ΓÖ¬
[narrator] One of the countries
that is often displayed in my research is India.
In a few years, that will happen
the most densely populated country on Earth.
I keep on wondering, what is the community like?
when 32% of the population are vegetarian?
400 million shocking people in India don't eat any meat.
Followed by 80% of the population,
Hinduism is a department Indian religion.
Hindus advocate nonviolence and respect all life,
embracing vegetarianism.
Culturally, we have what I like to call it mild indifference to animals,
that's the reason you see animals around you when you live.
You have all of your birds not shot down.
You have a dog, of course, You have a cow.
Your monkey is in the cities, you know.
We see ourselves more as a whole,
where there is a place for all other natural elements too.
- [pedestrians chatting] - [horn honking]
[Narrator] Cows in India are a common sight.
About 50 million wild animals and wild dogs
roaming the streets of India looking for food.
After the provider for the family,
cows are now seen by Hindus as mothers,
men and women are as holy for their generosity.
Cow slaughter is prohibited in most parts of India.
Offenders may face up to ten years in prison.
[women] People think that Indians treat cows as sacred animals,
but the reality is far from that.
India is apparently the biggest milk producer in the world,
it is not surprising that India is also the biggest beef exporter and the fifth largest exporter of leather products.
Because of the ban on slaughtering cows,
milk owners use buffalo, because, of course, buffalo
is exempt from this law.
[horn horn]
There is another very small part of the milk owner who really left their animals on the road.
Now, one strange thing, that this concept
leave animals free on the road
much better than animals are in a milk factory,
but they do not have access to food and water,
so they have no choice but to find food in the trash.
Most of these items are disposable
dumped in bound plastic bag.
These animals can't open the bag
so they can't help it eat this bag
along with the food in it.
[woman] In urban youth, will go to all these colleges,
even in this way companies come to India
and sort of targeting youth,
non-vegetable consumption must increase
among urban elite youth who thinks it's cool or hip
to sort consume non-vegetables, to say that,
"Oh, I am open minded and liberal
and say I can do it non-veg, that's right."
[Sharma] As a middle class income grows
with economic growth,
that's when consumption luxury goods increases,
and cheese and milk and more eggs and meat,
including exotic meat all are part of that continuum.
If we can survive steadily
non-vegetarian growth rates, it will be a big win.
[Narrator] Palitana, a city in the state of Gujarat
in northern India, made headlines in 2014
as the first vegetarian city In the world.
Also known as as a temple city,
Palitana is one of the most sanctuaries for Jain,
ancient religion is said to be even older than Buddhism.
[Indian instruments playing]
[speaking foreign languages]
Jain Dharma believes in in nonviolence.
Without birds, without animals, no insects,
no human must be harmed.
Every and every living thing has the right to live.
You live and let others live.
One hundred years...
many slaughterhouses are permitted.
That's why it's our job to stop them.
If they aren't Jain, then what?
This is a holy place.
You cannot kill every living thing.
You cannot harm them.
[News announcer speaks foreign language]
[Maharaj] All monks from Palitana, we went to fast.
If the government of Gujarat
will not stop slaughter, then we will sacrifice our lives
for animals.
I announce, "If you want meat,
we will donate our meat, our own flesh."
You cut us, you kill us.
So you eat our meat. You eat our body.
[narrator] Vegetarian zone was founded in 1999,
two kilometers along the main road to the temple hill.
In an area of 250 meters to each side, meat sales,
fish and eggs are prohibited by law.
The aim of the monks is to build a bigger zone within a nine kilometer radius around the city.
All butchers, we took the meeting here.
Around 80 to 90 _ butchers come here.
So we gave them the choice that whatever your needs are,
we will help you.
We give them money to change their profession.
[men who speak foreign languages]
[Narrator] The former butchers,
which now has food and clothing stores,
don't want to talk in front of the camera,
but they deny having it received compensation and said they felt embarrassed from their previous profession.
Muslim community, which is responsible for 25% of the city population compared to only 3% Jain, not happy with the ban
and consider their religious freedom has been violated.
When I found the backyard slaughterhouse,
the meat has been sold
and leftovers are fed for dogs.
Butchers are suspicious and reluctant to talk,
similar to city officials who refer me to the district headquarters in Bhavnagar.
[Maharaj] We believe in to God Adinath immediately
all Palitana, holy city, zone vegetarian,
vegetarian city.
And it's not just Palitana.
My wish is
that whatever the mission goes from Palitana,
it must be intact, towards the whole world.
The whole world should be vegetarian.
[narrator] In Mumbai, I want to learn more about Jainism
and related with Pramoda Chitrabhanu, a Jain vegan.
I met him in the Malabar Hill district,
one of the most luxurious residential areas in Mumbai
and exclusively vegetarian environment.
Ahimsa is the center of this philosophy
because in 599 BC, Lord Mahavira,
who is the last apostle Jain religion,
he said that is ignoring and disrespectful existence of life on earth, water, fire, air,
vegetation, and all life forms,
ignore and disrespect own existence
because all life is intertwined with each other.
The best way to stop these people eat meat
going through education.
Education is the only way.
I don't think so by stopping and burning the slaughterhouse, all of that.
And to stop that, someone has to come out
and educate them, talk with them,
make them understand why we talk about this,
make them understand that animals are not commodities.
[Narrator] My experience in India made me wonder
what our city and community can look like
if we no longer see animals as commodities.
In Leipzig, I met with artist Hartmut Kiewert,
who dream of very different things the way to live with animals.
[snorting pigs]
[Narrator] During my research, I found "Zoopolis,"
a term that describes the environment
where humans and animals not only live side by side
but also develops side by side.
[woman] The idea of Zoopolis emerged from that idea
urban theory, ideas about cities and how cities work,
really just about people,
and when I started thinking, "Well, who actually lives in the city?"
it's clear, and it's clear,
there are many non-humans who live in cities,
so I want to make what I call the urban transspecies theory,
and also transspecies urban practice
where is the environment built professional...
Environmental designers, architects, planners,
landscape architect, engineer...
Actually thinking about it is a nonhuman population of cities
and human population and their needs.
But I think that raises questions
how do you enter animals
democratically decision to make a process,
in citizenship discourse,
in a way that makes...
needs and wants and desires part of the conversation?
[narrator] Two Canadian philosophers
changing the concept of Zoopolis into a radical claim,
will be considered so far our fellow citizens.
While most of the rights are animal philosophers
calls for the separation of world humans and animals,
Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson believe
that the shared world is possible.
[Donaldson] If we look around outside the window here,
we see all kinds of animals that make their homes
in our cities, our community, our home,
and ideas that we can somehow live apart from animals
and avoid domination and such exploits
really not realistic.
[Kymlicka] Yes, so we distinguish three categories,
or three broad patterns, relationship.
So pets we think should be seen as
members of our community,
and the way that we affirm membership is through citizenship.
So we have to think pets as our citizens,
and that means, like other citizens,
they will have the right to protect from danger right to health care,
right to politics representative
to have their interests taken into account.
And, of course, the right to stay here and residency rights.
The second category concerns animals that continue to live
apart from humans in their own habitat.
So there isn't much of the wilderness left in this world,
we continue to conquer and colonize,
so we recognize the rights of territory
and the right wild animal
to live independently in their area.
And in political theory, we bundle these rights for territory and autonomy
under the idea of sovereignty,
so we have to think wild animals
has sovereignty rights
for themselves and their territory.
And the third category,
which in some cases is the least studied,
the most theorized in animal rights debates,
concerning uncommitted animals that live among us.
So, urban wildlife, to simplify it.
Crows, doves, ducks, mice,
squirrel.
So in our view, we need to recognize
that these animals live among us,
and they have it residency rights
and we need to learn to live side by side.
So they have rights to be accommodated in this shared room.
But it's a loose type of relationship
rather than citizenship, and we call it "humiliation".
So, all this time has committed to that idea
that we will go to live together
with at least some pets,
what we want is a way of framing the relationship
which burdens us an obligation be responsive to them,
for animals, and that is what we see as citizenship.
[narrator] It's hard to imagine it the world with animals as our fellow citizens.
But there is already a small community
where this idea does not appear is too far from reality.
German writer and activist Hilal Sezgin
moved from city to rural
and accidentally adopts a flock of sheep.
[quack duck]
[harrumphs]
[keyboard clacking]
[Steve] Hmm, he should be for a family walk.
ΓÖ¬
[Narrator] I heard that others have traded life in the suburbs for the countryside.
Esther the Wonder Pig.
Through crowd-funding campaign,
Steve, Derek and Esther established a farm shelter
outside Toronto.
[Crane] So great Ever Esther Ranch Sanctuary is 50 hectares,
and half of it is leveled and the other half is fields.
We have Indiegogo fundraising campaign,
and in 60 days, we collected $ 450,000.
So this is a forest paddock.
And... this is someone living in a dream.
- [Steve chuckles] - This is Leonard.
There is a gate there that allows him to enter the area
from the back of the warehouse and to the warehouse, so that he can go wherever he wants.
You know, pigs in the wild will travel six to eight miles a day.
The second we open the gate for big pigs coming into the forest,
they are like, "What?" You know, "This is amazing!"
I like to see pigs in just cold forests,
like Esther when she walks through the forest.
He is only in the element, He is very happy.
The idea behind a refuge is to let the animal be themselves.
This is really neat to see an animal comes here alone,
You know, only one, and see how they begin to integrate
and create friendships with different animals
and cross species where everyone fits.
You know, not everyone associates,
and we also recognize that, and they don't need to do it,
Because there are two sides to the fence.
They can be on that side or they can be on this side.
It's only about recognizing their needs.
[Narrator] The idea is from agricultural shelters is providing safe haven for animals
those saved or passed from factory farms
and slaughterhouses.
Here, they are treated and given the opportunity
to behave as naturally as possible protective environment.
I wonder what people are running these holy places
have learned from life very close to livestock
for years.
[man] Ranch sanctuary began back in the mid 1980s
to combat violations from livestock,
and we started by investigating farms and stockyards and slaughterhouses.
We will find live animals completely dumped in the trash
or on a pile of dead animals.
We started saving them
and we sell vegan hot dogs
in the Grateful Dead event to finance work.
And we now have three refuges,
one in New York, two in California.
The first animal farm rescue protection is Hilda,
who is a sheep, left in a pile of dead animals behind the storage area.
The dagger is very thick, You can hear them buzzing
when they devour these carcasses.
And out of this pile, a sheep raises its head.
And we are stunned that living animals will be thrown away like garbage in this way.
And we took it from the dead pile thinking he must be turned off.
But as a veterinarian begins to look at him and examine it,
he starts encouraging then he stands up,
and he lives a good and long life.
And finally all of us, _ humans and other animals,
want a good life, long life,
and livestock not given the opportunity.
[engine idling]
[woman] Hi!
Animals on animal farms sanctuaries
behaves very differently than if you to meet them on the farm.
Many of these animals are very tough and they lost their fears of people,
and it allows people to see their personality.
[sniff]
We have three of these turkeys, Boone, Alphonso and Hershel,
and in the early days, they will follow us everywhere,
when we tour and bring people.
And sometimes you can know
that is like what a wife and husband and children bring,
and he who has it affection in his heart for animals
and he tried to expose his family to it.
We see this a lot.
[turkey shaking]
So this father is walking around,
and you can say he is just sort of saved for himself
and his hand in his pocket and rather startling
and laugh and grin at the turkey because they will follow,
and if children will laugh or clap their hands, the turkey will respond.
But at the end of the tour, I looked up and he stroked Hershel's head,
and then he sort of squatted and he faced Hershel,
and I see like tears down his face,
and he said to his children he was wrong all this time
and he is very resistant to his wife, their mother,
and he never realized that they could be very friendly and what they have such unique personalities
and he can find himself very fond of a turkey.
ΓÖ¬
[children's calls]
[Narrator] This is the first day open this year
on Friend Animal Rescue in Kent, England.
I came here to learn how visitors interact
with livestock in a shelter.
[lively chat]
[man] When I first appeared here, I am a committed meat eater.
And I met Marion.
I just saw this little woman here alone
with all these pigs and cows and sheep and horses,
just taking care of them, giving them food and watering it.
I'm like, wow, it's like a Disney cartoon.
That inspired me.
I really believe I have to eat meat.
And on the premise, really, if not, I will get sick, maybe die.
So when he explained to me about industry,
livestock industry and what happened,
they were massacred so young, as an example.
Most of them are babies, under one year.
You kind of... I became defensive, I think a lot of people do it.
[woman] You like carrots, no?
Oh! [laughs]
[Eaton] There are only so many livestock
because people choose to eat it.
When you start meeting these animals,
it brings a softer side,
and I think you should be so very, very kind or almost brutal suddenly encounters these animals
and decided, "I can continue to eat them."
It affects my big-time, in such a way,
not only am I vegan,
I ended up staying 15 years old, married Marion,
and that changed my life forever.
So it will be very good example of this place.
[cow moos]
[crowd laughing]
[horse snort]
[Narrator] The Erdlingshof,
small refuge in Bavarian forest,
has a special focus on bulls saved from the dairy industry.
[running water]
ΓÖ¬
[Baur] The Sanctuaries provide some kind of aspiration
to the type of world we can create,
one place where animals live with us and we live with them,
and no one should be afraid of anyone because we do not kill and eat it.
Now, there are also animals that are carnivores,
and it creates some challenging situations
for someone with a vegan mindset.
But in the end, certain animals have no choice.
Lions cannot live on plants.
Humans do have choices.
We can live and we can develop eat plants not animals.
[Narrator] The role of animals in society has developed dramatically.
We have learned a lot about animal cognitive abilities and social development.
Pigs, for example, share a number of cognitive capacities
with very other intelligent species,
but the law is still considering all animals are only goods.
[woman] There is a law affecting all animals.
In the United States, we have the Animal Welfare Law.
Unfortunately, even though this is called the Animal Welfare Act,
it doesn't cover livestock, so it doesn't cover 99% of animals
in industrial use in the United States,
and there are other important things exceptions too,
but let's face it, is a big exception.
That's all animals, basically, from a statistical point of view.
All animals are livestock, they are not protected by federal law.
[man] For hundreds of years, has already had this high and thick legal wall,
and on the one hand it's all legal matters
and the other side is a legal person.
If you take photos in 2015,
all animals that are not human the world are on the side of things
and all humans are on the side of people.
It's not always like that.
Two hundred years ago, women might be things.
Slaves are objects, children are things,
but now, everything non-human animals are things
and all humans are human.
And the work The Non-Human Rights Project,
especially the initial goal, is to penetrate the wall
and start bringing as many as possible non-human animals as possible
through that wall from the side of from things to the side of people.
Everything is a slave and slaves are things.
When humans are slaves, they are treated with excitement.
Nonhumans are slaves, they are treated horrendously too.
And if they are not treated horrendously,
like my dog, Yogi who's hanging around here,
she wasn't treated horrendously at all.
She's a very happy dog.
But that's actually because I want to treat it like that.
If I want him to be killed, he will be killed.
If I want to do something about it it doesn't include cruelty,
I can do something to him.
And that's not true.
[women] Any lawyer who works for social change
will tell you that the law usually follows the community
and not vice versa.
And what we've seen over the past few decades
is that the community has made extraordinary steps
in understanding the animal deserves our mercy and our respect.
We now know that, in everything matter, animals are just like us.
They feel scared, they feel pain, but they also experience positive excitement and emotion.
A change of law means that we can make animals tomorrow is giving them the right to have someone representing their interests in court.
Obviously animals cannot speak for themselves,
and in that case they are the same as children or people who cannot afford
who have special supporters who go to court for them.
We can set it the same system for animals
so that lawyers can speak on behalf of animals,
represent their interests and ensure that they are protected.
[Sullivan] When people become more concerned, There will be more rules.
Then the product will be more expensive the usage will be reduced.
I don't think there will be a law against eating meat,
but I think that day will come when it will become socially unacceptable.
I don't see... I think is very interesting
that 98% of this country eats meat.
It seems very unlikely that we can legalize the law that prohibits it at this point,
and not even at this time,
they are nervous it can happen,
that their meat will be taken from them.
I don't see that the legal way will develop.
I see it as a way of that society will evolve.
I see that law will develop to get more and more stringent in its settings about the industry.
[narrator] Vegetable alternative numbers grow,
with taste and texture closer to for actual animal products.
But there are other things that make headlines in the whole world: cultured meat.
The same technique is used to grow human tissue in regenerative medicine now it is used to produce meat without killing animals.
In August 2013, the first hamburgers were planted in the laboratory
presented to 200 reporters from all over the world in London.
Funded by Google co-founder Sergey Brin,
the cost of patty is estimated at 250,000 Euros.
Okay, everyone is sitting here with a breath
really want to see what is under the cloche,
So, can you do an honor and lift the lid on your creation?
I can.
[woman] Okay. Now, of course...
[man] Why do we need cultured meat?
That's basically because there is no from the successor so far
already kind of able to fully imitate
meat experience, if you like it.
Uh, and in my mind, people want meat
and not a substitute for meat,
except meat substitutes at some points it becomes very good
that you cannot distinguish them from the original.
Uh, we, uh...
[Posting] Better food security for the entire population.
Less impact on the environment.
And animal welfare problems are lacking.
They are three main concerns.
And for those important reasons, I really hope that at some point
we can ship products, so people can still eat their favorite meat
without negative consequences.
We use cells from cows.
We harvest procedures that are not dangerous,
and they have cells... we all have cells in our muscles...
The one sitting there waiting for to repair the injury.
And they have the capacity of to breed,
so we bring them out of the cow,
expand them in the lab until we have 40 billion cells.
And we do it in a certain way
so they are formed real muscle fibers,
and that's basically for our meat.
So if you have a lot of from that muscle fiber,
basically we can make a hamburger from them.
[Narrator] Besides meat, I've learned
there is also a number of startups work on another cultural product
to replace them colleagues who come from animals
in the near future.
[woman] Mission from New Harvest
is to accelerate post-animal bio-economy.
So we tried to build a new economy where animal products are made without animals,
and the role of New Harvest is in providing initial catalytic steps
which helps researchers get the first number data is done or the first prototype is done
so that once they have it that prototype,
other investors and others funders will be involved.
Cultured meat gets cell and then divides cell.
So there is no reason for GMOs involved at all
in production cultured meat.
Cultured meat will not come from the lab.
The true vision of this future is one that looks like a brewery,
and you go to the brewery and you see this giant steel tank,
and you don't see brewers as scientists,
You consider it to be a handyman or handicraft person.
You know, I've combed it comments on cultured meat and culture milk
and articles on cultured eggs for a long time,
and many people like, "Well, if this tastes good,
then how can I choose something that comes from animals slaughtered
if my experience is the same? "
[narrator] In San Francisco, some companies work on animal products without animals.
Indie Bio is a startup accelerator for synthetic biology. Supported by a business capital fund,
companies that join this program receive quarter of a million dollars and lab space to reach a prototype in just four months.
[man] Indie Bio is an accelerator
for the initial stage biotechnology company.
That vision is to create something truly new.
We think we can use biology to replace animals,
so instead of taming animals, We tamed the cell.
And we really focus on the new paradigm in producing food and items that people want,
without environment or ethical aspects of using animals.
[man] We are making gelatin without the animal.
So there is a litany of consumer goods which contains gelatin which many people don't realize,
in everything from yogurt to gummi bears,
industrial applications, drugs.
So the approach is that we take
is the engineer microbial factory
which can be made exact same gelatin
what people will get from animal networks,
but instead take it from an animal and do it with a top-down approach,
we are building it from the beginning with items such as yeast.
How long will it take? Are we talking about five years?
Are we talking about ten years? I hope this is five,
when we see the last animal the product is taken from the shelf
and replaced with biological derivatives, clean version of the product,
is it meat or is it milk or is it an egg.
[narrator] Not far away, in space for DIY biology,
A group of biohackers are working on what most people say they will never give up:
cheese.
[man] Real Vegan Cheese is a project
basically making cheese
it's exactly like that cow's milk cheese,
or other animal cheese, but make it without using animals.
And that's how we do this we searched the database
which gives us a DNA sequence that encodes protein in milk.
We then take the information and go to the synthesis service
that makes us pieces of DNA.
We put it in yeast.
The yeast then starts produces the protein.
So now this yeast is a kind of milk.
It's like, instead of milking a cow,
we actually just started these proteins out of yeast.
This is important because these proteins
is what gives all milk very interesting properties
and what gives the cheese the property that you associate with cheese.
Things like melting, flexibility, texture.
Those proteins are the most important thing.
So that's the project.
This takes yeast and makes this exact same protein
so we can make original cheese which is also vegan.
[crackling device]
What do we get, if we do our work well,
exactly that what cows produce.
The protein is identical.
So after being purified, this is not genetically modified.
This is a natural product.
So it's our future plan, once we can make cheese
get out of us protein yeasts,
is to file intellectual property, filed a patent for this,
but then leave it, so that is on public records,
it was an art before but we did not have the right to it.
You can imagine it if someone like, uh...
someone who is also involved in the dairy industry directly, if they develop this and have all IPs,
they can make some products only for vegans
but they can prevent other people from encouraging them far enough that it will challenge their existing business.
So we don't want someone who has it interest in milk continues
to have everything right for this.
If it's open source, no one can do that.
[Narrator] While I research food in the future,
I discovered recently discovery by scientists from the University of Oregon.
They say they have found unicorn,
That algae is healthier than kale
and when fried, tastes like smoked meat.
[man] We started with around 40 ideas or more.
And today I have three of the five that we tested.
This is rice crackers here. This is will be a little more savory
and remove a little from umami taste in seaweed.
And this is just kind of an interesting way
to use a little salt that you will find
in the type of sea taste.
Dulse a little from new material
many people in America are not too familiar with,
Outside sushi or seaweed salad.
So it's good to be in the forefront
getting this material becomes a kind of mainstream.
[hissing]
[man] You know, by 2025, there will be 7 1/2 billion people on Earth.
And every human
requires around 50 grams protein a day to live,
So the world demand will be 400 million grams Carbohydrates every day.
And we know that, at least with this dulse,
if we have 25 to 25 miles stretch in the ocean
off the Oregon coast,
we can plant enough protein to feed the world, just like that.
So the potential is very big.
[Thunder rumbles]
[man] Uh, well, people become very interested in dulse stories
because of the link to bacon,
and the fact it has some taste of bacon
and nutritious is far better for you than bacon,
it doesn't have cholesterol and high fat content,
makes it very interesting People.
Ah, how does it feel?
Ah. Looks good.
Yes. It was incredible.
Bringing it away.
So this is our 6,000 liter tank.
So we hope to be able to produce around 30 kilograms of from dulse per week
from these tanks.
What we found with Dulse is growing vegetatively.
So what you can do is you can basically break down plants and each part will grow into a new factory.
So it's very, very easy to grow,
and this is one big benefit
of this type of cultivation.
This has good protein content,
high iodine, high potassium.
And in many ways, is superfood.
He has a lot of potential, I think, in the long term future
as an alternative to several other terrestrial plants,
and also alternatives to meat.
So the amino acid profile is pretty good,
and it has a savory taste,
so I think there is a very good potential for that.
[Posting] So, what we did, we took a small sample of a cow.
Use the muscle-specific stem cells
which has a kind of limited capacity to breed.
That means we have to return to the cow after a certain period
and get new stem cells.
And it's not entirely animal-free products,
but I don't really think is what matters.
Maybe for vegans, but for most people, maybe not.
Still, we will be able to, and that condition is clear,
we will be able to reduce the total amount of cattle extraordinary.
Even if it won't decrease energy consumption,
then it will still be reduced methane emissions,
so it will still have an effect our greenhouse gas emissions.
But we are more ambitious than that.
We really want to reduce energy consumption too.
I say that there is nothing in it, but that is not entirely true.
There is...
Oh, this is fair small-scale cell culture,
but it's small.
Small muscle rings in these small wells.
We have never, with this -cultured beef program,
nothing will ever happen as efficiently
and friendly to the environment
or animals as vegetarians or vegan diets.
We will never reach that level of efficiency.
So if vegetarians and vegans start eating this,
it's kind of the opposite of what my goal is
in all of these efforts.
The target group is pretty much myself,
people who stubbornly eat meat,
while knowing that they may not be.
If at some point we can producing exactly the same network,
the exact same type sensory quality of meat,
at competitive prices,
I think it will be eradicated traditional livestock meat production.
[Nibert] This is very important
what people recognize
one of the worst practices has ever been developed on this planet
does this consume other animals for food and use it for resources,
and we will never get it our society is back on track
unless we retreat from the exercise,
and we can start to do that, first,
by changing the way we eat.
Nothing serious will change until there is only catastrophe which forces us to change.
And my best guess, will be something related to...
That could be a problem about contaminated food,
but most likely it will happen environmental disaster
that we just realized that we killed the planet, and then...
we will be forced to get involved in some radical rethinking,
not because we suddenly care about animals but only because we _ destroy our own existence.
[Narrator] Reflect on my search for the post-meat world,
resource intensive methods animal production seems outdated,
especially in light challenge
we will face near and far in the future.
What we eat real consequences,
for the world around us and for trillions non-human animals.
End of meat as we know
maybe the best solution we have
to save ourselves, _ animals and planets.
Of course, if we talk about stopping eating meat overnight,
it will be a problem because last night we will have many people who are unemployed.
But actually that all industries evolve.
Everything changes.
If you talk to other people the car comes, for example,
everyone will worry, will happen to the horse carriage?
Right? But it didn't happen overnight, luckily, and everyone adapted.
ΓÖ¬
[Sullivan] There is a vision of the future
it does not include exploitation of animals.
You don't get a place unless you imagine it.
And people really look have trouble imagining
this world without exploitation of animals.
We always do it, so we will do it always keep doing it.
But if you take a step back
and see where technology is,
what we do to animals is just crazy.
[Brown] The first time I had visited a cattle shelter,
Break my mind.
There is nothing like that.
I can't believe it, not just what I learned at that time about clear numbers from livestock
those who suffer and who are killed for human consumption,
but then get to know them and realize that this is an individual
who compiled the statistics,
and the statistics can be surprising,
but it's even more remarkable when you know the victim.
And it affects me to every cell of my existence,
because this is social our justice movement.
That greatly affects the number of creatures.
[Posting] Twenty years from now, we will look back
with a completely different perspective and our children will say to each other,
"Yes, you know, in our parents' age,
they still kill animals for our food supplies."
And they might be seen at that time as a kind of barbarian.
ΓÖ