1 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:15,000 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:15,000 1 00: 00: 11,791 -> 00: 00: 13,333 ♪♪ 3 00:00:13,375 --> 00:00:15,750 [announcer] There is beef. 4 00:00:15,791 --> 00:00:18,208 There are pigs and ham. 5 00:00:18,250 --> 00:00:20,625 There are sheep. 6 00:00:20,666 --> 00:00:24,500 Meat and eggs help the body grow and make it strong. 7 00:00:24,541 --> 00:00:26,750 [audio slows down, stops] Meat is good for you... 8 00:00:28,791 --> 00:00:33,083 [man] It's like... meat, meat, meat, meat and meat and more meat. 9 00:00:33,125 --> 00:00:34,750 And humans, they like meat! 10 00:00:34,791 --> 00:00:37,250 [man 2] It feels like nonstop. 11 00:00:37,291 --> 00:00:39,250 E. coli, salmonella, sick people, 12 00:00:39,291 --> 00:00:40,958 and I'm sure some people died because of it. 13 00:00:41,000 --> 00:00:43,875 [newswoman] Eating processed meat can cause cancer. 14 00:00:43,916 --> 00:00:47,916 [man over phone] We can ensure consumers that our beef is safe. 15 00:00:47,958 --> 00:00:50,875 [newswoman] Mice, foxes, even minks 16 00:00:50,916 --> 00:00:53,375 cheating is sold as beef or mutton. 17 00:00:53,416 --> 00:00:55,375 [journalist] Meat consumption increases 18 00:00:55,416 --> 00:00:57,583 in many countries despite warnings. 19 00:00:57,625 --> 00:01:00,750 [man] This is a big elephant in a room that no one talks about. 20 00:01:00,791 --> 00:01:03,000 [man 2] Very delicious. 21 00:01:03,041 --> 00:01:06,708 [newswoman] Livestock contribute more to climate change than cars. 22 00:01:06,750 --> 00:01:11,500 [reporter] Amazon's 1.8 million acres is Cut every year, 23 00:01:11,541 --> 00:01:15,583 75% is associated with expansion of cattle farms. 24 00:01:15,625 --> 00:01:18,583 [journalist] Maybe one of the most surprising things about factory farms it's almost there nobody's paying attention to them. 25 00:01:18,625 --> 00:01:21,041 [woman] Is this some kind of culture war now? 26 00:01:21,083 --> 00:01:24,666 ♪ 27 00:01:24,708 --> 00:01:26,708 [male narrator] Meat. 28 00:01:28,875 --> 00:01:30,166 For most of us, that and that 29 00:01:30,208 --> 00:01:32,583 30 00:01:32,625 --> 00:01:35,125 an integral part of the diet. 31 00:01:35,166 --> 00:01:38,708 But recently, the meat has disappeared the status of the myth. 32 00:01:38,750 --> 00:01:41,333 Never been a symbol of prosperity and power, 33 00:01:41,375 --> 00:01:44,083 meat consumption has become problematic, 34 00:01:44,125 --> 00:01:46,333 for the planet and for ourselves. 35 00:01:46,375 --> 00:01:50,208 Eating steaks or burgers is no longer fancy, 36 00:01:50,250 --> 00:01:52,291 and we get more and more disconnections from where our meat actually comes from. 37 00:01:52,333 --> 00:01:54,833 Meat-free diets grow trends in Western countries. 38 00:01:54,875 --> 00:01:58,750 Although this is not a new idea, 39 00:01:58,791 --> 00:02:00,958 Vegetable diets become increasingly popular in Germany. 40 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:05,166 This makes me wonder what the world will be like we are no longer eating animals. 41 00:02:05,208 --> 00:02:08,458 So I left to connect with the pioneers from the vegan revolution in Germany, 42 00:02:08,500 --> 00:02:12,000 meet with researchers 43 00:02:12,041 --> 00:02:15,125 44 00:02:15,166 --> 00:02:16,625 45 00:02:16,666 --> 00:02:18,208 46 00:02:18,250 --> 00:02:21,416 check the effect of the plant-based diet, 47 00:02:21,458 --> 00:02:24,708 traveling to the first vegetarian city in the world, 48 00:02:24,750 --> 00:02:28,041 learn about the life of the saved animals, 49 00:02:28,083 --> 00:02:30,250 talking to philosophers and lawyers 50 00:02:30,291 --> 00:02:32,708 work to have it the interests of animals are considered, 51 00:02:32,750 --> 00:02:34,375 and talking with scientists developing meat free future food. 52 00:02:34,416 --> 00:02:37,291 But first, I want to learn more about the origin of meat 53 00:02:37,333 --> 00:02:40,750 and our care from livestock. 54 00:02:40,791 --> 00:02:43,291 [man] Well, first of all, I grew up being taught 55 00:02:54,791 --> 00:02:56,833 that domestication is another animal 56 00:02:56,875 --> 00:02:59,083 is an extraordinary thing for humanity and a great thing for animals. 57 00:02:59,125 --> 00:03:03,208 But over time, I came to study was actually a lie, 58 00:03:03,250 --> 00:03:08,250 that other animals were captured, they were enslaved, 59 00:03:08,291 --> 00:03:11,208 60 00:03:11,250 --> 00:03:13,250 they are biologically manipulated. 61 00:03:13,291 --> 00:03:16,083 I think they were spotted. 62 00:03:16,125 --> 00:03:20,583 In my work, I refer to to practice it as "domesecration." 63 00:03:20,625 --> 00:03:23,916 Once domesecration the other animal starts, 64 00:03:23,958 --> 00:03:28,500 men go up to their backs and they start going away, 65 00:03:28,541 --> 00:03:32,041 they start using other horses as a tool for war and violence, 66 00:03:32,083 --> 00:03:34,291 robbing more settled people 67 00:03:34,333 --> 00:03:37,041 and killing people, _ enslaving them. 68 00:03:37,083 --> 00:03:41,250 So, for example, when it's European 69 00:03:41,291 --> 00:03:44,791 invaded America, they could only invade it 70 00:03:44,833 --> 00:03:47,916 through the use of horses as a tool of war 71 00:03:47,958 --> 00:03:52,250 and cows and pigs and sheep as laborers and as rations, 72 00:03:52,291 --> 00:03:55,875 and they need land to grow more animals, 73 00:03:55,916 --> 00:03:58,208 to facilitate further invasion. 74 00:03:58,250 --> 00:04:00,458 Become suppression from other animals 75 00:04:00,500 --> 00:04:03,416 very entangled with fate indigenous peoples, 76 00:04:03,458 --> 00:04:05,625 because more land they are needed for livestock, 77 00:04:05,666 --> 00:04:08,750 the more people are killed, their land is taken. 78 00:04:08,791 --> 00:04:12,041 Once they clear the land, then they develop the railroad track 79 00:04:12,083 --> 00:04:15,833 and start transporting these animals back to the city like Chicago and Cincinnati. 80 00:04:15,875 --> 00:04:19,291 A large slaughterhouse starts to develop, 81 00:04:19,333 --> 00:04:21,416 then the marketing company starts to develop, 82 00:04:21,458 --> 00:04:23,833 and feed companies are starting to develop, 83 00:04:23,875 --> 00:04:26,375 and the bank starts to get their share, 84 00:04:26,416 --> 00:04:28,916 and retail organizations are starting to grow and then fast food the organization appears. 85 00:04:28,958 --> 00:04:31,791 Then we see the formation 86 00:04:31,833 --> 00:04:35,208 this animal industrial complex. 87 00:04:35,250 --> 00:04:37,541 There is extraordinary political power, ideological power, 88 00:04:37,583 --> 00:04:39,083 89 00:04:39,125 --> 00:04:42,458 90 00:04:42,500 --> 00:04:45,708 91 00:04:45,750 --> 00:04:47,666 and economic strength, 92 00:04:47,708 --> 00:04:51,291 and they keep driving 93 00:04:51,333 --> 00:04:53,666 increased consumption, 94 00:04:53,708 --> 00:04:57,125 all to collect profits for those in the industry. 95 00:04:57,166 --> 00:04:59,791 I see... 96 00:04:59,833 --> 00:05:03,208 domesecration has been terrible for the world and other animals, 97 00:05:03,250 --> 00:05:08,083 and it's time we start stopping it and changing the course of world history. 98 00:05:08,125 --> 00:05:10,750 [Narrator] This is me at the age of nine 99 00:05:10,791 --> 00:05:13,541 meeting a cow for the first time. 100 00:05:13,583 --> 00:05:16,375 And here I am will eat a cow. 101 00:05:16,416 --> 00:05:20,083 At that time, I didn't know where the meat on my plate came from, 102 00:05:20,125 --> 00:05:22,833 and I wonder now why is it taking so long 103 00:05:22,875 --> 00:05:27,166 to start asking what, or exactly who, I'm eating. 104 00:05:27,208 --> 00:05:32,333 [pig snorts, squeals] 105 00:05:34,625 --> 00:05:37,125 [woman] That's the worst part of my job. 106 00:05:37,166 --> 00:05:39,666 I have to come and go. 107 00:05:39,708 --> 00:05:44,000 I have to enter and take pictures and witnesses and experiences horror and pain, but I have to go. 108 00:05:44,041 --> 00:05:47,708 And they can't leave. 109 00:05:47,750 --> 00:05:49,708 I can complain about, you know, 110 00:05:49,750 --> 00:05:52,208 the smell in my clothes and the camera months later, 111 00:05:52,250 --> 00:05:55,416 but, like, they are in it all the time, that's their life. 112 00:05:55,458 --> 00:05:59,958 That's the only thing they experience in life, this. 113 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,125 This is where they live and this is where they will die, 114 00:06:03,166 --> 00:06:06,208 except when they use transportation and go to slaughter. 115 00:06:06,250 --> 00:06:09,750 Amazing. 116 00:06:09,791 --> 00:06:11,916 But these things happen behind the wall 117 00:06:14,916 --> 00:06:18,333 in the dark, terrible, smell place, 118 00:06:18,375 --> 00:06:20,583 where no one is allowed to enter, 119 00:06:20,625 --> 00:06:22,875 where we were put in prison, we were arrested, 120 00:06:22,916 --> 00:06:26,166 we are billed if we enter these places. 121 00:06:26,208 --> 00:06:28,958 122 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,000 There is a reason for that. 123 00:06:31,041 --> 00:06:33,125 This is to protect business because business will fail if we know. 124 00:06:33,166 --> 00:06:37,375 The way I influence change, too, is storytelling. 125 00:06:39,041 --> 00:06:42,541 People remember emotions and stories 126 00:06:42,583 --> 00:06:45,291 more often than they remember statistics, 127 00:06:45,333 --> 00:06:48,250 so I tell stories about individuals I have met all over the world. 128 00:06:48,291 --> 00:06:52,000 Bears saved from bile bear farms, 129 00:06:52,041 --> 00:06:54,500 the pig saved from the farm. 130 00:06:54,541 --> 00:06:56,750 Show photos Julia the pig, Sonny the calf, 131 00:06:56,791 --> 00:07:01,250 and Miracle the bear. 132 00:07:01,291 --> 00:07:03,916 You can hear the pin drop when I have this conversation, 133 00:07:03,958 --> 00:07:06,916 and they lean forward in their seats 134 00:07:06,958 --> 00:07:09,000 and they got engaged and that's because it's storytelling. 135 00:07:09,041 --> 00:07:12,458 And then they go and they share these stories. 136 00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:14,875 137 00:07:14,916 --> 00:07:18,666 Um, so everything gets worse in some places, 138 00:07:18,708 --> 00:07:21,375 but they get better in many places too. 139 00:07:21,416 --> 00:07:23,875 We see meat eating growing in certain countries, 140 00:07:23,916 --> 00:07:26,000 but we see it decreasing in other countries. 141 00:07:26,041 --> 00:07:30,791 We see the law changing, very much in Europe. 142 00:07:30,833 --> 00:07:35,458 Better welfare law and all kinds of "improvement," 143 00:07:35,500 --> 00:07:37,916 but then enforcement is a problem. 144 00:07:37,958 --> 00:07:41,250 I have visited many farms where the law has changed two, three years ago, 145 00:07:41,291 --> 00:07:43,166 and farmers have not implemented anything yet because of fines cheaper 146 00:07:43,208 --> 00:07:45,333 instead of having to reformat their entire farm. 147 00:07:45,375 --> 00:07:49,333 [man] So I went undercover in an industrial slaughterhouse 148 00:07:49,375 --> 00:07:52,791 because I am interested in in the sense 149 00:07:57,750 --> 00:08:01,708 150 00:08:01,750 --> 00:08:03,708 151 00:08:03,750 --> 00:08:06,583 how big is the process hard work 152 00:08:06,625 --> 00:08:09,375 in what we call modern civilized society. 153 00:08:14,208 --> 00:08:16,083 Slaughterhouses, mostly, 154 00:08:16,125 --> 00:08:19,333 located far from urban areas. 155 00:08:19,375 --> 00:08:22,916 They are in rural areas where most urban consumers 156 00:08:22,958 --> 00:08:26,625 You will never have to deal with what happened inside them. 157 00:08:26,666 --> 00:08:28,875 They are also socially hidden. 158 00:08:28,916 --> 00:08:31,916 We delegate work to kill to a group of people 159 00:08:31,958 --> 00:08:34,166 who have very few rights. 160 00:08:34,208 --> 00:08:37,500 We also hid it linguistically, right? 161 00:08:37,541 --> 00:08:41,125 Steers becomes steak and beef becomes a hamburger. 162 00:08:41,166 --> 00:08:43,458 We hide places of violence. 163 00:08:43,500 --> 00:08:47,250 We hide places of ugliness, so that we can continue to live 164 00:08:47,291 --> 00:08:50,208 as if they were not there, while still relying on them 165 00:08:50,250 --> 00:08:52,416 on their products in our daily lives. 166 00:08:55,083 --> 00:08:57,791 Two months of my fieldwork, 167 00:08:57,833 --> 00:09:00,250 six livestock escaped from slaughterhouses 168 00:09:00,291 --> 00:09:02,458 the way from this one which I worked on. 169 00:09:02,500 --> 00:09:05,125 Three of them were made run immediately 170 00:09:05,166 --> 00:09:08,333 for parking lots Saint Francis of Assisi Catholic Church. 171 00:09:08,375 --> 00:09:11,500 These cows were captured and taken back to the slaughterhouse, 172 00:09:11,541 --> 00:09:15,541 but one of the cows is running down the main road in Omaha 173 00:09:15,583 --> 00:09:18,125 and then turn into the alley. 174 00:09:18,166 --> 00:09:21,083 The escape occurred during the afternoon break 175 00:09:21,125 --> 00:09:24,000 for slaughterhouses which I work on, 176 00:09:24,041 --> 00:09:26,500 and me and some other slaughterhouse workers 177 00:09:26,541 --> 00:09:29,166 supervised Omaha Police Department 178 00:09:29,208 --> 00:09:31,750 chasing this cow into the alley 179 00:09:31,791 --> 00:09:36,000 which ends at the chain fence bordering our slaughterhouse. 180 00:09:36,041 --> 00:09:39,333 And when the police failed to lead him to a trailer, 181 00:09:39,375 --> 00:09:42,416 they fired at him with a gun and killed him. 182 00:09:43,625 --> 00:09:47,416 And the next day, the newspaper in Omaha 183 00:09:47,458 --> 00:09:50,583 displays this escape and kills on the front page, 184 00:09:50,625 --> 00:09:54,916 under the heading "Freedom is fleeting for livestock on plant escape." 185 00:09:54,958 --> 00:09:57,333 And in the lunch room in the slaughterhouse, 186 00:09:57,375 --> 00:10:00,833 workers express feelings hatred and anger 187 00:10:00,875 --> 00:10:03,375 on the murder from this one animal. 188 00:10:03,416 --> 00:10:05,833 "They shot him like they shot an unarmed man 189 00:10:05,875 --> 00:10:08,125 from Mexico last year," 190 00:10:08,166 --> 00:10:10,916 Julio, one of the qualities control workers say. 191 00:10:10,958 --> 00:10:14,125 And then the lunch period ends, 192 00:10:14,166 --> 00:10:17,041 and we all returned to our place on the murder floor where we start killing 1,250 other animals 193 00:10:17,083 --> 00:10:21,958 194 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:24,166 for the rest of the day. 195 00:10:26,291 --> 00:10:30,958 [Narrator] Social media radically changes information distribution. 196 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:34,541 Images and videos highlighted the fate of livestock 197 00:10:34,583 --> 00:10:36,916 now reaches global audience 198 00:10:36,958 --> 00:10:40,458 who are increasingly looking for transparency and knowledge 199 00:10:40,500 --> 00:10:43,666 around the source their food. 200 00:10:43,708 --> 00:10:48,833 Video by Toronto Pig activist Save Anita Krajnc is making headlines around the world 201 00:10:48,875 --> 00:10:52,041 when he was billed for giving water to thirsty pigs 202 00:10:52,083 --> 00:10:55,833 on a hot day outside a Toronto slaughterhouse. 203 00:10:58,166 --> 00:11:02,750 Toronto Pig Save and sister group is about giving testimony. 204 00:11:02,791 --> 00:11:07,125 And that's the idea when there is injustice in your community, 205 00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:10,083 You must be present and be there and try to help. 206 00:11:10,125 --> 00:11:14,166 So, for animals, darkest places are slaughterhouses. 207 00:11:14,208 --> 00:11:18,375 So Toronto Pig Save holds guard outside the slaughterhouse. 208 00:11:18,416 --> 00:11:20,458 [woman] Here comes the truck! 209 00:11:22,375 --> 00:11:24,500 [woman] I know, baby! 210 00:11:24,541 --> 00:11:26,375 I love you. 211 00:11:28,666 --> 00:11:31,458 ♪ 212 00:11:34,541 --> 00:11:37,000 - [Hydraulic truck hissing] - [pig cry] 213 00:11:37,041 --> 00:11:40,833 [pig snorts] 214 00:12:02,208 --> 00:12:05,916 [pig snorts and squeals] 215 00:12:12,291 --> 00:12:14,291 ♪ 216 00:12:26,291 --> 00:12:29,791 [Anita] I think a lot of people feel hopeless before, say, 217 00:12:29,833 --> 00:12:33,083 "Oh, that will never change. People will not stop eating meat." 218 00:12:33,125 --> 00:12:36,500 And then they see these people just in case says, "This is wrong, stop this." 219 00:12:36,541 --> 00:12:39,750 They find it very empowering and encouraging. 220 00:12:39,791 --> 00:12:44,208 I think if more people testify directly, 221 00:12:44,250 --> 00:12:47,666 it will change it, and they will not participate 222 00:12:47,708 --> 00:12:51,250 in the violence against these animals if they see the animals directly. 223 00:12:51,291 --> 00:12:53,291 I have no doubt about that. 224 00:12:53,333 --> 00:12:55,583 [clattering] 225 00:12:55,625 --> 00:12:58,541 [narrator] When in Toronto, I found someone else 226 00:12:58,583 --> 00:13:00,583 that changes heart and mind 227 00:13:00,625 --> 00:13:03,250 and has many followers on social media. 228 00:13:03,291 --> 00:13:06,250 The name is Esther the Wonder Pig. 229 00:13:06,291 --> 00:13:07,708 One for you. 230 00:13:09,250 --> 00:13:12,000 [man] The story behind Esther is interesting. 231 00:13:12,041 --> 00:13:16,250 He was very unplanned and last minute additions to our family. 232 00:13:19,708 --> 00:13:22,125 We were cheated, you know. 233 00:13:22,166 --> 00:13:25,333 We are under the impression that he is a mini pig. 234 00:13:25,375 --> 00:13:30,291 And, you know, man, there's nothing mini about him. 235 00:13:30,333 --> 00:13:33,250 [man 2] We fell in love in a pretty crazy way. 236 00:13:33,291 --> 00:13:35,708 Thoughts of getting rid of he's scary. 237 00:13:35,750 --> 00:13:38,333 That's really annoying. 238 00:13:38,375 --> 00:13:41,041 I mean, we both know behind our minds that we will become on one uneven road. 239 00:13:41,083 --> 00:13:44,208 We don't know it will happen becomes a 500 pound road. 240 00:13:44,250 --> 00:13:47,125 Yes, I mean, but we love everything. 241 00:13:47,166 --> 00:13:50,500 You know, he can use 500 more pounds and he is still accepted to do what he wants. 242 00:13:50,541 --> 00:13:53,333 You know, he's part family, 243 00:13:53,375 --> 00:13:56,666 and it's not his fault he got that big. 244 00:13:56,708 --> 00:13:58,583 We created a Facebook page 245 00:13:58,625 --> 00:14:01,000 and that's just photos of Esther that are fun, 246 00:14:04,666 --> 00:14:07,083 then we throw it to our family and friends, 247 00:14:07,125 --> 00:14:09,625 and in one day there are hundred likes, 248 00:14:09,666 --> 00:14:12,166 and we are like, whoa, like a hundred. 249 00:14:12,208 --> 00:14:14,333 The next day 300 and the next day is 500, 250 00:14:14,375 --> 00:14:16,625 251 00:14:16,666 --> 00:14:19,708 252 00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:24,583 1,000, 2,000, 8,000, it just started running like clockwork. 253 00:14:24,625 --> 00:14:28,750 And that's at 8,000... 8,000 likes. 254 00:14:28,791 --> 00:14:33,041 We wake up and our phone is maximized. 255 00:14:33,083 --> 00:14:38,875 Someone in Hong Kong has sent us text. 256 00:14:38,916 --> 00:14:43,791 He said, "You entered Hong Kong's biggest newspaper." 257 00:14:43,833 --> 00:14:47,125 That's the moment that I'm like, 258 00:14:47,166 --> 00:14:50,583 "Wow, like, what is happening?" 259 00:14:50,625 --> 00:14:54,000 ♪ 260 00:14:54,041 --> 00:14:56,041 [keyboard clacking] 261 00:15:23,375 --> 00:15:25,625 You have this lightbulb moment. 262 00:15:25,666 --> 00:15:28,458 We have a lightbulb moment when we cook meat on the stove, 263 00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:32,500 and five pounds Esther on our feet, 264 00:15:32,541 --> 00:15:34,500 waiting for something to fall from the stove, 265 00:15:34,541 --> 00:15:37,083 and I'm like, "Oh, my goodness," that just happened. 266 00:15:37,125 --> 00:15:38,958 - It's like this light bulb. - Can't do this. 267 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:41,875 Like, that's just, that's a crazy moment, 268 00:15:41,916 --> 00:15:44,333 and, um... 269 00:15:44,375 --> 00:15:46,958 we never eat meat after that. 270 00:15:48,416 --> 00:15:50,708 [Steve] That's all he is. This is all of his. 271 00:15:50,750 --> 00:15:55,333 He has this amazing ability to enter your head. 272 00:15:55,375 --> 00:15:58,666 That's what happened all over, 273 00:15:58,708 --> 00:16:00,666 You know, around us, globally. 274 00:16:00,708 --> 00:16:02,416 Worldwide. 275 00:16:02,458 --> 00:16:04,583 We hear from people all over the world. 276 00:16:08,833 --> 00:16:11,916 Yes, one of the most amazing signs of intelligence Usually he will go to the kitchen 277 00:16:11,958 --> 00:16:14,375 and he will open the door, try to take out the food, 278 00:16:14,416 --> 00:16:17,000 and only causes chaos, so he gets into trouble every time, of course. 279 00:16:17,041 --> 00:16:20,625 And in a few weeks, You will walk into the kitchen, 280 00:16:20,666 --> 00:16:23,458 You will find the closet door open and there is nothing wrong. 281 00:16:23,500 --> 00:16:25,875 282 00:16:25,916 --> 00:16:28,732 What is that? And you will find a basket on the floor, 283 00:16:28,757 --> 00:16:30,333 and what happened, you know? 284 00:16:30,375 --> 00:16:33,708 And finally we found out One day he entered. 285 00:16:33,750 --> 00:16:35,865 He opens the closet and then he leaves the room 286 00:16:35,890 --> 00:16:37,583 and just leave it for one minute, 287 00:16:37,625 --> 00:16:39,583 and then he returns again a second later 288 00:16:39,625 --> 00:16:41,375 and he will come out whatever food he wants, 289 00:16:41,416 --> 00:16:44,166 but he will leave it on the floor, and then he leaves again. 290 00:16:44,208 --> 00:16:46,750 Then the third time, he will go to the kitchen, 291 00:16:46,791 --> 00:16:49,125 take food and then run out of the kitchen, 292 00:16:49,166 --> 00:16:52,666 down the hall to the bedroom with whatever he stole. 293 00:16:52,708 --> 00:16:56,166 Uh, and, I mean, in our minds is it 294 00:16:56,208 --> 00:17:00,125 breaking it down into individual steps and individual processes, 295 00:17:00,166 --> 00:17:02,500 increases your chances of success, right? 296 00:17:02,541 --> 00:17:05,500 He is silent. He will come back and... 297 00:17:05,541 --> 00:17:09,291 [Crane] Look at us. Just to like it, "Oh, that's normal, everything is fine." 298 00:17:09,333 --> 00:17:11,166 Gives you the wrong understanding security, 299 00:17:11,208 --> 00:17:16,208 and then re-enter and only chaos occurs. 300 00:17:18,166 --> 00:17:20,166 [keyboard clacking] 301 00:17:23,458 --> 00:17:26,791 As hard as that, is the most valuable 302 00:17:26,833 --> 00:17:29,250 and you know, extraordinary experience 303 00:17:29,291 --> 00:17:31,875 I think we once had and maybe there will ever be. 304 00:17:31,916 --> 00:17:34,375 Who will live with a pig like that 305 00:17:34,416 --> 00:17:36,291 and have that experience? 306 00:17:36,333 --> 00:17:38,958 I mean, that's amazing, it's amazing. 307 00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:42,708 [hissing] 308 00:17:42,750 --> 00:17:45,833 [woman] More than human history, meat becomes 309 00:17:45,875 --> 00:17:48,916 this food is to be shared and for celebration. 310 00:17:48,958 --> 00:17:53,166 This is why during celebrations, is usually in most cultures, 311 00:17:53,208 --> 00:17:55,875 You have meat at the center, as the center. 312 00:17:55,916 --> 00:17:58,916 You have a Thanksgiving turkey for example, in the United States. 313 00:17:58,958 --> 00:18:01,250 Meat is always important in that way. 314 00:18:01,291 --> 00:18:03,875 It has become so ingrained in our tradition in feelings like this similarity, 315 00:18:03,916 --> 00:18:06,666 sharing with others, that's all difficult to let go of also for that reason, 316 00:18:06,708 --> 00:18:11,041 because if you say no to Thanksgiving turkey, 317 00:18:11,083 --> 00:18:14,083 it also says, by the way, not for your tradition, for your family, to your friends. 318 00:18:14,125 --> 00:18:18,333 Surely the culture changes slowly. 319 00:18:20,125 --> 00:18:22,833 You see the meat industry puts a lot of marketing and advertisements and so on to maintain all this kind of symbolism 320 00:18:22,875 --> 00:18:26,625 that meat, he lives, especially, for example, for masculinity. 321 00:18:26,666 --> 00:18:32,208 322 00:18:32,250 --> 00:18:36,390 323 00:18:38,208 --> 00:18:40,208 [Narrator] Land from bratwurst and schnitzel 324 00:18:40,250 --> 00:18:43,125 famous for that heavy dependence on meat. 325 00:18:43,166 --> 00:18:45,958 Germans eat about 60 kilograms, 326 00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,750 or around 132 pounds, meat each, every year. 327 00:18:50,791 --> 00:18:53,333 But scandals like mad cow disease 328 00:18:53,375 --> 00:18:55,375 and incorrectly labeled horse meat 329 00:18:55,416 --> 00:18:58,666 has caused a loss of confidence in the industry. 330 00:18:58,708 --> 00:19:01,291 Climate change also as a recurring image 331 00:19:01,333 --> 00:19:03,625 animal abuse in factory farms 332 00:19:03,666 --> 00:19:07,208 caused a public debate about animals on our plates, 333 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:10,708 and suddenly the plant-based diet is a newfound interest. 334 00:19:10,750 --> 00:19:13,166 Presented to health-conscious audiences, 335 00:19:13,208 --> 00:19:16,750 promised vegan cookbook weight loss and health benefits 336 00:19:16,791 --> 00:19:18,958 popping up on the best-selling list, 337 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:22,500 attracts attention from mainstream media and so on. 338 00:19:22,541 --> 00:19:25,083 Plants are no longer a side dish 339 00:19:25,125 --> 00:19:28,208 but creative and healthy main dishes. 340 00:19:28,250 --> 00:19:32,083 Many vegan restaurants have cut across the country 341 00:19:32,125 --> 00:19:35,125 and many more added the vegan option. 342 00:19:35,166 --> 00:19:37,625 Supermarkets are stock vegan products 343 00:19:37,666 --> 00:19:39,416 and the number vegan cookbook 344 00:19:39,458 --> 00:19:41,208 has grown exponentially, 345 00:19:41,250 --> 00:19:44,041 from only 23 in 2012 346 00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:47,333 up to 220 in 2016. 347 00:19:47,375 --> 00:19:49,583 With the highest number vegan restaurant 348 00:19:49,625 --> 00:19:54,291 and pioneered by the world's first 100% vegan supermarket chain, 349 00:19:54,333 --> 00:19:57,958 Berlin has become the vegan capital of Europe. 350 00:20:03,791 --> 00:20:05,750 [wrappers crackling] 351 00:20:05,791 --> 00:20:07,083 Mmm! 352 00:21:31,666 --> 00:21:34,541 [narrator] I wondered how it was done vegan explosion in Germany 353 00:21:34,583 --> 00:21:39,250 has affected producers to know the biggest and alternative meat in Europe: 354 00:21:39,291 --> 00:21:42,500 Tofutown, previously named Viana. 355 00:25:49,208 --> 00:25:52,583 [narrator] "Sausages cigarettes of the future." 356 00:25:52,625 --> 00:25:55,875 This quote from the CEO Rugenwalder Muhle, 357 00:25:55,916 --> 00:25:58,166 a traditional sausage manufacturer in Germany, 358 00:25:58,208 --> 00:26:00,750 causes an uproar in the world of meat. 359 00:26:00,791 --> 00:26:05,666 In IFFA, the number one international fair trade for the meat industry, 360 00:26:05,708 --> 00:26:10,750 I hope to find out whether this is true where this sector is heading. 361 00:29:25,708 --> 00:29:27,500 [narrator] We live for some time 362 00:29:27,541 --> 00:29:31,125 where our impact on the planet has become very destructive that, similar to the other forces of nature, 363 00:29:31,166 --> 00:29:33,708 humanity has become global geophysical power itself. 364 00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:38,333 Scientists call this period the Anthropocene, 365 00:29:38,375 --> 00:29:42,291 human age. 366 00:29:42,333 --> 00:29:45,125 367 00:29:45,166 --> 00:29:47,416 As long as we are relatively short time on Earth, 368 00:29:47,458 --> 00:29:50,583 we have made an mark on our climate, our land, 369 00:29:50,625 --> 00:29:53,208 our air and our oceans. 370 00:29:53,250 --> 00:29:56,083 That is a sign that we continue to make it every day 371 00:29:56,125 --> 00:29:58,958 and what will be felt for the next generation. 372 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:01,916 Every year we breed, lift and kill 56 billion livestock. 373 00:30:01,958 --> 00:30:05,083 This system is responsible 374 00:30:05,125 --> 00:30:07,125 for 18% greenhouses gas emissions, 375 00:30:07,166 --> 00:30:10,083 uses one third of all fresh water, 376 00:30:10,125 --> 00:30:12,708 occupies 45% of the total land area of the Earth, 377 00:30:12,750 --> 00:30:16,625 has destroyed 70% of the Amazon rainforest, 378 00:30:16,666 --> 00:30:20,250 and has become the greatest threat to biodiversity. 379 00:30:20,291 --> 00:30:23,750 And while 11% of the world population suffers from malnutrition, 380 00:30:23,791 --> 00:30:28,083 we feed half of world wheat 381 00:30:28,125 --> 00:30:30,541 382 00:30:30,583 --> 00:30:33,750 for animals scheduled to be slaughtered. 383 00:30:33,791 --> 00:30:38,166 So what happens if meat disappears from the planet? 384 00:30:38,208 --> 00:30:42,625 How can the end of meat affect the planet, animals, 385 00:30:42,666 --> 00:30:44,625 and our own lives? 386 00:30:44,666 --> 00:30:46,958 Global population projected 387 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,333 grew to almost 10 billion in 2050. 388 00:30:50,375 --> 00:30:53,375 When nations urbanize and citizens get richer, 389 00:30:53,416 --> 00:30:56,250 they consume more resource-intensive food, 390 00:30:56,291 --> 00:30:57,958 like meat and milk, 391 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:00,750 intensify already very large load 392 00:31:00,791 --> 00:31:04,583 in our ecosystem, animals, our health, 393 00:31:04,625 --> 00:31:07,208 and maybe especially climate. 394 00:31:07,250 --> 00:31:08,958 The most common indicators 395 00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:11,625 for the great impact of humans on the environment 396 00:31:11,666 --> 00:31:15,625 is an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. 397 00:31:15,666 --> 00:31:19,041 In London, I want to learn more about that relationship 398 00:31:19,083 --> 00:31:21,666 between meat and our climate. 399 00:31:21,708 --> 00:31:24,833 [woman] Here at Chatham House we have worked on meat consumption 400 00:31:24,875 --> 00:31:27,833 and climate change and the interaction between the two 401 00:31:27,875 --> 00:31:29,750 for about two years now. 402 00:31:29,791 --> 00:31:32,166 We recognize that livestock sector 403 00:31:32,208 --> 00:31:35,625 is the main driver climate change but one is often ignored. 404 00:31:35,666 --> 00:31:38,833 So we want to try and explore why that happened 405 00:31:38,875 --> 00:31:41,708 and what can be done to try and overcome this awareness gap 406 00:31:41,750 --> 00:31:43,916 in what we call inertia cycle, 407 00:31:43,958 --> 00:31:48,500 where the government does not take action on a very important issue. 408 00:31:48,541 --> 00:31:51,375 We found in our survey from 12 countries 409 00:31:51,416 --> 00:31:54,958 that 83% of participants, respondents, 410 00:31:55,000 --> 00:31:58,875 recognize that human activity is the main driver of climate change, 411 00:31:58,916 --> 00:32:04,083 but only 30% know that the livestock sector is the main driver. 412 00:32:04,125 --> 00:32:06,375 That's very striking because we know 413 00:32:06,416 --> 00:32:10,416 that the livestock sector contributes 15% greenhouse gas emissions, 414 00:32:10,458 --> 00:32:14,125 which is roughly the equivalent of to every vehicle on the planet, 415 00:32:14,166 --> 00:32:15,806 so we talk about the main source here 416 00:32:15,833 --> 00:32:18,333 where people are not aware. 417 00:32:18,375 --> 00:32:21,625 We don't learn about climate impacts food production in schools, 418 00:32:21,666 --> 00:32:24,875 we don't see it from day to day in the mainstream media. 419 00:32:26,666 --> 00:32:30,250 Without tackling global excessive meat consumption, 420 00:32:30,291 --> 00:32:34,000 we will definitely see a dangerous level of climate change, 421 00:32:34,041 --> 00:32:37,375 we will face supply shocks more often, 422 00:32:37,416 --> 00:32:39,583 becomes a situation where plants fail 423 00:32:39,625 --> 00:32:43,000 and we have less food supply than we might expect. 424 00:32:44,500 --> 00:32:46,583 [Narrator] In early 2016, 425 00:32:46,625 --> 00:32:49,500 research team from Oxford University 426 00:32:49,541 --> 00:32:54,208 releasing studies on climate and health benefits from various diets. 427 00:32:54,250 --> 00:32:56,500 The response of the media throughout the world is very large. 428 00:32:56,541 --> 00:33:01,708 This is the first global study that predicts what will happen 429 00:33:01,750 --> 00:33:05,708 if we stop eating meat and animal products altogether. 430 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:09,125 [man] Previous research mostly looked 431 00:33:09,166 --> 00:33:12,375 on environmental benefits changes in diet. 432 00:33:12,416 --> 00:33:15,958 We follow the example of three diet scenarios, 433 00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:19,416 a suitable diet for global diet guidelines. 434 00:33:19,458 --> 00:33:22,583 Above this, we apply two vegetarian scenarios, 435 00:33:22,625 --> 00:33:26,583 one normal lakto-ovo vegetarian scenario 436 00:33:26,625 --> 00:33:30,208 and one vegan scenario, which does not include animal products. 437 00:33:31,916 --> 00:33:35,208 Continuing our food from now until 2050 438 00:33:35,250 --> 00:33:38,041 will mean a large increase in greenhouse gas emissions. 439 00:33:38,083 --> 00:33:40,500 We project that greenhouse gas Emissions will increase 440 00:33:40,541 --> 00:33:42,458 around 50%. 441 00:33:42,500 --> 00:33:47,208 If people change from the diet they expect for global diet guidelines, 442 00:33:47,250 --> 00:33:49,708 then greenhouse gas emissions 443 00:33:49,750 --> 00:33:50,958 can be reduced 444 00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:52,208 about one third. 445 00:33:52,250 --> 00:33:53,458 If people leave 446 00:33:53,500 --> 00:33:54,708 for a vegetarian diet, 447 00:33:54,750 --> 00:33:55,958 it will increase 448 00:33:56,000 --> 00:33:57,208 about two thirds, 449 00:33:57,250 --> 00:33:58,583 and then if people leave 450 00:33:58,625 --> 00:33:59,833 to the vegan diet, 451 00:33:59,875 --> 00:34:01,083 which will result in a reduction 452 00:34:01,125 --> 00:34:02,791 in greenhouse gas emissions 453 00:34:02,833 --> 00:34:04,375 around 70%, 454 00:34:04,416 --> 00:34:05,791 be more than two thirds. 455 00:34:05,833 --> 00:34:07,250 So the main results from our study 456 00:34:07,291 --> 00:34:09,708 is it a step for more plant-based diets 457 00:34:09,750 --> 00:34:13,208 458 00:34:13,250 --> 00:34:15,416 can reduce greenhouse gas emissions 459 00:34:15,458 --> 00:34:17,083 up to two thirds 460 00:34:17,125 --> 00:34:21,250 and the results are reduced climate damage 461 00:34:21,291 --> 00:34:23,166 and reduce expenses 462 00:34:23,208 --> 00:34:27,791 for health care service $ 1.5 trillion. 463 00:34:32,208 --> 00:34:35,958 So, this will pass directly through your digestive tract... 464 00:34:36,000 --> 00:34:39,750 [man] If a doctor practices medicine in the West, 465 00:34:39,791 --> 00:34:41,875 in developed countries, 466 00:34:41,916 --> 00:34:46,333 most patients we see 467 00:34:46,375 --> 00:34:49,666 and the litany of diseases they brought in. 468 00:34:49,708 --> 00:34:54,625 the result is of them running high fat, 469 00:34:54,666 --> 00:34:57,958 high animal protein, high sugar food flow 470 00:34:58,000 --> 00:35:00,541 through their bloodstream and their tissues, 471 00:35:00,583 --> 00:35:02,916 hour after hour, day after day. 472 00:35:04,958 --> 00:35:07,958 We used to think that food only carries calories 473 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:12,125 for energy and protein for the use of structural buildings, 474 00:35:12,166 --> 00:35:15,000 but we now know that food carries information. 475 00:35:15,041 --> 00:35:18,000 Turns genes on and turns off genes, 476 00:35:18,041 --> 00:35:20,583 genes that stabilize your network, 477 00:35:20,625 --> 00:35:23,500 which suppresses cancer growth, which suppresses inflammation, 478 00:35:23,541 --> 00:35:26,166 and that's what happened All plant foods do, 479 00:35:26,208 --> 00:35:31,500 compared to animal foods which stimulates growth hormones 480 00:35:31,541 --> 00:35:35,166 and the process that promotes cancer growth, 481 00:35:35,208 --> 00:35:38,500 which is an oxidizing agent which damages our tissue. 482 00:35:38,541 --> 00:35:42,125 Oh, I thought about today when all Americans, all people around the world, are eating a plant-based diet. 483 00:35:42,166 --> 00:35:46,541 A large number of people are sick in our country 484 00:35:46,583 --> 00:35:50,166 will decrease quickly. 485 00:35:50,208 --> 00:35:52,375 The trillions of dollars we spend only treat their symptoms, 486 00:35:52,416 --> 00:35:57,250 no surgery was done and the stent was not placed 487 00:35:57,291 --> 00:36:00,250 488 00:36:00,291 --> 00:36:02,375 and the scan is not ordered, 489 00:36:02,416 --> 00:36:07,208 the economy actually has to encourage this change in consciousness too. 490 00:36:07,250 --> 00:36:09,750 So there are many positive things convergent power. 491 00:36:09,791 --> 00:36:12,666 I just hope we have enough time for this there is widespread knowledge to sink 492 00:36:12,708 --> 00:36:15,958 and followed up by quite a lot of people. 493 00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:19,125 [Springmann] The findings of our study relating to health are that, 494 00:36:22,625 --> 00:36:26,041 if people change their diet 495 00:36:26,083 --> 00:36:28,708 for diets that will be in line with global diet guidelines, 496 00:36:28,750 --> 00:36:32,416 then around five million 497 00:36:32,458 --> 00:36:34,791 can be saved. 498 00:36:34,833 --> 00:36:36,500 If people leave 499 00:36:36,541 --> 00:36:37,750 for a vegetarian diet, 500 00:36:37,791 --> 00:36:39,000 it will increase 501 00:36:39,041 --> 00:36:40,250 up to seven million people are saved, 502 00:36:40,291 --> 00:36:41,625 and if they go to a vegan diet, 503 00:36:41,666 --> 00:36:43,041 it will increase 504 00:36:43,083 --> 00:36:44,291 up to eight million people are saved. 505 00:36:44,333 --> 00:36:46,833 506 00:36:46,875 --> 00:36:51,208 So almost all majors, um... territories and countries 507 00:36:51,250 --> 00:36:54,375 can expect big savings due to changes in diet. 508 00:36:57,041 --> 00:37:00,791 We do believe that the government has the main role to play 509 00:37:00,833 --> 00:37:03,958 by forming a food environment that we all enter, 510 00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:08,083 for example by giving mandates labeling food, 511 00:37:08,125 --> 00:37:12,333 taxes, for example, food in terms of for their greenhouse gas emissions, 512 00:37:12,375 --> 00:37:14,708 which will drive consumption 513 00:37:14,750 --> 00:37:17,208 from the environment more sustainable food 514 00:37:17,250 --> 00:37:21,541 and reduce consumption very emit greenhouse gas food, 515 00:37:21,583 --> 00:37:23,791 like animal products. 516 00:37:25,875 --> 00:37:28,000 [narrator] When I was researching 517 00:37:28,041 --> 00:37:30,750 effects of meat consumption about biodiversity, 518 00:37:30,791 --> 00:37:33,916 I found a quote that stuck with me. 519 00:37:33,958 --> 00:37:37,666 "You eat steak, you kill lemurs in Madagascar. 520 00:37:37,708 --> 00:37:40,625 You eat chicken, you kill the Amazon parrot. " 521 00:37:40,666 --> 00:37:42,916 That is a comment made by a researcher 522 00:37:42,958 --> 00:37:45,583 on a study of habitat destruction 523 00:37:45,625 --> 00:37:47,916 for animal pastures and feeding plants. I met with the author of a newspaper in Miami, Florida. 524 00:37:47,958 --> 00:37:51,958 [man] Right now, is a mass extinction, 525 00:37:53,541 --> 00:37:55,916 it's called sixth mass extinction. year, 526 00:37:55,958 --> 00:37:59,250 we are at an accelerated level, about a thousand times 527 00:37:59,291 --> 00:38:03,833 what is natural background level. 528 00:38:03,875 --> 00:38:06,500 [chirruping insects] 529 00:38:06,541 --> 00:38:11,041 [birds call] 530 00:38:11,083 --> 00:38:13,500 biodiversity, this is structure of life 531 00:38:13,541 --> 00:38:15,416 This is a large collection of animals and plants 532 00:38:15,458 --> 00:38:17,500 533 00:38:17,541 --> 00:38:20,750 534 00:38:20,791 --> 00:38:24,041 535 00:38:24,083 --> 00:38:28,708 that is on this planet we hardly understand now. 536 00:38:28,750 --> 00:38:32,125 Tropical countries are covered with in this biodiversity. 537 00:38:32,166 --> 00:38:35,000 This is very important for us to protect it, 538 00:38:35,041 --> 00:38:38,333 not only because of what we know about that now 539 00:38:38,375 --> 00:38:40,958 but because of what we don't know about that. 540 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:43,000 We need to keep that for future generations 541 00:38:43,041 --> 00:38:45,375 so that they find and understand 542 00:38:45,416 --> 00:38:48,833 and developing beneficial products for humans but also only for the right to life there is and develops and develops in the future. 543 00:38:48,875 --> 00:38:54,416 The strongest force driving extinction around the world is consumption of animal products therefore it is responsible for destruction 544 00:38:54,458 --> 00:38:59,250 more habitats around the world 545 00:38:59,291 --> 00:39:01,541 than other human activities. 546 00:39:01,583 --> 00:39:03,541 547 00:39:03,583 --> 00:39:05,333 548 00:39:07,458 --> 00:39:11,833 If we look at the Amazon, which is the largest tropical forest in the world? it's the heart of biodiversity. 549 00:39:11,875 --> 00:39:14,458 More than 75% of all deforested landed in Amazon has been cut to produce livestock, 550 00:39:14,500 --> 00:39:19,125 It is good to directly put livestock in the grasslands that grow there instead of forests, 551 00:39:19,166 --> 00:39:22,250 or planting soybeans or corn which are fed to livestock 552 00:39:22,291 --> 00:39:27,583 and currently sent to the whole world to feed livestock in other countries. 553 00:39:27,625 --> 00:39:31,458 So the destruction of Amazon has been encouraged by animal products consumption, period. 554 00:39:31,500 --> 00:39:35,708 If everyone on this planet becomes vegan, 555 00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:39,583 which will free up a very large amount of land to be used for other resources. 556 00:39:39,625 --> 00:39:42,875 So one thing that can be done is to restore habitat 557 00:39:42,916 --> 00:39:46,083 558 00:39:46,125 --> 00:39:50,333 559 00:39:50,375 --> 00:39:53,958 560 00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:57,333 to traditional natural ecosystems, connects them together, 561 00:39:57,375 --> 00:40:01,125 creates a corridor between endangered habitat. 562 00:40:01,166 --> 00:40:05,416 At the same time, it can allow for the development of biofuels on the property too 563 00:40:05,458 --> 00:40:08,000 so that we can become more _ from a carbon neutral society. 564 00:40:08,041 --> 00:40:12,208 There are many innovations that can happen 565 00:40:12,250 --> 00:40:14,125 on the property if we attract meat consumption 566 00:40:14,166 --> 00:40:17,000 and meat production from that land. 567 00:40:17,041 --> 00:40:20,166 [Narrator] A diet rich in meat will need a 50% increase 568 00:40:23,416 --> 00:40:26,958 in the area of global agricultural land in 2050. 569 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:30,125 If the world becomes vegan in 2050, we will need less agricultural land 570 00:40:30,166 --> 00:40:34,416 than we did in 2000. 571 00:40:34,458 --> 00:40:37,208 This will allow us to reforest an area around size of the entire Amazon rainforest. 572 00:40:37,250 --> 00:40:40,125 573 00:40:40,166 --> 00:40:43,666 574 00:40:43,708 --> 00:40:47,458 Grasslands cover a quarter of our global land mass. 575 00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:51,083 Bill Ripple, an ecologist from the University of Oregon, 576 00:40:51,125 --> 00:40:54,208 is researching what happened to the grasslands 577 00:40:54,250 --> 00:40:57,375 when animals no longer graze. 578 00:40:57,416 --> 00:41:00,166 [Ripple] On Mount Hart National Wildlife Refuge, 579 00:41:00,208 --> 00:41:05,041 managers removed all livestock in 1990. 580 00:41:05,083 --> 00:41:11,375 We found a decrease of 90% in the amount of vacant land. 581 00:41:11,416 --> 00:41:14,541 We found an increase in willow. 582 00:41:14,583 --> 00:41:19,791 The increase is 388%, so it's significant 583 00:41:19,833 --> 00:41:24,041 because willow is an important indicator of biodiversity for these watersheds, 584 00:41:24,083 --> 00:41:26,291 because there are many species plants and animals 585 00:41:26,333 --> 00:41:30,916 correlates with abundance 586 00:41:30,958 --> 00:41:33,375 from Willow and Aspen. 587 00:41:33,416 --> 00:41:35,875 It's about 70 centimeters of aspen diameter trees, 588 00:41:39,250 --> 00:41:44,958 originated in the 1800s, 589 00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:47,375 590 00:41:47,416 --> 00:41:50,166 before the cattle arrive on Mount Hart. 591 00:41:50,208 --> 00:41:53,541 I think the importance of Mount Hart is here 592 00:41:53,583 --> 00:41:57,125 therefore a rare case where we have been documented 593 00:41:57,166 --> 00:42:01,291 what happens when cattle are removed from the landscape, 594 00:42:01,333 --> 00:42:05,125 what happens when cattle are removed from the watershed. 595 00:42:05,166 --> 00:42:08,125 Today, farm uses a large percentage 596 00:42:08,166 --> 00:42:11,250 from ground level, 597 00:42:11,291 --> 00:42:15,125 and if it can be changed for more natural uses, 598 00:42:15,166 --> 00:42:19,125 I think biodiversity will increase in those cases 599 00:42:19,166 --> 00:42:23,416 where there is less grazing, less crop production. 600 00:42:25,333 --> 00:42:28,500 ♪ 601 00:42:53,125 --> 00:42:55,000 [narrator] One of the countries 602 00:42:55,041 --> 00:42:58,125 that is often displayed in my research is India. 603 00:42:58,166 --> 00:43:00,250 In a few years, that will happen 604 00:43:00,291 --> 00:43:03,083 the most densely populated country on Earth. 605 00:43:03,125 --> 00:43:06,375 I keep on wondering, what is the community like? 606 00:43:06,416 --> 00:43:10,041 when 32% of the population are vegetarian? 607 00:43:10,083 --> 00:43:14,916 400 million shocking people in India don't eat any meat. 608 00:43:17,541 --> 00:43:20,375 Followed by 80% of the population, 609 00:43:20,416 --> 00:43:23,500 Hinduism is a department Indian religion. 610 00:43:23,541 --> 00:43:26,958 Hindus advocate nonviolence and respect all life, 611 00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:30,625 embracing vegetarianism. 612 00:43:30,666 --> 00:43:35,625 Culturally, we have what I like to call it mild indifference to animals, 613 00:43:35,666 --> 00:43:41,375 that's the reason you see animals around you when you live. 614 00:43:41,416 --> 00:43:44,750 You have all of your birds not shot down. 615 00:43:44,791 --> 00:43:47,291 You have a dog, of course, You have a cow. 616 00:43:47,333 --> 00:43:50,541 Your monkey is in the cities, you know. 617 00:43:50,583 --> 00:43:53,750 We see ourselves more as a whole, 618 00:43:53,791 --> 00:43:57,458 where there is a place for all other natural elements too. 619 00:43:57,500 --> 00:43:59,541 - [pedestrians chatting] - [horn honking] 620 00:44:03,041 --> 00:44:05,791 [Narrator] Cows in India are a common sight. 621 00:44:05,833 --> 00:44:08,791 About 50 million wild animals and wild dogs 622 00:44:08,833 --> 00:44:12,041 roaming the streets of India looking for food. 623 00:44:12,083 --> 00:44:14,208 After the provider for the family, 624 00:44:14,250 --> 00:44:18,333 cows are now seen by Hindus as mothers, 625 00:44:18,375 --> 00:44:22,416 men and women are as holy for their generosity. 626 00:44:22,458 --> 00:44:25,333 Cow slaughter is prohibited in most parts of India. 627 00:44:25,375 --> 00:44:29,916 Offenders may face up to ten years in prison. 628 00:44:34,333 --> 00:44:38,416 [women] People think that Indians treat cows as sacred animals, 629 00:44:38,458 --> 00:44:41,791 but the reality is far from that. 630 00:44:41,833 --> 00:44:46,958 India is apparently the biggest milk producer in the world, 631 00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:52,083 it is not surprising that India is also the biggest beef exporter and the fifth largest exporter of leather products. 632 00:44:52,125 --> 00:44:56,041 Because of the ban on slaughtering cows, 633 00:44:58,041 --> 00:45:00,666 milk owners use buffalo, because, of course, buffalo 634 00:45:00,708 --> 00:45:03,583 is exempt from this law. 635 00:45:03,625 --> 00:45:06,583 [horn horn] 636 00:45:08,375 --> 00:45:10,791 There is another very small part of the milk owner who really left their animals on the road. 637 00:45:10,833 --> 00:45:14,916 Now, one strange thing, that this concept 638 00:45:14,958 --> 00:45:17,708 leave animals free on the road 639 00:45:17,750 --> 00:45:21,750 much better than animals are in a milk factory, 640 00:45:21,791 --> 00:45:23,958 but they do not have access to food and water, 641 00:45:24,000 --> 00:45:26,625 so they have no choice but to find food in the trash. 642 00:45:26,666 --> 00:45:29,208 Most of these items are disposable 643 00:45:29,250 --> 00:45:32,958 dumped in bound plastic bag. 644 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:35,958 645 00:45:36,000 --> 00:45:38,875 646 00:45:38,916 --> 00:45:41,583 These animals can't open the bag 647 00:45:41,625 --> 00:45:44,708 so they can't help it eat this bag 648 00:45:44,750 --> 00:45:47,083 along with the food in it. 649 00:45:56,041 --> 00:45:58,875 [woman] In urban youth, will go to all these colleges, 650 00:45:58,916 --> 00:46:02,333 even in this way companies come to India 651 00:46:02,375 --> 00:46:04,208 and sort of targeting youth, 652 00:46:04,250 --> 00:46:07,333 non-vegetable consumption must increase 653 00:46:07,375 --> 00:46:11,458 among urban elite youth who thinks it's cool or hip 654 00:46:11,500 --> 00:46:14,583 to sort consume non-vegetables, to say that, 655 00:46:14,625 --> 00:46:16,750 "Oh, I am open minded and liberal 656 00:46:16,791 --> 00:46:19,125 and say I can do it non-veg, that's right." 657 00:46:21,208 --> 00:46:24,458 [Sharma] As a middle class income grows 658 00:46:24,500 --> 00:46:26,500 with economic growth, 659 00:46:26,541 --> 00:46:30,875 that's when consumption luxury goods increases, 660 00:46:30,916 --> 00:46:36,375 and cheese and milk and more eggs and meat, 661 00:46:36,416 --> 00:46:39,083 including exotic meat all are part of that continuum. 662 00:46:39,125 --> 00:46:44,291 If we can survive steadily 663 00:46:44,333 --> 00:46:47,916 non-vegetarian growth rates, it will be a big win. 664 00:46:50,958 --> 00:46:53,833 [Narrator] Palitana, a city in the state of Gujarat 665 00:46:53,875 --> 00:46:56,875 in northern India, made headlines in 2014 666 00:46:56,916 --> 00:47:00,625 as the first vegetarian city In the world. 667 00:47:00,666 --> 00:47:03,166 Also known as as a temple city, 668 00:47:03,208 --> 00:47:06,833 Palitana is one of the most sanctuaries for Jain, 669 00:47:06,875 --> 00:47:10,458 ancient religion is said to be even older than Buddhism. 670 00:47:10,500 --> 00:47:12,500 [Indian instruments playing] 671 00:47:31,958 --> 00:47:35,458 [speaking foreign languages] 672 00:47:35,500 --> 00:47:38,791 Jain Dharma believes in in nonviolence. 673 00:47:40,625 --> 00:47:43,291 Without birds, without animals, no insects, 674 00:47:43,333 --> 00:47:46,333 no human must be harmed. 675 00:47:46,375 --> 00:47:52,166 Every and every living thing has the right to live. 676 00:47:52,208 --> 00:47:55,791 You live and let others live. 677 00:47:59,708 --> 00:48:01,375 One hundred years... 678 00:48:03,166 --> 00:48:06,041 many slaughterhouses are permitted. 679 00:48:06,083 --> 00:48:09,500 That's why it's our job to stop them. 680 00:48:09,541 --> 00:48:13,083 If they aren't Jain, then what? 681 00:48:13,125 --> 00:48:15,166 This is a holy place. 682 00:48:15,208 --> 00:48:18,125 You cannot kill every living thing. 683 00:48:18,166 --> 00:48:19,875 You cannot harm them. 684 00:48:19,916 --> 00:48:24,041 [News announcer speaks foreign language] 685 00:48:24,083 --> 00:48:29,250 [Maharaj] All monks from Palitana, we went to fast. 686 00:48:29,291 --> 00:48:33,416 If the government of Gujarat 687 00:48:33,458 --> 00:48:38,500 will not stop slaughter, then we will sacrifice our lives 688 00:48:38,541 --> 00:48:40,083 for animals. 689 00:48:40,125 --> 00:48:44,250 I announce, "If you want meat, 690 00:48:44,291 --> 00:48:48,750 we will donate our meat, our own flesh." 691 00:48:48,791 --> 00:48:51,833 You cut us, you kill us. 692 00:48:51,875 --> 00:48:55,416 So you eat our meat. You eat our body. 693 00:48:57,875 --> 00:49:01,541 [narrator] Vegetarian zone was founded in 1999, 694 00:49:01,583 --> 00:49:05,500 two kilometers along the main road to the temple hill. 695 00:49:05,541 --> 00:49:09,458 In an area of 250 meters to each side, meat sales, 696 00:49:09,500 --> 00:49:12,208 fish and eggs are prohibited by law. 697 00:49:12,250 --> 00:49:15,291 The aim of the monks is to build a bigger zone within a nine kilometer radius around the city. 698 00:49:15,333 --> 00:49:18,708 All butchers, we took the meeting here. 699 00:49:21,333 --> 00:49:24,583 Around 80 to 90 _ butchers come here. 700 00:49:24,625 --> 00:49:28,666 So we gave them the choice that whatever your needs are, 701 00:49:28,708 --> 00:49:34,625 we will help you. 702 00:49:34,666 --> 00:49:36,833 We give them money to change their profession. 703 00:49:36,875 --> 00:49:39,833 [men who speak foreign languages] 704 00:49:39,875 --> 00:49:42,875 [Narrator] The former butchers, 705 00:49:44,541 --> 00:49:46,166 which now has food and clothing stores, 706 00:49:46,208 --> 00:49:48,250 don't want to talk in front of the camera, 707 00:49:48,291 --> 00:49:50,333 708 00:49:50,375 --> 00:49:52,916 but they deny having it received compensation and said they felt embarrassed from their previous profession. 709 00:49:52,958 --> 00:49:55,958 Muslim community, which is responsible for 25% of the city population compared to only 3% Jain, not happy with the ban 710 00:49:56,000 --> 00:50:00,333 and consider their religious freedom has been violated. 711 00:50:00,375 --> 00:50:03,750 When I found the backyard slaughterhouse, 712 00:50:03,791 --> 00:50:07,250 the meat has been sold 713 00:50:08,541 --> 00:50:10,833 and leftovers are fed for dogs. 714 00:50:10,875 --> 00:50:12,583 Butchers are suspicious and reluctant to talk, 715 00:50:12,625 --> 00:50:15,125 similar to city officials who refer me to the district headquarters in Bhavnagar. 716 00:50:15,166 --> 00:50:18,291 [Maharaj] We believe in to God Adinath immediately 717 00:50:18,333 --> 00:50:20,833 all Palitana, holy city, zone vegetarian, 718 00:50:20,875 --> 00:50:23,833 vegetarian city. 719 00:50:25,958 --> 00:50:31,208 And it's not just Palitana. 720 00:50:31,250 --> 00:50:35,750 721 00:50:35,791 --> 00:50:38,083 722 00:50:38,125 --> 00:50:41,125 723 00:50:41,166 --> 00:50:43,958 My wish is 724 00:50:44,000 --> 00:50:46,916 that whatever the mission goes from Palitana, 725 00:50:46,958 --> 00:50:51,916 it must be intact, towards the whole world. 726 00:50:51,958 --> 00:50:54,333 The whole world should be vegetarian. 727 00:50:58,208 --> 00:51:01,375 [narrator] In Mumbai, I want to learn more about Jainism 728 00:51:01,416 --> 00:51:05,166 and related with Pramoda Chitrabhanu, a Jain vegan. 729 00:51:05,208 --> 00:51:08,125 I met him in the Malabar Hill district, 730 00:51:08,166 --> 00:51:11,125 one of the most luxurious residential areas in Mumbai 731 00:51:11,166 --> 00:51:14,250 and exclusively vegetarian environment. 732 00:51:16,583 --> 00:51:19,916 Ahimsa is the center of this philosophy 733 00:51:19,958 --> 00:51:24,750 because in 599 BC, Lord Mahavira, 734 00:51:24,791 --> 00:51:29,125 who is the last apostle Jain religion, 735 00:51:29,166 --> 00:51:34,250 he said that is ignoring and disrespectful existence of life on earth, water, fire, air, 736 00:51:34,291 --> 00:51:39,208 vegetation, and all life forms, 737 00:51:39,250 --> 00:51:42,625 738 00:51:42,666 --> 00:51:46,291 ignore and disrespect own existence 739 00:51:46,333 --> 00:51:50,333 because all life is intertwined with each other. 740 00:51:54,333 --> 00:51:59,750 The best way to stop these people eat meat 741 00:51:59,791 --> 00:52:02,750 going through education. 742 00:52:02,791 --> 00:52:05,083 Education is the only way. 743 00:52:05,125 --> 00:52:10,250 I don't think so by stopping and burning the slaughterhouse, all of that. 744 00:52:10,291 --> 00:52:13,458 And to stop that, someone has to come out 745 00:52:13,500 --> 00:52:15,541 and educate them, talk with them, 746 00:52:15,583 --> 00:52:19,083 make them understand why we talk about this, 747 00:52:19,125 --> 00:52:23,791 make them understand that animals are not commodities. 748 00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:31,000 [Narrator] My experience in India made me wonder 749 00:52:31,041 --> 00:52:33,833 what our city and community can look like 750 00:52:33,875 --> 00:52:37,416 if we no longer see animals as commodities. 751 00:52:37,458 --> 00:52:40,666 In Leipzig, I met with artist Hartmut Kiewert, 752 00:52:40,708 --> 00:52:45,333 who dream of very different things the way to live with animals. 753 00:53:50,625 --> 00:53:52,708 [snorting pigs] 754 00:54:05,083 --> 00:54:06,708 [snorting pigs] 755 00:55:01,791 --> 00:55:05,041 [Narrator] During my research, I found "Zoopolis," 756 00:55:05,083 --> 00:55:07,291 a term that describes the environment 757 00:55:07,333 --> 00:55:11,333 where humans and animals not only live side by side 758 00:55:11,375 --> 00:55:15,541 but also develops side by side. 759 00:55:15,583 --> 00:55:19,416 [woman] The idea of Zoopolis emerged from that idea 760 00:55:19,458 --> 00:55:23,541 urban theory, ideas about cities and how cities work, 761 00:55:23,583 --> 00:55:26,416 really just about people, 762 00:55:26,458 --> 00:55:30,041 and when I started thinking, "Well, who actually lives in the city?" 763 00:55:30,083 --> 00:55:33,083 it's clear, and it's clear, 764 00:55:33,125 --> 00:55:35,458 there are many non-humans who live in cities, 765 00:55:35,500 --> 00:55:41,375 so I want to make what I call the urban transspecies theory, 766 00:55:41,416 --> 00:55:44,083 and also transspecies urban practice 767 00:55:44,125 --> 00:55:47,500 where is the environment built professional... 768 00:55:47,541 --> 00:55:49,833 Environmental designers, architects, planners, 769 00:55:49,875 --> 00:55:52,083 landscape architect, engineer... 770 00:55:52,125 --> 00:55:56,333 Actually thinking about it is a nonhuman population of cities 771 00:55:56,375 --> 00:55:58,833 and human population and their needs. 772 00:55:58,875 --> 00:56:01,875 But I think that raises questions 773 00:56:01,916 --> 00:56:03,916 how do you enter animals 774 00:56:03,958 --> 00:56:06,458 democratically decision to make a process, 775 00:56:06,500 --> 00:56:09,291 in citizenship discourse, 776 00:56:09,333 --> 00:56:14,208 in a way that makes... 777 00:56:14,250 --> 00:56:20,041 needs and wants and desires part of the conversation? 778 00:56:21,875 --> 00:56:23,625 [narrator] Two Canadian philosophers 779 00:56:23,666 --> 00:56:27,458 changing the concept of Zoopolis into a radical claim, 780 00:56:27,500 --> 00:56:31,791 will be considered so far our fellow citizens. 781 00:56:31,833 --> 00:56:33,708 While most of the rights are animal philosophers 782 00:56:33,750 --> 00:56:37,250 calls for the separation of world humans and animals, 783 00:56:37,291 --> 00:56:40,000 Will Kymlicka and Sue Donaldson believe 784 00:56:40,041 --> 00:56:42,625 that the shared world is possible. 785 00:56:44,333 --> 00:56:47,666 [Donaldson] If we look around outside the window here, 786 00:56:47,708 --> 00:56:50,958 we see all kinds of animals that make their homes 787 00:56:51,000 --> 00:56:54,125 in our cities, our community, our home, 788 00:56:54,166 --> 00:56:58,000 and ideas that we can somehow live apart from animals 789 00:56:58,041 --> 00:57:00,750 and avoid domination and such exploits 790 00:57:00,791 --> 00:57:02,208 really not realistic. 791 00:57:04,416 --> 00:57:07,333 [Kymlicka] Yes, so we distinguish three categories, 792 00:57:07,375 --> 00:57:10,333 or three broad patterns, relationship. 793 00:57:10,375 --> 00:57:14,083 So pets we think should be seen as 794 00:57:14,125 --> 00:57:15,710 members of our community, 795 00:57:15,735 --> 00:57:18,434 and the way that we affirm membership is through citizenship. 796 00:57:18,458 --> 00:57:21,500 So we have to think pets as our citizens, 797 00:57:21,541 --> 00:57:23,666 and that means, like other citizens, 798 00:57:23,708 --> 00:57:28,000 they will have the right to protect from danger right to health care, 799 00:57:28,041 --> 00:57:30,541 right to politics representative 800 00:57:30,583 --> 00:57:33,708 to have their interests taken into account. 801 00:57:33,750 --> 00:57:35,958 And, of course, the right to stay here and residency rights. 802 00:57:36,000 --> 00:57:38,916 The second category concerns animals that continue to live 803 00:57:41,250 --> 00:57:45,791 apart from humans in their own habitat. 804 00:57:45,833 --> 00:57:48,916 So there isn't much of the wilderness left in this world, 805 00:57:48,958 --> 00:57:51,125 we continue to conquer and colonize, 806 00:57:51,166 --> 00:57:53,666 so we recognize the rights of territory 807 00:57:53,708 --> 00:57:55,875 and the right wild animal 808 00:57:55,916 --> 00:57:57,625 to live independently in their area. 809 00:57:57,666 --> 00:57:59,791 And in political theory, we bundle these rights for territory and autonomy 810 00:57:59,833 --> 00:58:05,000 811 00:58:05,041 --> 00:58:07,375 under the idea of sovereignty, 812 00:58:07,416 --> 00:58:09,916 so we have to think wild animals 813 00:58:09,958 --> 00:58:11,916 has sovereignty rights 814 00:58:11,958 --> 00:58:14,083 for themselves and their territory. 815 00:58:15,958 --> 00:58:17,500 And the third category, 816 00:58:17,541 --> 00:58:19,416 which in some cases is the least studied, 817 00:58:19,458 --> 00:58:21,666 the most theorized in animal rights debates, 818 00:58:21,708 --> 00:58:25,875 concerning uncommitted animals that live among us. 819 00:58:25,916 --> 00:58:29,541 So, urban wildlife, to simplify it. 820 00:58:29,583 --> 00:58:32,750 Crows, doves, ducks, mice, 821 00:58:32,791 --> 00:58:34,375 squirrel. 822 00:58:34,416 --> 00:58:36,583 So in our view, we need to recognize 823 00:58:36,625 --> 00:58:39,000 that these animals live among us, 824 00:58:39,041 --> 00:58:41,125 and they have it residency rights 825 00:58:41,166 --> 00:58:43,333 and we need to learn to live side by side. 826 00:58:43,375 --> 00:58:46,750 So they have rights to be accommodated in this shared room. 827 00:58:46,791 --> 00:58:49,041 But it's a loose type of relationship 828 00:58:49,083 --> 00:58:51,916 829 00:58:51,958 --> 00:58:55,333 rather than citizenship, and we call it "humiliation". 830 00:58:59,750 --> 00:59:01,708 So, all this time has committed to that idea 831 00:59:01,750 --> 00:59:03,458 that we will go to live together 832 00:59:03,500 --> 00:59:05,500 with at least some pets, 833 00:59:05,541 --> 00:59:08,750 what we want is a way of framing the relationship 834 00:59:08,791 --> 00:59:13,250 which burdens us an obligation be responsive to them, 835 00:59:13,291 --> 00:59:16,541 for animals, and that is what we see as citizenship. 836 00:59:19,625 --> 00:59:23,875 [narrator] It's hard to imagine it the world with animals as our fellow citizens. 837 00:59:23,916 --> 00:59:26,458 But there is already a small community 838 00:59:26,500 --> 00:59:29,916 where this idea does not appear is too far from reality. 839 00:59:29,958 --> 00:59:33,166 German writer and activist Hilal Sezgin 840 00:59:33,208 --> 00:59:35,291 moved from city to rural 841 00:59:35,333 --> 00:59:38,416 and accidentally adopts a flock of sheep. 842 00:59:38,458 --> 00:59:41,166 [quack duck] 843 01:01:09,708 --> 01:01:11,000 [harrumphs] 844 01:02:20,791 --> 01:02:23,000 [keyboard clacking] 845 01:02:23,041 --> 01:02:25,333 [Steve] Hmm, he should be for a family walk. 846 01:02:26,916 --> 01:02:28,916 ♪ 847 01:02:36,208 --> 01:02:40,583 [Narrator] I heard that others have traded life in the suburbs for the countryside. 848 01:02:40,625 --> 01:02:42,333 Esther the Wonder Pig. 849 01:02:42,375 --> 01:02:43,958 Through crowd-funding campaign, 850 01:02:44,000 --> 01:02:47,083 Steve, Derek and Esther established a farm shelter 851 01:02:47,125 --> 01:02:49,125 outside Toronto. 852 01:02:50,291 --> 01:02:54,083 [Crane] So great Ever Esther Ranch Sanctuary is 50 hectares, 853 01:02:54,125 --> 01:02:59,041 and half of it is leveled and the other half is fields. 854 01:02:59,083 --> 01:03:02,500 We have Indiegogo fundraising campaign, 855 01:03:02,541 --> 01:03:07,083 and in 60 days, we collected $ 450,000. 856 01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:12,208 So this is a forest paddock. 857 01:03:12,250 --> 01:03:15,833 And... this is someone living in a dream. 858 01:03:15,875 --> 01:03:18,625 - [Steve chuckles] - This is Leonard. 859 01:03:18,666 --> 01:03:21,041 There is a gate there that allows him to enter the area 860 01:03:21,083 --> 01:03:24,583 from the back of the warehouse and to the warehouse, so that he can go wherever he wants. 861 01:03:24,625 --> 01:03:28,583 You know, pigs in the wild will travel six to eight miles a day. 862 01:03:28,625 --> 01:03:32,750 The second we open the gate for big pigs coming into the forest, 863 01:03:32,791 --> 01:03:36,458 they are like, "What?" You know, "This is amazing!" 864 01:03:37,958 --> 01:03:40,250 I like to see pigs in just cold forests, 865 01:03:40,291 --> 01:03:42,833 like Esther when she walks through the forest. 866 01:03:42,875 --> 01:03:46,000 He is only in the element, He is very happy. 867 01:03:49,416 --> 01:03:53,916 The idea behind a refuge is to let the animal be themselves. 868 01:03:53,958 --> 01:03:57,041 This is really neat to see an animal comes here alone, 869 01:03:57,083 --> 01:04:00,833 You know, only one, and see how they begin to integrate 870 01:04:00,875 --> 01:04:03,791 and create friendships with different animals 871 01:04:03,833 --> 01:04:07,750 and cross species where everyone fits. 872 01:04:07,791 --> 01:04:10,291 You know, not everyone associates, 873 01:04:10,333 --> 01:04:12,666 and we also recognize that, and they don't need to do it, 874 01:04:12,708 --> 01:04:15,208 Because there are two sides to the fence. 875 01:04:15,250 --> 01:04:17,666 They can be on that side or they can be on this side. 876 01:04:17,708 --> 01:04:21,666 It's only about recognizing their needs. 877 01:04:26,791 --> 01:04:28,958 [Narrator] The idea is from agricultural shelters is providing safe haven for animals 878 01:04:29,000 --> 01:04:31,541 those saved or passed from factory farms 879 01:04:31,583 --> 01:04:34,708 and slaughterhouses. 880 01:04:34,750 --> 01:04:36,625 Here, they are treated and given the opportunity 881 01:04:36,666 --> 01:04:39,333 to behave as naturally as possible protective environment. 882 01:04:39,375 --> 01:04:43,750 I wonder what people are running these holy places 883 01:04:43,791 --> 01:04:47,375 884 01:04:47,416 --> 01:04:50,666 have learned from life very close to livestock 885 01:04:50,708 --> 01:04:52,458 for years. 886 01:04:54,625 --> 01:04:57,583 [man] Ranch sanctuary began back in the mid 1980s 887 01:04:57,625 --> 01:05:00,375 to combat violations from livestock, 888 01:05:00,416 --> 01:05:03,750 and we started by investigating farms and stockyards and slaughterhouses. 889 01:05:03,791 --> 01:05:06,875 We will find live animals completely dumped in the trash 890 01:05:06,916 --> 01:05:08,583 or on a pile of dead animals. 891 01:05:08,625 --> 01:05:10,375 We started saving them 892 01:05:10,416 --> 01:05:12,375 and we sell vegan hot dogs 893 01:05:12,416 --> 01:05:14,958 in the Grateful Dead event to finance work. 894 01:05:15,000 --> 01:05:16,458 And we now have three refuges, 895 01:05:16,500 --> 01:05:18,125 one in New York, two in California. 896 01:05:19,208 --> 01:05:21,625 The first animal farm rescue protection is Hilda, 897 01:05:21,666 --> 01:05:26,666 who is a sheep, left in a pile of dead animals behind the storage area. 898 01:05:26,708 --> 01:05:29,333 The dagger is very thick, You can hear them buzzing 899 01:05:29,375 --> 01:05:31,166 when they devour these carcasses. 900 01:05:31,208 --> 01:05:33,833 And out of this pile, a sheep raises its head. 901 01:05:33,875 --> 01:05:38,291 And we are stunned that living animals will be thrown away like garbage in this way. 902 01:05:38,333 --> 01:05:41,583 And we took it from the dead pile thinking he must be turned off. 903 01:05:41,625 --> 01:05:45,333 But as a veterinarian begins to look at him and examine it, 904 01:05:45,375 --> 01:05:48,291 he starts encouraging then he stands up, 905 01:05:48,333 --> 01:05:51,708 and he lives a good and long life. 906 01:05:51,750 --> 01:05:55,208 And finally all of us, _ humans and other animals, 907 01:05:55,250 --> 01:05:57,458 want a good life, long life, 908 01:05:57,500 --> 01:06:00,708 and livestock not given the opportunity. 909 01:06:00,750 --> 01:06:02,333 [engine idling] 910 01:06:02,375 --> 01:06:04,333 [woman] Hi! 911 01:06:09,625 --> 01:06:11,833 Animals on animal farms sanctuaries 912 01:06:11,875 --> 01:06:16,083 behaves very differently than if you to meet them on the farm. 913 01:06:16,125 --> 01:06:18,875 Many of these animals are very tough and they lost their fears of people, 914 01:06:18,916 --> 01:06:21,583 and it allows people to see their personality. 915 01:06:21,625 --> 01:06:24,583 [sniff] 916 01:06:24,625 --> 01:06:26,166 We have three of these turkeys, Boone, Alphonso and Hershel, 917 01:06:27,208 --> 01:06:31,291 and in the early days, they will follow us everywhere, 918 01:06:31,333 --> 01:06:34,041 when we tour and bring people. 919 01:06:34,083 --> 01:06:36,583 And sometimes you can know 920 01:06:36,625 --> 01:06:38,541 that is like what a wife and husband and children bring, 921 01:06:38,583 --> 01:06:41,875 and he who has it affection in his heart for animals 922 01:06:41,916 --> 01:06:46,041 and he tried to expose his family to it. 923 01:06:46,083 --> 01:06:48,250 We see this a lot. 924 01:06:48,291 --> 01:06:50,166 [turkey shaking] 925 01:06:50,208 --> 01:06:51,541 So this father is walking around, 926 01:06:51,583 --> 01:06:54,125 927 01:06:54,166 --> 01:06:57,000 and you can say he is just sort of saved for himself 928 01:06:57,041 --> 01:07:00,041 and his hand in his pocket and rather startling 929 01:07:00,083 --> 01:07:03,625 and laugh and grin at the turkey because they will follow, 930 01:07:03,666 --> 01:07:07,625 and if children will laugh or clap their hands, the turkey will respond. 931 01:07:07,666 --> 01:07:12,500 But at the end of the tour, I looked up and he stroked Hershel's head, 932 01:07:12,541 --> 01:07:16,250 and then he sort of squatted and he faced Hershel, 933 01:07:16,291 --> 01:07:19,458 and I see like tears down his face, 934 01:07:19,500 --> 01:07:23,916 and he said to his children he was wrong all this time 935 01:07:23,958 --> 01:07:27,583 and he is very resistant to his wife, their mother, 936 01:07:27,625 --> 01:07:32,083 and he never realized that they could be very friendly and what they have such unique personalities 937 01:07:32,125 --> 01:07:34,750 and he can find himself very fond of a turkey. 938 01:07:34,791 --> 01:07:38,673 939 01:07:41,958 --> 01:07:43,708 ♪ 940 01:07:49,208 --> 01:07:51,041 [children's calls] 941 01:07:55,958 --> 01:07:57,798 [Narrator] This is the first day open this year 942 01:07:57,833 --> 01:08:01,708 on Friend Animal Rescue in Kent, England. 943 01:08:01,750 --> 01:08:04,541 I came here to learn how visitors interact 944 01:08:04,583 --> 01:08:07,458 with livestock in a shelter. 945 01:08:07,500 --> 01:08:09,916 [lively chat] 946 01:08:11,875 --> 01:08:15,625 [man] When I first appeared here, I am a committed meat eater. 947 01:08:17,416 --> 01:08:19,583 And I met Marion. 948 01:08:19,625 --> 01:08:22,958 I just saw this little woman here alone 949 01:08:23,000 --> 01:08:26,750 with all these pigs and cows and sheep and horses, 950 01:08:26,791 --> 01:08:30,166 just taking care of them, giving them food and watering it. 951 01:08:30,208 --> 01:08:33,458 I'm like, wow, it's like a Disney cartoon. 952 01:08:33,500 --> 01:08:35,375 That inspired me. 953 01:08:35,416 --> 01:08:37,833 I really believe I have to eat meat. 954 01:08:37,875 --> 01:08:42,250 And on the premise, really, if not, I will get sick, maybe die. 955 01:08:42,291 --> 01:08:47,375 So when he explained to me about industry, 956 01:08:47,416 --> 01:08:49,875 livestock industry and what happened, 957 01:08:49,916 --> 01:08:52,541 they were massacred so young, as an example. 958 01:08:52,583 --> 01:08:55,000 Most of them are babies, under one year. 959 01:08:55,041 --> 01:08:58,791 You kind of... I became defensive, I think a lot of people do it. 960 01:08:58,833 --> 01:09:00,833 [woman] You like carrots, no? 961 01:09:00,875 --> 01:09:02,333 Oh! [laughs] 962 01:09:02,375 --> 01:09:05,166 [Eaton] There are only so many livestock 963 01:09:05,208 --> 01:09:07,375 because people choose to eat it. 964 01:09:08,291 --> 01:09:11,000 When you start meeting these animals, 965 01:09:11,041 --> 01:09:13,791 it brings a softer side, 966 01:09:13,833 --> 01:09:17,000 and I think you should be so very, very kind or almost brutal suddenly encounters these animals 967 01:09:17,041 --> 01:09:21,041 968 01:09:21,083 --> 01:09:23,500 and decided, "I can continue to eat them." 969 01:09:24,791 --> 01:09:27,500 It affects my big-time, in such a way, 970 01:09:27,541 --> 01:09:30,250 not only am I vegan, 971 01:09:30,291 --> 01:09:35,083 I ended up staying 15 years old, married Marion, 972 01:09:35,125 --> 01:09:36,958 and that changed my life forever. 973 01:09:38,791 --> 01:09:43,416 So it will be very good example of this place. 974 01:09:43,458 --> 01:09:45,916 [cow moos] 975 01:09:45,958 --> 01:09:48,833 [crowd laughing] 976 01:09:48,875 --> 01:09:51,125 [horse snort] 977 01:09:51,166 --> 01:09:52,958 [Narrator] The Erdlingshof, 978 01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:55,541 small refuge in Bavarian forest, 979 01:09:55,583 --> 01:09:58,416 has a special focus on bulls saved from the dairy industry. 980 01:09:58,458 --> 01:10:01,416 [running water] 981 01:10:37,333 --> 01:10:39,541 ♪ 982 01:11:08,208 --> 01:11:10,208 [Baur] The Sanctuaries provide some kind of aspiration 983 01:11:13,541 --> 01:11:18,333 to the type of world we can create, 984 01:11:18,375 --> 01:11:21,125 one place where animals live with us and we live with them, 985 01:11:21,166 --> 01:11:25,416 986 01:11:25,458 --> 01:11:30,666 and no one should be afraid of anyone because we do not kill and eat it. 987 01:11:30,708 --> 01:11:34,541 Now, there are also animals that are carnivores, 988 01:11:34,583 --> 01:11:38,333 and it creates some challenging situations 989 01:11:38,375 --> 01:11:41,500 for someone with a vegan mindset. 990 01:11:41,541 --> 01:11:45,291 But in the end, certain animals have no choice. 991 01:11:45,333 --> 01:11:48,250 Lions cannot live on plants. 992 01:11:48,291 --> 01:11:50,708 Humans do have choices. 993 01:11:50,750 --> 01:11:54,583 We can live and we can develop eat plants not animals. 994 01:11:54,625 --> 01:11:58,666 [Narrator] The role of animals in society has developed dramatically. 995 01:11:58,708 --> 01:12:03,500 We have learned a lot about animal cognitive abilities and social development. 996 01:12:03,541 --> 01:12:07,041 Pigs, for example, share a number of cognitive capacities 997 01:12:07,083 --> 01:12:09,416 with very other intelligent species, 998 01:12:09,458 --> 01:12:14,875 but the law is still considering all animals are only goods. 999 01:12:14,916 --> 01:12:17,458 [woman] There is a law affecting all animals. 1000 01:12:17,500 --> 01:12:19,911 In the United States, we have the Animal Welfare Law. 1001 01:12:19,950 --> 01:12:22,059 Unfortunately, even though this is called the Animal Welfare Act, 1002 01:12:22,083 --> 01:12:26,000 it doesn't cover livestock, so it doesn't cover 99% of animals 1003 01:12:26,041 --> 01:12:28,625 in industrial use in the United States, 1004 01:12:28,666 --> 01:12:30,625 and there are other important things exceptions too, 1005 01:12:30,666 --> 01:12:32,458 but let's face it, is a big exception. 1006 01:12:32,500 --> 01:12:35,458 That's all animals, basically, from a statistical point of view. 1007 01:12:35,500 --> 01:12:39,343 All animals are livestock, they are not protected by federal law. 1008 01:12:41,125 --> 01:12:45,291 [man] For hundreds of years, has already had this high and thick legal wall, 1009 01:12:45,333 --> 01:12:48,125 and on the one hand it's all legal matters 1010 01:12:48,166 --> 01:12:50,125 and the other side is a legal person. 1011 01:12:50,166 --> 01:12:52,416 If you take photos in 2015, 1012 01:12:52,458 --> 01:12:55,541 all animals that are not human the world are on the side of things 1013 01:12:55,583 --> 01:12:58,083 and all humans are on the side of people. 1014 01:12:58,125 --> 01:13:00,083 It's not always like that. 1015 01:13:00,125 --> 01:13:02,240 Two hundred years ago, women might be things. 1016 01:13:02,265 --> 01:13:04,333 Slaves are objects, children are things, 1017 01:13:04,375 --> 01:13:08,375 but now, everything non-human animals are things 1018 01:13:08,416 --> 01:13:10,000 and all humans are human. 1019 01:13:10,041 --> 01:13:12,041 And the work The Non-Human Rights Project, 1020 01:13:12,083 --> 01:13:14,875 especially the initial goal, is to penetrate the wall 1021 01:13:14,916 --> 01:13:19,958 and start bringing as many as possible non-human animals as possible 1022 01:13:20,000 --> 01:13:23,791 through that wall from the side of from things to the side of people. 1023 01:13:23,833 --> 01:13:26,583 Everything is a slave and slaves are things. 1024 01:13:26,625 --> 01:13:29,541 When humans are slaves, they are treated with excitement. 1025 01:13:29,583 --> 01:13:33,416 Nonhumans are slaves, they are treated horrendously too. 1026 01:13:33,458 --> 01:13:36,125 And if they are not treated horrendously, 1027 01:13:36,166 --> 01:13:39,666 like my dog, Yogi who's hanging around here, 1028 01:13:39,708 --> 01:13:42,333 she wasn't treated horrendously at all. 1029 01:13:42,375 --> 01:13:45,291 She's a very happy dog. 1030 01:13:45,333 --> 01:13:49,833 But that's actually because I want to treat it like that. 1031 01:13:49,875 --> 01:13:52,750 If I want him to be killed, he will be killed. 1032 01:13:52,791 --> 01:13:55,875 If I want to do something about it it doesn't include cruelty, 1033 01:13:55,916 --> 01:13:58,208 I can do something to him. 1034 01:13:58,250 --> 01:14:00,875 And that's not true. 1035 01:14:02,833 --> 01:14:04,708 [women] Any lawyer who works for social change 1036 01:14:04,750 --> 01:14:07,333 will tell you that the law usually follows the community 1037 01:14:07,375 --> 01:14:09,333 and not vice versa. 1038 01:14:09,375 --> 01:14:11,666 And what we've seen over the past few decades 1039 01:14:11,708 --> 01:14:14,375 is that the community has made extraordinary steps 1040 01:14:14,416 --> 01:14:19,208 in understanding the animal deserves our mercy and our respect. 1041 01:14:19,250 --> 01:14:23,541 We now know that, in everything matter, animals are just like us. 1042 01:14:23,583 --> 01:14:29,083 They feel scared, they feel pain, but they also experience positive excitement and emotion. 1043 01:14:29,125 --> 01:14:32,708 A change of law means that we can make animals tomorrow is giving them the right to have someone representing their interests in court. 1044 01:14:32,750 --> 01:14:36,875 Obviously animals cannot speak for themselves, 1045 01:14:36,916 --> 01:14:39,458 and in that case they are the same as children or people who cannot afford 1046 01:14:39,500 --> 01:14:43,458 who have special supporters who go to court for them. 1047 01:14:43,500 --> 01:14:46,583 We can set it the same system for animals 1048 01:14:46,625 --> 01:14:48,750 so that lawyers can speak on behalf of animals, 1049 01:14:48,791 --> 01:14:51,708 represent their interests and ensure that they are protected. 1050 01:14:51,750 --> 01:14:54,916 1051 01:14:54,958 --> 01:14:59,541 [Sullivan] When people become more concerned, There will be more rules. 1052 01:14:59,583 --> 01:15:01,958 Then the product will be more expensive the usage will be reduced. 1053 01:15:02,000 --> 01:15:04,666 I don't think there will be a law against eating meat, 1054 01:15:04,708 --> 01:15:08,208 but I think that day will come when it will become socially unacceptable. 1055 01:15:08,250 --> 01:15:12,250 I don't see... I think is very interesting 1056 01:15:12,291 --> 01:15:15,666 that 98% of this country eats meat. 1057 01:15:15,708 --> 01:15:18,645 It seems very unlikely that we can legalize the law that prohibits it at this point, 1058 01:15:18,670 --> 01:15:22,375 and not even at this time, 1059 01:15:22,416 --> 01:15:24,250 they are nervous it can happen, 1060 01:15:24,291 --> 01:15:26,708 that their meat will be taken from them. 1061 01:15:26,750 --> 01:15:28,791 I don't see that the legal way will develop. 1062 01:15:28,833 --> 01:15:32,333 I see it as a way of that society will evolve. 1063 01:15:32,375 --> 01:15:34,666 1064 01:15:34,708 --> 01:15:36,958 I see that law will develop to get more and more stringent in its settings about the industry. 1065 01:15:37,000 --> 01:15:40,916 [narrator] Vegetable alternative numbers grow, 1066 01:15:42,458 --> 01:15:45,583 with taste and texture closer to for actual animal products. 1067 01:15:45,625 --> 01:15:50,416 But there are other things that make headlines in the whole world: cultured meat. 1068 01:15:50,458 --> 01:15:55,041 The same technique is used to grow human tissue in regenerative medicine now it is used to produce meat without killing animals. 1069 01:15:55,083 --> 01:15:59,416 In August 2013, the first hamburgers were planted in the laboratory 1070 01:15:59,458 --> 01:16:04,583 presented to 200 reporters from all over the world in London. 1071 01:16:04,625 --> 01:16:08,833 Funded by Google co-founder Sergey Brin, 1072 01:16:08,875 --> 01:16:13,708 the cost of patty is estimated at 250,000 Euros. 1073 01:16:13,750 --> 01:16:16,625 Okay, everyone is sitting here with a breath 1074 01:16:16,666 --> 01:16:22,708 1075 01:16:22,750 --> 01:16:25,500 1076 01:16:25,541 --> 01:16:27,666 really want to see what is under the cloche, 1077 01:16:27,708 --> 01:16:31,083 So, can you do an honor and lift the lid on your creation? 1078 01:16:31,125 --> 01:16:32,416 I can. 1079 01:16:32,458 --> 01:16:34,958 [woman] Okay. Now, of course... 1080 01:16:35,000 --> 01:16:37,291 [man] Why do we need cultured meat? 1081 01:16:37,333 --> 01:16:40,375 That's basically because there is no from the successor so far 1082 01:16:40,416 --> 01:16:45,000 already kind of able to fully imitate 1083 01:16:45,041 --> 01:16:47,791 meat experience, if you like it. 1084 01:16:47,833 --> 01:16:51,208 Uh, and in my mind, people want meat 1085 01:16:51,250 --> 01:16:53,375 and not a substitute for meat, 1086 01:16:53,416 --> 01:16:57,166 except meat substitutes at some points it becomes very good 1087 01:16:57,208 --> 01:17:00,666 that you cannot distinguish them from the original. 1088 01:17:02,291 --> 01:17:05,083 Uh, we, uh... 1089 01:17:05,125 --> 01:17:08,833 [Posting] Better food security for the entire population. 1090 01:17:08,875 --> 01:17:11,041 Less impact on the environment. 1091 01:17:11,083 --> 01:17:13,666 And animal welfare problems are lacking. 1092 01:17:13,708 --> 01:17:16,083 They are three main concerns. 1093 01:17:16,125 --> 01:17:20,083 And for those important reasons, I really hope that at some point 1094 01:17:20,125 --> 01:17:24,416 we can ship products, so people can still eat their favorite meat 1095 01:17:24,458 --> 01:17:26,750 without negative consequences. 1096 01:17:27,875 --> 01:17:30,333 We use cells from cows. 1097 01:17:30,375 --> 01:17:33,041 We harvest procedures that are not dangerous, 1098 01:17:33,083 --> 01:17:36,541 and they have cells... we all have cells in our muscles... 1099 01:17:36,583 --> 01:17:39,416 The one sitting there waiting for to repair the injury. 1100 01:17:39,458 --> 01:17:42,625 And they have the capacity of to breed, 1101 01:17:42,666 --> 01:17:45,083 so we bring them out of the cow, 1102 01:17:45,125 --> 01:17:48,541 expand them in the lab until we have 40 billion cells. 1103 01:17:48,583 --> 01:17:50,250 And we do it in a certain way 1104 01:17:50,291 --> 01:17:53,000 so they are formed real muscle fibers, 1105 01:17:53,041 --> 01:17:54,875 and that's basically for our meat. 1106 01:17:54,916 --> 01:17:56,833 So if you have a lot of from that muscle fiber, 1107 01:17:56,875 --> 01:17:59,125 basically we can make a hamburger from them. 1108 01:18:01,458 --> 01:18:03,166 [Narrator] Besides meat, I've learned 1109 01:18:03,208 --> 01:18:04,815 there is also a number of startups work on another cultural product 1110 01:18:04,840 --> 01:18:06,833 to replace them colleagues who come from animals 1111 01:18:06,875 --> 01:18:09,291 in the near future. 1112 01:18:09,333 --> 01:18:11,083 [woman] Mission from New Harvest 1113 01:18:13,666 --> 01:18:15,333 is to accelerate post-animal bio-economy. 1114 01:18:15,375 --> 01:18:18,208 So we tried to build a new economy where animal products are made without animals, 1115 01:18:18,250 --> 01:18:21,083 and the role of New Harvest is in providing initial catalytic steps 1116 01:18:21,125 --> 01:18:24,041 which helps researchers get the first number data is done or the first prototype is done 1117 01:18:24,083 --> 01:18:28,750 so that once they have it that prototype, 1118 01:18:28,791 --> 01:18:33,916 1119 01:18:33,958 --> 01:18:36,083 1120 01:18:36,125 --> 01:18:39,791 other investors and others funders will be involved. 1121 01:18:42,041 --> 01:18:46,125 Cultured meat gets cell and then divides cell. 1122 01:18:46,166 --> 01:18:49,375 So there is no reason for GMOs involved at all 1123 01:18:49,416 --> 01:18:52,083 in production cultured meat. 1124 01:18:52,125 --> 01:18:54,333 Cultured meat will not come from the lab. 1125 01:18:54,375 --> 01:18:57,541 The true vision of this future is one that looks like a brewery, 1126 01:18:57,583 --> 01:19:01,625 and you go to the brewery and you see this giant steel tank, 1127 01:19:01,666 --> 01:19:05,458 and you don't see brewers as scientists, 1128 01:19:05,500 --> 01:19:09,208 You consider it to be a handyman or handicraft person. 1129 01:19:09,250 --> 01:19:13,250 You know, I've combed it comments on cultured meat and culture milk 1130 01:19:13,291 --> 01:19:16,166 and articles on cultured eggs for a long time, 1131 01:19:16,208 --> 01:19:18,791 and many people like, "Well, if this tastes good, 1132 01:19:18,833 --> 01:19:22,166 then how can I choose something that comes from animals slaughtered 1133 01:19:22,208 --> 01:19:25,125 if my experience is the same? " 1134 01:19:27,833 --> 01:19:30,625 [narrator] In San Francisco, some companies work on animal products without animals. 1135 01:19:30,666 --> 01:19:33,458 Indie Bio is a startup accelerator for synthetic biology. Supported by a business capital fund, 1136 01:19:33,500 --> 01:19:37,541 companies that join this program receive quarter of a million dollars and lab space to reach a prototype in just four months. 1137 01:19:37,583 --> 01:19:39,708 [man] Indie Bio is an accelerator 1138 01:19:39,750 --> 01:19:43,291 for the initial stage biotechnology company. 1139 01:19:43,333 --> 01:19:47,666 That vision is to create something truly new. 1140 01:19:48,833 --> 01:19:50,833 We think we can use biology to replace animals, 1141 01:19:50,875 --> 01:19:52,833 so instead of taming animals, We tamed the cell. 1142 01:19:52,875 --> 01:19:57,500 1143 01:19:57,541 --> 01:20:00,208 1144 01:20:00,250 --> 01:20:04,208 1145 01:20:04,250 --> 01:20:06,583 And we really focus on the new paradigm in producing food and items that people want, 1146 01:20:06,625 --> 01:20:09,625 without environment or ethical aspects of using animals. 1147 01:20:09,666 --> 01:20:14,333 [man] We are making gelatin without the animal. 1148 01:20:19,083 --> 01:20:22,916 So there is a litany of consumer goods which contains gelatin which many people don't realize, 1149 01:20:22,958 --> 01:20:26,791 in everything from yogurt to gummi bears, 1150 01:20:26,833 --> 01:20:30,041 industrial applications, drugs. 1151 01:20:30,083 --> 01:20:34,041 So the approach is that we take 1152 01:20:34,083 --> 01:20:36,166 is the engineer microbial factory 1153 01:20:36,208 --> 01:20:38,000 which can be made exact same gelatin 1154 01:20:38,041 --> 01:20:41,000 what people will get from animal networks, 1155 01:20:41,041 --> 01:20:43,541 but instead take it from an animal and do it with a top-down approach, 1156 01:20:43,583 --> 01:20:46,125 we are building it from the beginning with items such as yeast. 1157 01:20:46,166 --> 01:20:50,000 1158 01:20:50,041 --> 01:20:55,500 1159 01:20:55,541 --> 01:20:58,000 How long will it take? Are we talking about five years? 1160 01:20:58,041 --> 01:21:00,541 Are we talking about ten years? I hope this is five, 1161 01:21:00,583 --> 01:21:04,000 when we see the last animal the product is taken from the shelf 1162 01:21:04,041 --> 01:21:09,083 and replaced with biological derivatives, clean version of the product, 1163 01:21:09,125 --> 01:21:11,958 is it meat or is it milk or is it an egg. 1164 01:21:14,291 --> 01:21:17,541 [narrator] Not far away, in space for DIY biology, 1165 01:21:17,583 --> 01:21:22,333 A group of biohackers are working on what most people say they will never give up: 1166 01:21:22,375 --> 01:21:24,458 cheese. 1167 01:21:24,500 --> 01:21:26,916 [man] Real Vegan Cheese is a project 1168 01:21:26,958 --> 01:21:28,833 basically making cheese 1169 01:21:28,875 --> 01:21:31,541 it's exactly like that cow's milk cheese, 1170 01:21:31,583 --> 01:21:35,875 or other animal cheese, but make it without using animals. 1171 01:21:35,916 --> 01:21:39,916 And that's how we do this we searched the database 1172 01:21:39,958 --> 01:21:45,458 which gives us a DNA sequence that encodes protein in milk. 1173 01:21:45,500 --> 01:21:49,666 We then take the information and go to the synthesis service 1174 01:21:49,708 --> 01:21:51,625 that makes us pieces of DNA. 1175 01:21:51,666 --> 01:21:53,791 We put it in yeast. 1176 01:21:53,833 --> 01:21:56,625 The yeast then starts produces the protein. 1177 01:21:56,666 --> 01:21:59,833 So now this yeast is a kind of milk. 1178 01:21:59,875 --> 01:22:02,291 It's like, instead of milking a cow, 1179 01:22:02,333 --> 01:22:04,791 we actually just started these proteins out of yeast. 1180 01:22:04,833 --> 01:22:07,291 This is important because these proteins 1181 01:22:07,333 --> 01:22:10,583 is what gives all milk very interesting properties 1182 01:22:10,625 --> 01:22:13,416 and what gives the cheese the property that you associate with cheese. 1183 01:22:13,458 --> 01:22:16,500 Things like melting, flexibility, texture. 1184 01:22:16,541 --> 01:22:19,208 Those proteins are the most important thing. 1185 01:22:19,250 --> 01:22:21,208 So that's the project. 1186 01:22:21,250 --> 01:22:23,791 This takes yeast and makes this exact same protein 1187 01:22:23,833 --> 01:22:27,208 so we can make original cheese which is also vegan. 1188 01:22:27,250 --> 01:22:29,208 [crackling device] 1189 01:22:29,250 --> 01:22:31,458 What do we get, if we do our work well, 1190 01:22:31,500 --> 01:22:33,125 exactly that what cows produce. 1191 01:22:33,166 --> 01:22:34,875 The protein is identical. 1192 01:22:34,916 --> 01:22:37,791 So after being purified, this is not genetically modified. 1193 01:22:37,833 --> 01:22:39,541 This is a natural product. 1194 01:22:41,916 --> 01:22:45,000 So it's our future plan, once we can make cheese 1195 01:22:45,041 --> 01:22:47,833 get out of us protein yeasts, 1196 01:22:47,875 --> 01:22:52,916 is to file intellectual property, filed a patent for this, 1197 01:22:52,958 --> 01:22:56,000 but then leave it, so that is on public records, 1198 01:22:56,041 --> 01:22:58,541 it was an art before but we did not have the right to it. 1199 01:22:58,583 --> 01:23:01,916 You can imagine it if someone like, uh... 1200 01:23:01,958 --> 01:23:04,958 someone who is also involved in the dairy industry directly, if they develop this and have all IPs, 1201 01:23:05,000 --> 01:23:07,916 they can make some products only for vegans 1202 01:23:07,958 --> 01:23:10,958 but they can prevent other people from encouraging them far enough that it will challenge their existing business. 1203 01:23:11,000 --> 01:23:14,125 So we don't want someone who has it interest in milk continues 1204 01:23:14,166 --> 01:23:16,375 to have everything right for this. 1205 01:23:16,416 --> 01:23:20,500 If it's open source, no one can do that. 1206 01:23:20,541 --> 01:23:23,416 [Narrator] While I research food in the future, 1207 01:23:23,458 --> 01:23:26,208 I discovered recently discovery by scientists from the University of Oregon. 1208 01:23:29,041 --> 01:23:31,958 They say they have found unicorn, 1209 01:23:32,000 --> 01:23:34,666 That algae is healthier than kale 1210 01:23:34,708 --> 01:23:36,208 1211 01:23:36,250 --> 01:23:38,583 1212 01:23:38,625 --> 01:23:40,958 1213 01:23:41,000 --> 01:23:44,666 and when fried, tastes like smoked meat. 1214 01:23:47,208 --> 01:23:50,666 [man] We started with around 40 ideas or more. 1215 01:23:50,708 --> 01:23:55,958 And today I have three of the five that we tested. 1216 01:23:56,000 --> 01:24:00,791 This is rice crackers here. This is will be a little more savory 1217 01:24:00,833 --> 01:24:05,041 and remove a little from umami taste in seaweed. 1218 01:24:05,083 --> 01:24:07,375 And this is just kind of an interesting way 1219 01:24:07,416 --> 01:24:10,708 to use a little salt that you will find 1220 01:24:10,750 --> 01:24:13,041 in the type of sea taste. 1221 01:24:13,083 --> 01:24:15,250 Dulse a little from new material 1222 01:24:15,291 --> 01:24:17,958 many people in America are not too familiar with, 1223 01:24:18,000 --> 01:24:20,458 Outside sushi or seaweed salad. 1224 01:24:20,500 --> 01:24:23,291 So it's good to be in the forefront 1225 01:24:23,333 --> 01:24:27,125 getting this material becomes a kind of mainstream. 1226 01:24:27,166 --> 01:24:30,708 [hissing] 1227 01:24:30,750 --> 01:24:35,375 [man] You know, by 2025, there will be 7 1/2 billion people on Earth. 1228 01:24:35,416 --> 01:24:37,375 And every human 1229 01:24:37,416 --> 01:24:41,208 requires around 50 grams protein a day to live, 1230 01:24:41,250 --> 01:24:46,583 So the world demand will be 400 million grams Carbohydrates every day. 1231 01:24:46,625 --> 01:24:50,666 And we know that, at least with this dulse, 1232 01:24:50,708 --> 01:24:53,875 if we have 25 to 25 miles stretch in the ocean 1233 01:24:53,916 --> 01:24:55,833 off the Oregon coast, 1234 01:24:55,875 --> 01:24:58,750 we can plant enough protein to feed the world, just like that. 1235 01:24:58,791 --> 01:25:02,125 So the potential is very big. 1236 01:25:02,166 --> 01:25:04,375 [Thunder rumbles] 1237 01:25:07,708 --> 01:25:12,333 [man] Uh, well, people become very interested in dulse stories 1238 01:25:12,375 --> 01:25:14,875 because of the link to bacon, 1239 01:25:14,916 --> 01:25:18,458 and the fact it has some taste of bacon 1240 01:25:18,500 --> 01:25:22,583 and nutritious is far better for you than bacon, 1241 01:25:22,625 --> 01:25:25,583 it doesn't have cholesterol and high fat content, 1242 01:25:25,625 --> 01:25:28,000 makes it very interesting People. 1243 01:25:35,500 --> 01:25:38,500 Ah, how does it feel? 1244 01:25:38,541 --> 01:25:41,125 Ah. Looks good. 1245 01:25:41,166 --> 01:25:43,958 Yes. It was incredible. 1246 01:25:44,000 --> 01:25:45,375 Bringing it away. 1247 01:25:47,708 --> 01:25:52,000 So this is our 6,000 liter tank. 1248 01:25:52,041 --> 01:25:56,208 So we hope to be able to produce around 30 kilograms of from dulse per week 1249 01:25:56,250 --> 01:25:57,750 from these tanks. 1250 01:26:00,750 --> 01:26:04,541 What we found with Dulse is growing vegetatively. 1251 01:26:04,583 --> 01:26:08,375 So what you can do is you can basically break down plants and each part will grow into a new factory. 1252 01:26:08,416 --> 01:26:11,166 So it's very, very easy to grow, 1253 01:26:11,208 --> 01:26:13,458 and this is one big benefit 1254 01:26:13,500 --> 01:26:15,416 of this type of cultivation. 1255 01:26:15,458 --> 01:26:18,791 This has good protein content, 1256 01:26:20,583 --> 01:26:23,250 high iodine, high potassium. 1257 01:26:23,291 --> 01:26:25,583 And in many ways, is superfood. 1258 01:26:25,625 --> 01:26:29,250 He has a lot of potential, I think, in the long term future 1259 01:26:31,375 --> 01:26:34,541 1260 01:26:34,583 --> 01:26:38,416 as an alternative to several other terrestrial plants, 1261 01:26:38,458 --> 01:26:41,500 and also alternatives to meat. 1262 01:26:41,541 --> 01:26:44,541 So the amino acid profile is pretty good, 1263 01:26:44,583 --> 01:26:46,500 and it has a savory taste, 1264 01:26:46,541 --> 01:26:51,166 so I think there is a very good potential for that. 1265 01:27:08,458 --> 01:27:12,500 [Posting] So, what we did, we took a small sample of a cow. 1266 01:27:12,541 --> 01:27:17,541 Use the muscle-specific stem cells 1267 01:27:17,583 --> 01:27:20,583 which has a kind of limited capacity to breed. 1268 01:27:20,625 --> 01:27:23,958 That means we have to return to the cow after a certain period 1269 01:27:24,000 --> 01:27:26,125 and get new stem cells. 1270 01:27:26,166 --> 01:27:29,291 And it's not entirely animal-free products, 1271 01:27:29,333 --> 01:27:32,750 but I don't really think is what matters. 1272 01:27:32,791 --> 01:27:35,666 Maybe for vegans, but for most people, maybe not. 1273 01:27:35,708 --> 01:27:39,000 Still, we will be able to, and that condition is clear, 1274 01:27:39,041 --> 01:27:42,166 we will be able to reduce the total amount of cattle extraordinary. 1275 01:27:42,208 --> 01:27:47,791 Even if it won't decrease energy consumption, 1276 01:27:47,833 --> 01:27:51,750 then it will still be reduced methane emissions, 1277 01:27:51,791 --> 01:27:55,875 so it will still have an effect our greenhouse gas emissions. 1278 01:27:55,916 --> 01:27:58,208 But we are more ambitious than that. 1279 01:27:58,250 --> 01:28:00,875 We really want to reduce energy consumption too. 1280 01:28:02,583 --> 01:28:04,375 I say that there is nothing in it, but that is not entirely true. 1281 01:28:04,416 --> 01:28:06,625 There is... 1282 01:28:06,666 --> 01:28:08,041 Oh, this is fair small-scale cell culture, 1283 01:28:08,083 --> 01:28:11,416 but it's small. 1284 01:28:11,458 --> 01:28:13,125 Small muscle rings in these small wells. 1285 01:28:13,166 --> 01:28:17,958 We have never, with this -cultured beef program, 1286 01:28:18,000 --> 01:28:20,875 nothing will ever happen as efficiently 1287 01:28:20,916 --> 01:28:22,875 and friendly to the environment 1288 01:28:22,916 --> 01:28:25,708 or animals as vegetarians or vegan diets. 1289 01:28:25,750 --> 01:28:29,291 1290 01:28:29,333 --> 01:28:33,416 We will never reach that level of efficiency. 1291 01:28:33,458 --> 01:28:38,041 So if vegetarians and vegans start eating this, 1292 01:28:38,083 --> 01:28:41,208 it's kind of the opposite of what my goal is 1293 01:28:41,250 --> 01:28:43,208 in all of these efforts. 1294 01:28:46,833 --> 01:28:49,166 The target group is pretty much myself, 1295 01:28:49,208 --> 01:28:53,125 people who stubbornly eat meat, 1296 01:28:53,166 --> 01:28:55,750 while knowing that they may not be. 1297 01:28:57,791 --> 01:29:00,208 If at some point we can producing exactly the same network, 1298 01:29:00,250 --> 01:29:02,875 the exact same type sensory quality of meat, 1299 01:29:02,916 --> 01:29:05,666 at competitive prices, 1300 01:29:05,708 --> 01:29:08,166 I think it will be eradicated traditional livestock meat production. 1301 01:29:08,208 --> 01:29:13,666 [Nibert] This is very important 1302 01:29:19,541 --> 01:29:21,916 what people recognize 1303 01:29:21,958 --> 01:29:24,291 one of the worst practices has ever been developed on this planet 1304 01:29:24,333 --> 01:29:29,125 does this consume other animals for food and use it for resources, 1305 01:29:29,166 --> 01:29:33,166 1306 01:29:33,208 --> 01:29:36,000 and we will never get it our society is back on track 1307 01:29:36,041 --> 01:29:38,583 unless we retreat from the exercise, 1308 01:29:38,625 --> 01:29:41,208 and we can start to do that, first, 1309 01:29:41,250 --> 01:29:42,833 by changing the way we eat. 1310 01:29:42,875 --> 01:29:45,291 Nothing serious will change until there is only catastrophe which forces us to change. 1311 01:29:45,333 --> 01:29:49,291 And my best guess, will be something related to... 1312 01:29:49,333 --> 01:29:53,375 That could be a problem about contaminated food, 1313 01:29:53,416 --> 01:29:56,041 but most likely it will happen environmental disaster 1314 01:29:56,083 --> 01:29:58,875 that we just realized that we killed the planet, and then... 1315 01:29:58,916 --> 01:30:02,541 we will be forced to get involved in some radical rethinking, 1316 01:30:02,583 --> 01:30:05,166 not because we suddenly care about animals but only because we _ destroy our own existence. 1317 01:30:05,208 --> 01:30:06,958 1318 01:30:07,000 --> 01:30:09,040 1319 01:30:11,166 --> 01:30:14,250 [Narrator] Reflect on my search for the post-meat world, 1320 01:30:14,291 --> 01:30:18,041 resource intensive methods animal production seems outdated, 1321 01:30:18,083 --> 01:30:21,083 especially in light challenge 1322 01:30:21,125 --> 01:30:23,500 we will face near and far in the future. 1323 01:30:23,541 --> 01:30:26,583 What we eat real consequences, 1324 01:30:26,625 --> 01:30:28,208 for the world around us and for trillions non-human animals. 1325 01:30:28,250 --> 01:30:31,458 End of meat as we know 1326 01:30:31,500 --> 01:30:33,500 maybe the best solution we have 1327 01:30:33,541 --> 01:30:36,000 to save ourselves, _ animals and planets. 1328 01:30:36,041 --> 01:30:40,208 Of course, if we talk about stopping eating meat overnight, 1329 01:30:43,083 --> 01:30:47,083 it will be a problem because last night we will have many people who are unemployed. 1330 01:30:47,125 --> 01:30:51,000 But actually that all industries evolve. 1331 01:30:51,041 --> 01:30:54,000 Everything changes. 1332 01:30:54,041 --> 01:30:56,125 1333 01:30:56,166 --> 01:30:59,291 If you talk to other people the car comes, for example, 1334 01:30:59,333 --> 01:31:02,291 everyone will worry, will happen to the horse carriage? 1335 01:31:02,333 --> 01:31:05,833 Right? But it didn't happen overnight, luckily, and everyone adapted. 1336 01:31:30,833 --> 01:31:32,833 ♪ 1337 01:31:55,416 --> 01:31:58,333 [Sullivan] There is a vision of the future 1338 01:31:58,375 --> 01:32:01,958 it does not include exploitation of animals. 1339 01:32:02,000 --> 01:32:06,333 You don't get a place unless you imagine it. 1340 01:32:06,375 --> 01:32:09,083 And people really look have trouble imagining 1341 01:32:09,125 --> 01:32:12,125 this world without exploitation of animals. 1342 01:32:12,166 --> 01:32:15,083 We always do it, so we will do it always keep doing it. 1343 01:32:15,125 --> 01:32:17,041 But if you take a step back 1344 01:32:17,083 --> 01:32:19,791 and see where technology is, 1345 01:32:19,833 --> 01:32:22,541 what we do to animals is just crazy. 1346 01:32:31,750 --> 01:32:35,208 [Brown] The first time I had visited a cattle shelter, 1347 01:32:35,250 --> 01:32:37,125 Break my mind. 1348 01:32:37,166 --> 01:32:39,125 There is nothing like that. 1349 01:32:39,166 --> 01:32:42,625 I can't believe it, not just what I learned at that time about clear numbers from livestock 1350 01:32:42,666 --> 01:32:45,000 those who suffer and who are killed for human consumption, 1351 01:32:45,041 --> 01:32:48,208 but then get to know them and realize that this is an individual 1352 01:32:48,250 --> 01:32:50,583 who compiled the statistics, 1353 01:32:50,625 --> 01:32:53,583 and the statistics can be surprising, 1354 01:32:53,625 --> 01:32:56,375 but it's even more remarkable when you know the victim. 1355 01:32:56,416 --> 01:32:58,375 And it affects me to every cell of my existence, 1356 01:32:58,416 --> 01:33:00,500 because this is social our justice movement. 1357 01:33:00,541 --> 01:33:03,166 That greatly affects the number of creatures. 1358 01:33:03,208 --> 01:33:06,041 [Posting] Twenty years from now, we will look back 1359 01:33:06,083 --> 01:33:09,458 1360 01:33:09,500 --> 01:33:12,166 1361 01:33:16,708 --> 01:33:19,208 1362 01:33:19,250 --> 01:33:21,416 with a completely different perspective and our children will say to each other, 1363 01:33:21,458 --> 01:33:23,958 "Yes, you know, in our parents' age, 1364 01:33:24,000 --> 01:33:27,041 they still kill animals for our food supplies." 1365 01:33:27,083 --> 01:33:31,166 And they might be seen at that time as a kind of barbarian. 1366 01:33:31,208 --> 01:33:35,041 ♠1367 01:33:39,000 --> 01:33:42,000