(ROARING)
NARRATOR: He is the apex predator of the Arctic.
Now, the ice bear is under siege.
The threat, an adversary that's deadlier,
more powerful than any he 's ever faced.
(SQUAWKING)
A gauntlet of challenges beyond any the Arctic has dealt him.
(BUZZING)
(GROWLS)
After millions of years of ruling the ice,
has the polar bear met his match?
(WIND WHISTLING)
The Arctic ice guards a secret.
Bleak and barren as it seems, it stirs with life.
(CHIRPS)
(BARKING)
Just look a little deeper.
(GROWLS)
To last the year, the ice bear needs to eat 40 seals.
One more is all it'll take.
Spring is almost over.
If he doesn't catch this one, he may not survive.
(GROWLING)
(SEAL BARKING)
(SPLASHING)
(GRUNTS)
That may be his death knell.
He can 't hunt seals without the ice.
(GRUNTS)
Now the ice is about to disappear.
(RUMBLING)
It's late June.
A few generations ago, the ice bear would have had another month
before he ran out of time to make his quota of seals.
But, this year, his world is shrinking early.
(SQUEALING)
He 's got no choice.
He has to enter a new world
of danger.
(GRUNTING)
Ice Bear is three years old.
Just a teen by polar bear standards.
Now he's got to somehow make it to shore
almost 500 gruelling kilometres away.
He 's done it before, guided by his mother.
Now he 's on his own
and it's going to be one of the longest, cruelest summers on record.
He 's one of 2, 000 bears who live in Canada 's Hudson Bay.
Every year, when the ice melts, some have to head south.
First to islands along their way,
then to the mainland.
Ice Bear and his community live farther south than any other polar bears on the planet.
For generations, they've been the only group forced to survive off the ice all summer.
If the world keeps warming,
they won 't be alone.
Polar bears around the world may also be exiled,
and face the same life-or-death struggle.
(SNORTING)
(GROWLING)
All across Hudson Bay,
marine mammals are looking for summer homes.
Walruses, a tempting source of fat.
Ice Bear can pick up a scent almost a kilometre away.
(SNIFFING)
This may be his one chance to make up
for that seal he missed before the ice melted.
(GRUNTING)
The walrus' nose is keen, too.
The mothers' guards go up.
Ice Bear is taking on a creature who 's adept in the water.
A ton of tusk and trouble.
It is a remarkable encounter.
A scene rarely witnessed.
(GRUNTING)
Being on his own for the first time is harrowing.
One in five adolescent bears die.
For cubs to survive, their mother's lessons have to last them a lifetime.
Cub boy, cub girl,
neither's got much fat for energy and insulation.
They keep close to Mum, mimicking her every move.
For the first two years of her cubs' life, they're completely dependent on her.
They're still nursing.
She needs to find herself food, or her cubs won 't last.
This desolate slab is just a pit stop.
Though its scent
is now forever ingrained in her cubs' memory.
That's what's keeping Ice Bear going now.
His memory has led him to the same islands.
(CAWING)
The scent he's picked up? Thick-billed murres.
The division between sky and sea is lost on them.
This time of year, the plankton bloom draws herring and shrimp,
a feast for murres.
The bear smells a meal, too.
(SNIFFS)
But there 's 200 metres between him and it.
It's a challenge no sensible adult bear would go for.
Leave it to a desperate teen.
(CAWING)
The murres pick cliffs for their colonies to keep predators from approaching.
The ledges are just enough purchase.
(SQUAWKING)
Nobody expects a cliff-climbing polar bear.
This is behaviour never before captured on video.
(CAWING)
(POLAR BEAR GROWLS)
The question is, for all the risk and work, is it worth it?
Not for one chick.
Bones and feathers are a recipe for starvation.
Ice Bear needs fat.
His only hope is still 250 kilometres away.
He 's got to make it to the mainland.
There are no landmarks to guide him.
Incredibly, he can orient. By day, to the sun.
By night, the stars are his compass.
He may actually use them to track his course ahead.
Night after night, Ice Bear doesn't sleep or eat.
(SNORTING)
After 1 0 days,
land.
But then polar bears are built to last on ice, not land.
For Ice Bear, survival might be a long shot.
Ice Bear actually evolved from a land bear, like the grizzly.
Now he 's forced to revisit his roots, and adapt.
(BIRDS CHIRPING)
(GROWLS)
He 's not equipped to hunt this strange prey.
Animals of the earth, not the ice.
(GRUNTS)
(INSECT BUZZING)
And he's not designed for the heat.
It's 28 degrees Celsius.
(HONKING)
Misery.
(INSECTS BUZZING)
(GROWLING)
(BUZZING)
At least the bugs get to eat.
(GROWLS)
There's no way to get comfortable.
Another older male has been here long enough to know.
Get wet.
(ROARING)
Ice Bear has got to learn the ropes.
That's one thing he's got going for him. Polar bears are eager students.
One life lesson he needs now is how to keep from starving.
In fact, scarfing down snacks is a mistake.
The veteran knows that eating would throw off the altered state he 's in.
To get his metabolism to slow down, the older male is fasting the whole summer.
It's a zombie-like state called "walking hibernation. "
He'll live off his fat reserves and spend his waking hours half-awake.
But the ice bear can 't swing it.
He 's too young to make the metabolic change.
He can last the length of a typical summer before starvation sets in.
The problem is summer has gotten longer.
This female is already at death 's door.
She didn't eat enough seals before the ice broke up.
(BREATHING HEAVILY)
Drinking is a sign of desperation.
If she were healthy, she 'd get hydrated by metabolising her own fat.
But she has no fat.
It's a cruel fate.
To come so far just to suffer on a distant shore.
(INSECTS BUZZING)
(EXHALES)
(SCREECHING)
Not all Hudson Bay bears put their trust in the land.
It's August, and a straggler is still adrift.
He's got a strategy to stay here the whole season long.
He 's learned to hunt along the way
and take on a walrus.
In the water, the straggler is no match for a walrus.
But, eventually,
the herd needs to rest.
(BARKING)
The perfect opportunity for an ambush.
They've been out on a four-day binge, foraging for clams.
Now they're exhausted.
(GROWLING)
One catch, and the straggler
will have enough to last him for days.
A calf's body is one-third fat.
But the young are all surrounded by adults.
Big, dangerous animals.
While they're restless, their guard is up.
(GRUNTS)
There 's no such thing as one itchy walrus.
The herd that moults together, itches together.
(GRUNTS SOFTLY)
Finally.
Most bears wouldn't risk it.
The hungry straggler isn't thinking twice.
(GROWLING)
The straggler approaches downwind to avoid detection.
(BARKING)
A mother's instinct to care for her young is a powerful drive.
There 's only one that can be stronger.
Hunger.
(GROWLING)
The straggler will follow the herd all summer, picking off calves with ease.
He won 't need to bother migrating to land this year.
Some castaways aren't so lucky.
Here, far from where the bears belong, death is a fact of life.
(BUZZING)
He may have died from an injury.
Or from swimming those hundreds of kilometres to get here.
But his misfortune may be the starving female 's salvation.
Cannibalism is rare among polar bears.
Being forced to live on land changes everything.
On the ice, she 's a noble hunter.
Now she 's reduced to scavenging the flesh of her own kind.
In 1 6 years, the Western Hudson Bay polar bears
have dwindled by a staggering 22%.
This female
probably won 't survive the season.
For mother and cubs, the journey is finally over.
But the odyssey has taken a toll on her.
Through the long journey here, she 's had to nurse them.
While adult males withdraw into walking hibernation,
her cubs depend on her being awake.
The demands of nursing can be dire.
Somehow, she 's got to find food.
The ice bear seizes an opportunity,
takes the mother's cue,
and follows her.
She 's guided by memory
of an exhausting three-day walk to a cove where she 's found food before.
(WIND WHISTLING)
Here, beluga whales rub against the rocks and moult their skin.
(SINGING)
When the tide goes out, a few get beached.
Mother and cubs feed first.
Cub boy and cub girl are beginning to get weaned,
and what better inducement?
Ice Bear knows to give the family wide berth.
(BIRD SCREECHING)
Some scraps tide him over
and, rather than fight, he's learned to conserve his energy.
And to be patient, though he's on the verge of starvation.
For Ice Bear, after weeks of waiting, it's time to eat.
Mum isn't yet free of her burden to nurse.
And now she 's got another problem.
The ice bear is going to follow her everywhere.
For him, that could make the difference between life and death.
September.
(SQUAWKING)
With the fall, animals are on the move.
But one is settling in for the long haul.
By now, every polar bear that's coming ashore has arrived.
(GRUNTS)
On the ice, they would've led lives apart.
Polar bears in the high north seldom cross paths.
The Hudson Bay bears are different.
(GROWLING)
This time of year, they're forced into a narrow corridor of shoreline.
(GROWLING)
They socialise.
And Ice Bear gets to learn all the more.
Males fight to win a mate. These two are just sparring for practice.
(GROWLING CONTINUES)
For the cubs, it's a spectator sport.
Being social has its advantages.
The more practice you get,
the better your chances when it's time for the real fight.
Though, when they feel crowded,
big males are known to attack cubs.
Nursing keeps Mother's young from wandering off and getting into trouble.
Unless trouble follows them.
Ice Bear has been tailing the mother for weeks.
(GRUNTING)
Challenging him to leave would take energy.
But so does corralling her cubs.
(GRUNTS)
Then, a milestone.
Boy cub draws away.
Independence is a rite of passage.
But Ice Bear may turn aggressive.
Mother levels a warning.
(GROWLING)
But boy cub has tasted something irresistible.
(PANTING)
It's a costly game of cat and mouse.
The calories the cubs are burning come from Mum 's milk.
This has got to stop.
(GROWLING)
Some teenagers are a bad influence. This one is worse.
(BIRDS SCREECHING)
A distraction that's blinded Mum to a deadly visitor.
A wolf.
Where there 's one wolf, there could be a pack.
(GROWLING)
Ice Bear is on his own.
They're lucky the wolf is as well.
But, in the confusion, Ice Bear loses track of the others,
his lifeline to food and family.
Mother's journey isn't over.
Here, on the coast, they're exposed to threats.
Perhaps there'll be safety in the cover of the forest.
(SCREECHING)
Their exile is taking them deeper still into a world even stranger to them.
(PANTING)
Nobody knows much about the time
mothers and cubs spend hidden in the woods.
That is about to change.
(INAUDIBLE)
These aren't hunters. They're biologists.
And their ammo is just a tranquiliser.
They believe the Hudson Bay bears
could be a bellwether for the entire species, pioneers of the warming world.
(PANTING)
These bears spend so much time on land already.
If they can 't adapt to the longer summers, other populations don 't stand a chance.
They fit Mum with a video camera.
As she wakes up, a unique home movie begins rolling.
In two weeks, the camera will pop off
and the researchers can get their first glimpse
from a polar bear's point of view.
It offers a remarkable revelation.
The bears have a sweet tooth for berries.
It makes no sense.
Berries have no fat, no apparent nutritional value for them.
And foraging takes a lot of energy.
Maybe it's a throwback.
Terrestrial bears, like grizzlies, are big on berries.
Living on land may be driving the polar bears to revert to their evolutionary roots.
A desperate strategy.
November.
Just a generation ago, Hudson Bay would have been frozen by now.
Ice Bear's first summer alone should be over,
but he 's trapped on land in limbo.
Following his instincts, he heads northwest,
where the sea freezes earliest.
The snow along his way is just a tease.
(GRUNTS)
(DISTANT GROWLING)
(GRUNTING)
He's not alone.
(ROARING)
By this point in the season,
sparring partners have squared off many times in mock battles.
They've come to know who's their measure,
who 's a menace,
and when it's time to walk away.
If Ice Bear is going to someday compete for a mate,
he 's got to find someone his own size to spar with.
(GROWLS WEARILY)
He 's searched for food, for haven, for company,
in vain.
Now the season delivers the ultimate insult.
The route he follows was blazed thousands of years ago.
Before tourists,
before cameras,
(CAMERAS CLICKING)
before the summer got so damned long.
He 's curious, too.
He gets to visit the human zoo.
Business is booming.
The tourist season lasts longer than ever,
since the bears are stuck here an extra month.
Polar bears are crossing paths with our world more and more.
The encounter can get ugly.
(BARKING)
Dogs, like wolves,
are ancient enemies of bears.
But, this time, it's the pack that's at risk.
(BARKING)
The bear that's approaching could not be more hungry.
(GRUNTING)
(BARKING)
The ice bear could easily kill a dog.
Instead, an extraordinary turn.
That a bear wants companionship with dogs
is a strange sign of the times.
No less bizarre than that he would need to wait for winter,
so long overdue.
(BARKING)
For the ice bear, company may be a consolation,
but it's not the answer.
(YAWNING)
(BARKING)
The ice is finally beginning to beckon.
Come December, the waters roil.
On the banks of Hudson Bay, the weary gather.
The ice bear has finally found his way to others his age.
(GROWLING)
If they're going to compete for females, they have to learn to spar
and this is their last fleeting chance.
A chance Ice Bear now seizes.
A bond and rivalry forged on land
may last them years on the ice.
Finally, the sea turns from black to white.
He 's survived one of the longest summers on record.
Nearly six months on land.
His homecoming is a bay once again entombed.
Next year, the summer may be longer than ever.
The time to hunt seals on ice may get even shorter.
But, for now, the ice bear is home.