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Of course he's magical He never thinks of himself like that.
He is right really not passionate
about starting a business and making money.
There's a feeling of losing tonight at Highland Park, hometown of Aaron Swartz,
As loved say goodbye one of the brightest lights in the world. </ P>
Freedom, open access, and computers activists mourn for their loss. </ P>
"A amazing intellect ", if you talk to people who know him.
He was killed by the government, and MIT betrayed all of its basic principles.
They wanted to make an example from him, okay?
The government has insatiable desire to control
He has the potential to face 35 years in jail and a fine of one million dollars.
Generates questions about the spirit of the prosecutor's office, and I will say even wrong actions.
Did you see a particular problem? and reached a conclusion?
Growing up, I slowly experienced this process realized that everything around me was
People have told me that this is just a natural way. These things, what they are like,
they are not natural at all, There are things that can be changed
and there are more important things wrong and must change,
and once I realize that, really won't come back. </ p >
Congratulations on reading time.
The name of the book is "Paddington at the Fair".
Well, he was born in Highland Park and grew up here.
Aaron comes from a family of three brothers, all very bright
"Oh, the box is upside down..."
So we all, you know, not children behave best.
You know, three boys run around all the time, causing problems
"Hey, no, no! "
- Aaron! - What?
But I realized that Aaron learned how to learn at a very young age.
"One two three four five six, seven, eight, nine, ten!" </ P>
- Knock, tap! - Who is there? </ P>
- Aaron . - Whose aaron?
- Aaron Funnyman
He knows what he wants, and he always wants to do it.
He always finishes what he wants. </ P>
Keingintahuannya tak ada habisnya.
"Here's a small picture of what a planet is. And every planet has a symbol."
"The symbol of Mercury, the symbol of Venus, the symbol of the Earth, Mars symbols, symbols of Jupiter. "
One day he told Susan," Is this free? family entertainment in downtown Highland Park? "
" Free family entertainment downtown Highland Park. "</ P>
He was three years old at that time. </ P>
He said," What are you talking about? "</ P>
He said," Look, this written here in the fridge, "
" Free family entertainment downtown Highland Park. "
He was stunned and dumbfounded who could he read.
This is called "My Family Seder".
Night Seder is different from all other nights
I remember once, we were in < br /> University of Chicago Library.
I pulled out a book from the shelf It was from 1900,
and showed it to him and said, "You know, this is truly an extraordinary place."
We are all curious kids, but Aaron really likes to learn and loves teaching.
"And we will learn ABC backwards."
"Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T..."
I remember, he came home from his first Algebra class.
He was like , "Noah, let me teach you algebra!" </ P>
And I'm like, "What is algebra?" </ P>
And he's always like that. </ P>
"Now we press the click button, there! Now there is! "
" Now the color is pink! "
When you are around two or three years old, /> and Bob introduces it to the computer,
Then he immediately takes off like crazy.
(baby language)
We all have computers, but Aaron really For them, really brought to the Internet.
- Working on the computer? - no...
"Why... Mommy, why doesn't anyone succeed?
He started programming from a very young age
I remember the first program that I wrote with him was on BASIC,
and it's a Star Wars trivia game.
He sits with me in the basement, where is the computer,
for hours, programming this game.
The problem I faced with him was that there was nothing I wanted to do,
and for him, there there was always something to do,
always something that is programming can solve
The way Aaron always sees it, is that programming is magic
You can achieve these things normal humans can't.
Aaron makes an ATM like Macintosh and like a cardboard box.
One year for Halloween, I don't know what I want,
and he thinks it will be very, very cool if I dress like his new favorite computer,
the one at that time was the original iMac.
I mean, he hates dressing up for Halloween But he likes convince others
to dress like the thing he wants to see.
"Mr. Aaron, stop! Guys, come on, look at the camera!"
"Spiderman sees the camera!" </ P>
Dia membuat website ini bernama The Info, dimana orang bisa mengisi informasi.
I'm sure someone out there knows all about gold, gold leaf...
Why don't they write about that on this site? And then someone else can come at the next point,
and read that information, and edit Information if they think it's bad.
It's not too different from Wikipedia, isn't it?
And this is before Wikipedia starts, and this was developed by a 12-year-old child,
in his room, by himself, runs this small server using ancient technology. </ P >
And one teacher responds,
"This is a bad idea, you can't just go so that whoever the encyclopedia writer is!"
"All the reason we have scientists is to write these books for us. "
" How can you have a terrible idea? "
Me and my other brothers will be like, "Oh, you know, yeah Wikipedia is cool, but..."
"We have a home in our house, five years ago. "
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was organized by Cambridge-based ArsDigita web design company.
We all go to Cambridge when he wins the ArsDigita prize
and we don't know what Aaron is doing.
Obviously the prize is very important
Aaron was immediately involved with the online programming community,
so in the process of forming a new tool for the Web.
He came to me and like, "Ben, here it is. The amazing thing I'm working on."
"You need to hear it!"
"Yeah, ada apa?"
"This is what is called RSS."
And he explained to me what the RSS was. I like, "Why is that useful, Aaron?"
"Is it there are sites that use it? Why do I want to use it? "
There is this mailing list for people who are there Working on RSS, and XML is more common,
and there is someone on it named Aaron Swartz who is aggressive but very smart,
and who has lots of good ideas, and
he never comes to face-to-face meeting, and they say,
"You know, when will you go out to one of these face-to-face meetings?"
And he said, "You know , I don't think my mom will let me I'm only fourteen. "
Then their first reaction was: "Okay, this guy, this colleague we've worked all year
Thirteen years old when we were Working with him, and he only fourteen years old now. "
And their second reaction was:
" Dear God, we really want to meet him. That's amazing! "
He is part of the committee that designed the RSS.
What he did was helped build plumbing for modern hypertext.
The part he was working on, RSS, is a tool that you can use to get a summary
of things that happen on other web pages. </ P>
Most commonly, you will use this for a blog .
You may have 10 or 20 blog people you want to read.
You use their RSS feed, this summary what happens on that other page
to create an integrated list of all the things that are happening.
Aaron is right- really young, but he understands the technology and he sees that it's not perfect
and looks for ways to help make it better.
So his mother starts holding him on an airplane in Chicago We will pick him up in San Francicso.
We will introduce him to interesting people to argue, and we admire his terrible eating habits.
He only eats white food, just like steamed rice and not fried rice because the color isn't white enough
and white bread, and so on...
and you are rather amazed at the quality of the debate that emerges from here,
What looks like the mouth of a little boy,
and you will think, this is a child who really will go somewhere if he doesn't die of scurvy.
Aaron, you wake up!
I think the difference is that now you can't make companies like dotcoms. </ P>
You can't have a company that has just sold dog food over the Internet, or sold dog food over the phone mobile.
But there are still many innovations going on.
I think that maybe if you don't see Innovation, maybe your head is in the sand.
He took this, like the alpha nerd personality, where he was
like, "I'm smarter than you, and because I'm smarter than you, I'm better than you,
and I can tell you what to do. "
This is an extension of, like, he became like twerp.
So you gathered all these computers together and now they solve a big problem
like looking aliens and try to cure cancer.
I first met him on IRC, on Internet Relay Chat.
He didn't just write code, he also had people happy to solve problems it has.
He is a connector.
The free culture movement has a lot of energy.
I think Aaron is trying to make world work < br /> He tried to fix it.
He has a very strong personality that must have ruffled feathers at times.
Unexpectedly he always feels comfortable in this world
and the world isn't always comfortable with it.
Aaron goes to high school and is really sick of school.
He doesn't like it. He doesn't like one of his classes being taught He doesn't like teachers.
Aaron really knows how to get information .
He is like, "I don't need to discuss this The teacher learns how to do geometry.
I can only read geometry books,
and I no need to go to this teacher study the version of their American history,
I have three historical compilations here, I can read them,
and I'm not interested in that. < br /> I am interested in the Web. "
I am very frustrated with school. I think the teachers don't know what they are talking about,
and they dominate and control, and homework is a kind of trick,
and it's all like all about how to pen students all together and force them to do busy.
And, you know, I started reading books about educational history
and how this education system was developed,
and, you know, the alternative to that and the way people really can learn many things
as opposed to just spitting out the fact that the teacher told them,
and that kind of thing made me follow the path of asking these things, as soon as I asked the school I was in,
I questioned the community that built the school, I asked the business that the schools were training people for,
I question the government that forms this whole structure.
One of the things he likes most is copyright, especially in those early days.
Copyright is always a burden on the publishing industry and readers,
But that is not an excessive burden. It is a reasonable institution to have
to ensure that people paid.
What Aaron's generation experienced was a collision between this antique copyright system
and the amazing new things we wanted to build - the Internet and the Web.
These things collided, and what we got was chaos. </ P>
He later met with Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig,
who later challenged copyright law in the Supreme Court. </ P> >
A young man Aaron Swartz flew to Washington to hear the Supreme Court hearing.
I am Aaron Swartz and I am here to listen to the Eldred - to see Eldred's document.
Why did you fly here from Chicago, and get this far to see Eldred's argument?
That's a more difficult question...
I don't know Very interesting look at the Supreme Court,
especially in prestigious cases like this.
Lessig also moves forward with a new way to define copyright on the Internet.
It's called Creative Commons. </ P>
So a simple Creative Commons idea is to give people - creators -
a simple way to mark their creativity with the freedom they want to bring. </ P>
So if rights copyright is all about "All Rights Reserved", then this is a kind of "Some Protected Rights" model.
I want a simple way to say to you, "This is what you can do with my work,
even if there are other things you need to get my permission before you can do it. "
And Aaron's role is the computer part.
Like, how do you architect the license so that they will be simple and easy to understand
and disclosed in a way so that the machine can process it ?
And people like, "Why do you have a fifteen-year-old child who writes specifications for Creative Commons?
Don't you think it's a big mistake? "
Dan Larry is like," The biggest mistake we will do is not listen to this child. "
He is not even tall enough to even pass the podium,
and this moving podium is embarrassing,
Where did he first install the screen, no one can see his face.
When you come to our site here, and you go to "Choose License".
This gives you a list of these options, this explains what they mean, and you have three simple questions:
"Do you want to request attribution?"
"Do you want to allow commercial use of your work?"
"Do you want to allow modifications to your work?" </ p >
and Aaron stood there in front of a full audience, and just started talking
about the platform he made for Creative Commons,
and they all listened to it, only...
I sit in the back, thinking: he's just a child, why are they listening?
But they did it...
Well, I don't think I'm completely understand it.
Although critics say there isn't much that ensures artists get paid for their work,
Creative Commons success is huge.
Currently on the Flickr website itself, more than 200 million people use some Creative Commons licenses.
Aaron often writes honestly on his personal blog:
I think of many things, and I want others to do the same thing.
I work for ideas and learn from others. I don't like to exclude people.
I am a perfectionist, but I will not allow that to block publication.
Except for education and entertainment, I will not waste my time
on things that will not have an impact. </ P>
I try to make friends with everyone, but I hate it when you don't think seriously me.
I don't hold grudges, it's not productive, but I learned from my experience.
I want to make the world a better place.
In 2004, Swartz left Highland Park and enroll at Stanford University. </ P>
He suffered from ulcerative colitis which was very disturbing, and we were worried that he would take the medicine. </ P>
He was hospitalized and he would take this pill cocktail every day ,
and one of the pills was a steroid that inhibited its growth,
and made it feel different from other students.
Aaron, I thought, appeared at Stanford ready to do a scholarship
and find itself in a child care program for over-achieving high school children
who in four years are intended to be industry captains and one percent
and I think it only makes it banana.
In 2005, after just one year of college,
Swartz was offered a place at a new start-up incubation company called Y Combinator, led by Paul Graham.
He was like, "Hey, I have an idea for a website."
And Paul Graham liked it enough, and said, "Yes, of course." / p>
So Aaron came down from school, moved to this apartment...
So this was Aaron's apartment when he moved here.
I have vague memories of my father who said how difficult it was to get rent
Because Aaron had no credit and he dropped out of college.
Aaron lived in the now-living room and some of his posters were left behind when Aaron stayed here.
And then the library... there are more books, but many of them belong to Aaron.
The Aaron Y Combinator site is called "infogami", a tool for building websites.
But infogamy struggles to find users, and finally Swartz
combines his company with another Y Combinator project that needs help. </ P>
That is a project led by Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, called " Reddit ". </ P>
We are there, from almost nothing. There are no users, no money, no code,
and develops from day to day is a very popular site,
And it shows no sign of giving up.
Pertama kita punya 1000 pengguna, lalu 10000, lalu 20000 dan seterusnya, dan seterusnya ... Itu sungguh luar biasa.
Reddit is great and this is really a geeky corner of the Internet.
There is a lot of humor, there are a lot of arts, and there are only people flocking to this site,
and make the site the main site they go to every morning to get their news.
reddit type only borders on chaos on several levels,
So on the one hand it is a place where people discuss news about the day, technology, politics and issues,
but there are many types of material that are not safe for work, offensive material,
there are several sub-reddits where troll found the house welcome,
So, in that sense reddit is also the home of controversy.
It's like sitting on the edge of chaos.
reddit captures the attention of the magazine giant Condé Nast's corporate,
who made an offer to buy a company.
A large amount of money, large enough so that my father was tapped with questions
about like: "How do I save this money?"
- Like a lot of money... - Like a lot of money.
Like maybe more than a million dollars, but I really don't know.
- And he how old is he at that time? - 19, 20
So in this apartment. They sit around on what this sofa precedes,
hacking on Reddit, and when they sell Reddit
They throw a giant party, then all fly to California the next day,
and leave the key with me. </ p >
Funny, you know, he just sold his start up so we all suspect
He is the richest person around
But he said, "Oh no, I'll take this little little shoebox room. That's everything I need."
It's hardly bigger than a closet.
The idea of him spending his money Luxurious things seem very absurd.
He explained it as, "I like living in an apartment so I won't spend a lot of money to live in a new place, I won't buy a big house,
and I like to wear jeans and T-shirts,
so I won't spend any more money on clothes.
>
So this isn't a big deal. "
What Swartz's big problem is how traffic flows on the internet,
and what commands our attention </ p >
space in the airwaves You can only send ten channels via airwaves, television
or even with cable, you have 500 channels.
On the Internet, every people can have channels. Everyone can get a blog, or MySpace page.
Everyone has a way to express themselves.
What you see now is not a question who gets it access to the airwaves,
This is the question of who can control it the way you find people.
You know, you begin to see the power of centralization on sites like Google, a kind of guard lever that tells you
where on the internet you want to go
People who give you your news and information sources.
So it's not just certain people who have a license to speak, now everyone has
a license to speak This is the question of who was heard.
After him started working in San Francisco at Condé Nast, he came to the office
and they wanted to give him a computer with all this crap installed on it
and say he can't install new items on this computer,
which for developers is very embarrassing.
From day one, he complained about all the items </ p >
"Gray walls, gray tables, gray noise. The first day I appeared here, I can't accept it.
At lunch time, I really lock yourself up in the bathroom stall and start crying.
I can't imagine a sane life with someone buzzing in my ears all day
Never mind doing the real work done.
No one else seems to work here too
Everyone always goes into our room hanging out and chatting, or invite us to play
the new video game system that Wired is testing. "
He really has different aspirations that are politically oriented,
and Silicon Valley does not really have that culture
that directs technical activity to goals political goals.
Aaron hates working for the corporation.
They all hate working for Condé Nast, but Aaron is the only one who doesn't want to accept it.
And finally Aaron was fired.
By not appearing to work, forever.
It was said to be a farewell apart. Both Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman
refused to be interviewed for this film.
He refused the business world. One very important thing to remember
That choice when Aaron decides to leave start up Culture is that he also left the
things that made him famous and loved very much, and he risked disappointed fans.
He got to the place he was supposed to live in, and had self-awareness
and authenticity to realize that he had climbed the mountain of nonsense to be picked
a single rose and find that he has lost his sense of smell,
and instead of sitting there and insisting that it is not as bad as it looks,
and he gets the rose in any case,
He climbs back down, which is pretty cool.
The way Aaron always sees it, is that programming is magic -
You can solve normal things < br /> humans can't, by being able to program.
So if you have magical power, will you use them them for good, or to make you mountain of money?
Swartz was inspired by a visionary he had met as a child. </ P>
People who have found the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee. </ P>
In 1990- an, Berners-Lee arguably sits down
one of the most profitable discoveries of 20th century,
but instead of benefiting from this discovery from the World Wide Web, he gives it for free. </ P>
Inilah satu-satunya alasan World Wide Web ada sekarang.
Aaron certainly was greatly influenced by the Team.
The team was of course a very prominent early internet genius, who was completely out of cash.
He was not at all interested in how he would looking for ways to make a billion dollars.
People say, "Ah, there is money to be made there,"
so there will be lots of small nets,
instead of a big one,
and one small web, and all types of nets don't work,
because you can't follow links from one to another.
You have to have a critical mass - the problem is the whole planet,
so it won't work unless the entire planet can get on board.
I feel very strong that it isn't enough to live on world like now,
to just accept what you give, and you know, follow the things that adults say you do,
and that your parents tell you to do it, and that society tells you to do it . I think you should always question.
I take this scientific attitude, that everything you've learned is only temporary,
that it's always open to recantation or ask, and in my opinion the same thing applies to society.
Once I realize that there is a serious problem - a fundamental problem -
that I can do something to overcome, I don't see a way to forget it. I don't see a way to not do it.
We just started spending a lot of time,
just as friends.
We will only chat, for hours, until night.
I certainly understand that he is tempting me. I think to some degree,
I, like, this is a terrible idea, and it's impossible, and because of that I will pretend it didn't happen.
As my marriage was destroyed, and I was indeed really trapped without have to go,
We become roommates, and I bring my daughter.
We move, and equip the house really peaceful
My life hasn't been peaceful for a while, and it doesn't have anything at all. </ P>
We are very close from the beginning of our romantic relationship. </ P>
We are just... we are always in touch. </ P> >
But we are both really difficult people to handle. [laughs]
In the very discussion of Ally McBeal, he claimed to have had a theme song, and I made it play for me.
That was "Extraordinary Machine" by Fiona Apple.
I think it's just a feeling of a kind of little fought that the song has,
and also, like, this hope for that. </ P>
♪ On foot, this is a slow climb, but I well Because I feel uncomfortable, I can't stop
changing all the time ♪
In many ways, Aaron is very optimistic about life. Even when he doesn't feel it,
he can be very optimistic about life. </ P>
♪ The machine is amazing ♪
- What are you doing? (Quinn) - Flicker has a video now. </ P>
Swartz throws his energy into a new string
projects that involve access to public information,
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and a project called The Open Library.
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and the idea is to become a large wiki, a website that can be edited with one page per book. </ p >
So for every book that has ever been published, we want to have a web page about it that combines
all information from publishers, from booksellers, from libraries, from readers
to one site, and then gives you a link where you can buy it, you can borrow it, or you can see it.
I like the library. I'm the type of person who > go to a new city and immediately find a library.
That's the dream of Open Library, building this website where both can leap
From books to books, from person to writer, from the subject of ideas, through this broad tree
from knowledge that has been embedded and lost in a large physical library, it's hard to find,
It's not easily accessible online. This is very important because books are our cultural heritage.
Books are where people go to write something,
and to have everything that a corporation swallows is rather scary. </ P>
How can you bring public access to the public domain? </ P>
It may sound clear that you have public access to the public domain,
But actually it's not true. So the public domain must be free for all, but often locked up.
There are often cage guards. It's like having a national park but with the surrounding trenches,
and the weapon tower shows, if someone might really come and enjoy the public sphere. </ p >
One of the things that Aaron really wanted was to bring public access to the public sphere.
This is one of the things that makes him experience so many problems.
I have tried to get access to federal court records in the United States.
What I found was a confusing system called PACER.
Which stands for Public Access to Court Electronic Records.
I started Googling, and that's when I ran across Carl Malamud. </ P>
Akses terhadap materi hukum di Amerika Serikat adalah bisnis sepuluh miliar dolar per tahun.
PACER is just this extraordinary abomination. from government service can search for it. You can't tag anything.
You must have a credit card, and this is a public record.
US District Court very important; where many court proceedings begin.
Cases of civil rights, patent cases, all kinds of goods. Journalists, students, citizens and lawyers
all need access to PACER, and this sounds every step of the way.
People without means cannot see the law as easily as people who have that American Express Gold card.
This is a poll tax on access to justice.
Ini adalah pajak jajak pendapat tentang akses terhadap keadilan.
You know, the law is our democratic operating system, and you have to pay to see it?
You know, it's not democracy.
They make about 120 million dollars a year on the system PACER,
and there are no fees near it, according to their own records. Actually, it's illegal. </ P>
The 2002 E-Government Act states that the court can charge only as far as is needed,
to replace the cost of running PACER.
As founder of Public.Resource.Org, Malamud wants to protest the charges of PACER.
He start a program called The PACER Recycling Project,
where people can upload PACER documents that they have paid
to a free database so others can use them.
PACER people have received many complaints from Congress and others about public access,
so they have gathered a system in 17 libraries across the country which are free PACER access.
You know, it's a library every 22,000 square miles, I'm sure, it's not really comfortable. </ P>
I encourage volunteers to join the so-called Thumb Drive Corps,
and download documentation from the public access library, upload it to the PACER recycling site.
People carry a thumb drive to one of these libraries, and they download a collection of documents,
and they send them to me. I mean, it's just a joke.
Actually, when you click on Thumb Drive Corps, there is the Wizard of Oz,
you know, Munchkins singing, it becomes a videoclip appears:
♪ We represent a lollipop guild... ♪
But of course, I received a call from Steve Shultz and Aaron, saying,
"Wow, we want to join Thumb Drive Corps. "</ P>
Around that time, I met Aaron at a conference. </ P>
This was something that really had to be collaboration between many different people. </ P>
So I approached him and I said,
"Hey, I'm thinking of an intervention on the PACER problem."
Schultz has developed a program that can automatically download PACER documents
from the experimental library
Swartz wants to take a look.
Jadi, saya menunjukkan kepadanya kode itu, dan saya tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi selanjutnya,
But it turns out, for the next few hours at the conference,
He wasn't sitting in a corner, fixing my code, recruiting his friends
who lived near one of these libraries to enter the library, and start testing the corrected code.
At which time people in the court realize something is not going according to plan.
And the data starts to enter, enter, and enter
and there will soon be a 760 GB PACER document, about 20 million pages.
Using the information taken from the experiment library,
Swartz downloads parallel automatically from the PACER system.
He can get almost 2.7 million Federal Court documents, nearly 20 million pages of text.
Now, I will give you that 20 million pages might exceed expectations people
running a pilot access project, but surprisingly a bureaucrat is not illegal.
Aaron and Carl decided to talk to The New York Times about what happened.
They also attracted the attention of the FBI , who started asking Swartz's parents in Illinois.
And I got a tweet from his mother, said, "call me !!"
So, I think, like, what happened here?
So, finally I held Aaron and, you know, Aaron's mother like, "My Lord, FBI, FBI, FBI!"
An FBI agent walked down the driveway us, try to see if Aaron is in his room.
I remember being home that day, and wondering why this car drove in our driveway,
and just driving back . That's weird!
Like, five years later I read this FBI file, like, oh, yes, it's an FBI agent, on my home page.
He was very scared. He was really scared.
He was far more scared after the FBI actually called him on the phone,
and tried to suck him down to the coffee shop without a lawyer.
He said he came home home and lie on the bed and, you know, are trembling.
Download also finds massive privacy violations in court documents.
Finally, the court was forced to change their policies as a result,
and the FBI closed their investigation without filing a lawsuit.
To this day, I feel extraordinary
anyone, even at the most remote podidd field office on the FBI
thinks that the right use of taxpayer dollars is investigating people
for criminal theft on the grounds that they have made a public law.
How can you call yourself a lawman,
and think that there might be something wrong in this whole world
by making public law?
Aaron is willing to put himself at risk for the cause he believes .
Disturbed by differences in wealth, Swartz moved beyond technology, and became a broader political cause.
I went to Congress, and I invited him to come and hang out and apprentice for us to temporarily
so that he can learn the political process.
He sort of learns about new communities and tools of skills and new types of learning for hack politics.
It seems ridiculous that the miners have to brush it aside until their entire bodies are sweaty
Faced with the knowledge that if they dare to stop, they cannot eat on the table that night,
temporarily I can make big and bigger amounts of money every day just by sitting and watching TV.
But it turns out the world is ridiculous.
So, I founded a group called "The Progressive Change Campaign Committee ",
and what we are trying to do is we try to organize people through the Internet who care about progressive politics
and move the country towards a more progressive direction
to join together, join our e-mail list, join our campaign
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This group is responsible for sparking grassroots efforts behind the campaign to elect Elizabeth Warren to the Senate.
He might think it was a stupid system but he came in and he said, "I need to study this system,
because it can be manipulated like any social system."
But his passion for knowledge and library not taking a back seat.
Aaron began to look more closely at institutions that publish academic journal articles.
Because I am a student at a US university, I assume you have access
to various scientific journals.
Almost all major universities in the United States pay such license fees to organizations like
JSTOR and Thompson Fill to gain access to scientific journals that the whole world cannot read.
These scientific journals and articles are basically the overall wealth of human knowledge online,
and many have been paid with taxpayers' money or government grants,
But to read them, you often have to pay again while handing in stolen fees to publishers like Reed-Elsevier.
This license fee so large that people studying in India, rather than studying in the United States,
do not have access like this They are locked from all these journals.
They are locked from the whole of our scientific heritage.
I mean, many of these journal articles, they return to The Enlightenment.
Every time someone writes a scientific work, the book has been scanned, digitized, and entered into this collection.
That is the legacy that we have lived by the history of people who do interesting work, the history of scientists.
This is a legacy that should be ours as public property, as human beings,
However, it has been confined and marketed online by a handful of non-profit companies
then try to get the maximum benefit they can get out of it.
Be a researcher who is paid by the university or someone publishes a paper,
and at the very last step of the process, after all work is done,
After all original research is done - thought, laboratory work, analysis, after everything is done,
In the last stage, the researcher must hand over the copyright to this multi-billion dollar company.
And that hurts. This is an entire economy built on voluntary work,
and then the publisher sits at the very top and scraps the cream.
Talk about scam. One publisher in the UK made a profit of three billion dollars last year.
I mean, what is a racquet! </ P>
JSTOR is just a very small player in the story
But for some reason, JSTOR is a player that Aaron decided to face. </ P>
He went to a conference around Open Access and Open Publishing,
and I didn't know who that person was from JSTOR,
But I thought they - at some point, Aaron asked a question,
"How much does it cost to open JSTOR continuously?"
And they give some - I think it's two hundred million dollars,
something that Aaron thinks is really ridiculous.
Working in an alliance at Harvard, he knows the user at the famous MIT network is open and fast next to it
has given authority to access JSTOR's wealth. Swartz sees an opportunity.
You have the gate key,
and with a little magic shell script, you can get the journal article.
On September 24, 2010,
Swartz registered the newly purchased Acer laptop
at the MIT network, with the name "Garry Host".
The client's name is listed as "GHost laptop".
He did not hack JSTOR in the traditional sense of hacking.
The JSTOR database is organized,
it is very trivial to know how you can download all the articles in JSTOR,
because they are basically numbered.
That is basically slash slash slash... article number 444024 and - 25 and -26. </ P>
He wrote a Python script called keepgrabbing.pi,
which was like, continued to reach one article after another. </ P>
The next day, GHost's laptop started to grab the article,
but soon, the computer's IP address was blocked. For Swartz, this was almost no bump on the road.
He immediately reassigned his computer's IP address and keep downloading.
Well, JSTOR and MIT take a number of steps to try to interfere with this,
when they realize that this is happening,
and if step the simpler doesn't work,
Then at some stage, JSTOR only cuts MIT from having access to the JSTOR database.
So there is some kind of cat and mouse game
get access to the JSTOR database
Aaron, finally, the cat is clear because he has more technical ability
than the JSTOR database that people do in defending it.
Finally, there is an inventory cabinet that is not locked in the wrong basement one building,
and he left, instead of going through WiFi, he went there and he immediately installed his computer directly into the network
and left it there with an external hard drive that downloaded the article This is to the computer.
It is unknown to Swartz, the laptop and hard drive have been found by the authorities.
They do not stop downloading.
Instead, they install the camera reconnaissance.
They found a computer in this room in the basement of an MIT building.
They could revoke it. They could just wait for the man to come back and say,
" Dude, what are you doing, you know, cutting who you are? "</ P>
They can do all kinds of things like that, but they don't. </ P>
What they want to do is film it to gather evidence to make a case.
That's the only reason you filmed something like that.
Initially, the only person caught in a glitchy surveillance camera
used a closet as a place to store bottles and cans.
But days later, he caught Swartz.
Swartz changed the hard disk. He took it out of his backpack,
lean outside the frame for about five minutes,
and then leave.
And then they organize, like, reconnaissance places, when he bikes home from MIT,
This cop comes out from either side of the road,
or something like that, and starts chasing him
He explained that he was pressured and attacked by the police.
He told me that they - it was not clear that they were the police chasing him.
He thought that someone tried to attack him.
He said that they beat him.
It was only devastating. The idea of criminal prosecution of anyone in our family or anything
It's so strange and incomprehensible, I don't know what to do.
Well, they did a search warrant at Aaron's house, his apartment in Cambridge, in his office at Harvard.
Two days before the arrest, the investigation exceeded the local Cambridge JSTOR and police.
It was taken over by the US Secret Service.
The Secret Service began investigating credit card fraud and computer in 1984,
But six weeks after the 9/11 attacks, their roles expanded.
[applause]
President Bush used the Patriot Act to build a network of what they call the "Electronic Crime Forces".
The bill before I take into account the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists.
According to the Secret Service, they are primarily engaged in activity with economic impact,
organized criminal groups, or the use of schemes that involve new technology.
There is a man in the U.S. lawyer's office. who has the title:
"Computer Crime Division Head or Task Force"
I don't know what he has done,
but you are certainly not a person "Computer Crime Judge" without computer crime to be tried,
So he jumps on it, then if for himself, does not assign it to someone else in the office or unit
and that is Steve Heymann .
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann has been largely out of public view since the arrest of Aaron Swartz,
But he can be seen here, in an episode of the television show "American Greed",
was filmed around the time of Aaron's arrest.
He described the previous case against the famous hacker Alberto Gonzales,
a case that gathered Heymann's attention and great appreciation.
Gonzales masterminded the theft of more than one hundred million credit cards and ATM numbers,
the biggest fraud in history.
Here, Heymann, who describes Gonzales, gave his views about the hacker mindset :
These people are driven by many of the same things we push.
They have egos, they like challenges, and of course they like money and everything you can get with money.
One of the suspects involved in the Gonzales case was a young hacker named Jonathan James.
Believing Gonzalee's crime would be pinned on him,
James did suicide during the investigation.
In the initial press release describing the government's position in the case of Aaron Swartz,
Boss Heymann, US Attorney for the Massachusetts District, Carmen Ortiz, said this:
"Stealing is stealing, whether you use computer commands or crowbars,
and whether you take documents, data, or dollars."
That's not true. This is definitely not true. </ P>
I'm not saying it's not dangerous,
and I'm not saying that we shouldn't criminalize the theft of information,
but you have to be far more smooth
in trying to figure out what kind of danger is dangerous here.
So the thing about crowbar is, every time I enter a place with a crowbar,
I ruined There was no doubt about that. </ P>
But when Aaron wrote a script that reads
downloaded downloaded, one hundred times in seconds,
Tidak ada kerusakan nyata pada siapa pun.
If he does that to collect archives to do academic research on that,
There is never any damage to anyone.
He doesn't steal. He doesn't sell what he gets or give it.
He is right, as far as I know.
The arrest brings victims to Swartz.
He does not want to talk about it.
I mean, he is very stressed.
If you think that the FBI will come to your door at any time,
whenever you go down the hall, even to wash your clothes,
and they will go into your apartment because you left the door unlocked,
like... I will be very stressed,
and it's clear, so Aaron is always like a mood.
He won't give sensitive information about his whereabouts all this time,
Because he is very afraid of the FBI waiting for him.
This is a time of social and political activism that has never existed before.
Time Magazine will then be named, as their Person of the Year 2011, "The Protester".
There is a sort of nest of hacker activity that is ongoing.
WikiLeaks has released a pull of diplomatic cable,
Manning has been captured at that time,
It is unknown if he is the source of the leak.
Anonymous, which is a kind of protest ensemble that
has many hackers in its ranks,
is going on various kinds.
If you compare it to what it does,
this item should be left behind for MIT and JSTOR to handle,
in some kind of personal and professional problem.
It should never get attention from the criminal system.
That is not included there.
Before he was charged, Swartz was offered a plea agreement
which involved three months in prison, time in a halfway house,
and one year of house arrest,
all without using a computer.
With that condition Swartz pleaded guilty to a crime.
Here we are: we have no discovery, there is no evidence at all
about what the government case is,
p>
and we have to make this very big decision
where the lawyer encourages you to do this,
the government gives you a request that cannot be negotiated,
So whether you are guilty or not, you should take over the deal.
Boston has its own Computer Crime Division,
Many lawyers, maybe more lawyers than they need.
So, you know, you can imagine all kinds of cases that will be very difficult to try,
because you have some criminals in Russia,
or you have some people in the company
lawyers five hundred dollars or seven hundred dollars per hour
sit against you, and then you have this case with this child,
which is easy enough to prove that he did something,
and he has marked himself as a troublemaker with the FBI,
jadi mengapa tidak pergi sekuat yang Anda bisa melawan orang itu?
This is good for you prosecutor. This is good for the Republic,
Because you are fighting all types of terrorists.
I'm very scared.
I was very scared of my computer being confiscated. </ P>
I was very afraid of going to jail because my computer was confiscated. </ P>
I have confidential material from sources from my previous work on my laptop,
and that, above all, my priority - is to keep my sources safe.
I am very scared of what will happen to Ada.
Aaron told me they offer him an agreement,
and he finally just says that he will accept it if I tell him,
and I say - I really close by saying, "Take it." </ p >
He has this - he has developed, like, serious political aspirations
At the same time, between when, you know,
At that time when he ended entrepreneurial start-up life,
and started a new life that came to this political activism,
and he just doesn't believe that he can continue his life with a crime.
You know, he told me one day, we walked near the White House,
and he said to me, "They don't let criminals work there."
And you know he really is - he really wants it to be his life.
He doesn't kill anyone . He doesn't hurt anyone.
He doesn't, like, steal money.
He doesn't do anything that seems very annoying, and... </ p >
There is an idea that there is no reason that he should be labeled a criminal,
and take the right to vote in many states
to do what he does That's just too much.
It makes sense for him to be fined a certain amount of money,
or asked not to return to MIT again.
But to be a criminal? Facing a prison sentence?
Swartz refused the defense agreement.
Heymann multiplied his efforts.
Heymann kept pressing us at all levels.
Even with physical evidence confiscated from Aaron
Acer computer hard drive and USB drive,
prosecutors need proof of their motives. </ P>
Why does Aaron Swartz download articles from JSTOR,
and only what he plans with them? </ P>
We don't really know if it's true intention
because Aaron also has a history of doing projects where he will analyze giant data sets
to learn interesting things about them.
The best evidence for that is when he was at Stanford,
he also downloaded the entire Westlaw legal database.
In a project with Stanford law students,
p>
Swartz has downloaded the Westlaw legal database.
He found a disturbing relationship between legal research funders
and profitable results.
He did extraordinary analysis for nonprofit companies
gives money to law professors who write legal review articles
So it's a very corrupt funding system, you know, vanity research.
Swartz never releases Westlaw documents.
In theory, he can do the same thing about databases JSTOR. </ P>
It must be really fine. </ P>
If he, on the other hand, intends to create competitive services to JSTOR,
Like , we will organize ourselves, you know,
access to the Harvard Law Review and charge, you know, money for that,
Then, okay, now it seems like a criminal offense
because you are commercially trying to use this material,
But it's a little crazy to imagine that that's what it's doing.
So, but there is a middle case: well, what if he just tries free it for all developing countries?
But depending on what he does, it creates a very different character
how the law has to think about it. The government demands it
as if it is a commercial criminal offense,
like stealing a large number of credit card records, that it's a type of crime.
I don't know what he will do with that database,
But I heard from his friend whom Aaron had told him
that he would analyze data for company funding evidence for climate change research
that led to biased results, and I truly believed that. </ p >
I was just told that Steve wanted to talk to me,
and I thought maybe this was the way I could get out of this,
hanya keluar dari situasi,
and I do not want to live in fear because my computer was confiscated.
I do not want to live in fear of being imprisoned for insulting court demands
if they try to force me to decrypt my computer.
When they came to me and said, "Steve wants to talk to you,"
that seems reasonable
They offer Norton what is known as letter "Queen for the Day" or an offer.
This allows the prosecutor to ask questions about Aaron's case.
Norton will be given immunity from prosecution himself,
for whatever information he revealed at the meeting.
I didn't like it. I repeatedly told my lawyer
that I don't... this looks suspicious, I don't like this, I don't want immunity,
I don't need immunity, I don't do anything,
But they are right really so tight that there are -
they don't want me to meet with an immunity-free prosecutor.
[Interviewer] But to be clear, this is the "Queen For A Day" deal, a offer.
Correct, cover letter.
- Where you basically submit information to them in exchange for protection from prosecution.
-So, it does not submit information. That - at least that's not what I saw -
was just discussing, conducting interviews with them.
-Yah, mereka mengajukan pertanyaan ... -Mereka bertanya padaku.
-and they can ask about whatever they want... -Right.
- and whatever they learn... -I really... .
-They can't ask you to be tried - Right, and I repeatedly try to get naked.
I repeatedly - I repeatedly tried to reject the cover letter.
I am sick I am pressured by my lawyer.
I am confused. I did not do well at this time.
I am I was depressed, and I was afraid, and I did not understand the situation in which I was.
I do not know why I am in this situation.
I did not do anything interesting, let alone wrong.
We are out of our minds.
Aaron is obviously very confused about that. We are very confused about that.
Aaron's lawyer was very confused about that.
We tried to get Quinn to change the attorney.
I was very unused to be in a room with a big, well-armed man,
who kept saying that I was lying, and that I must have done something.
I told them this was a prosecutor
not a crime </ p >
I told them that they were on the wrong side of history.
I used that phrase. I said, "You are on the wrong side of history." </ p >
And they looked bored. They didn't even look angry. They just looked bored,
and it began to occur to me that we didn't have the same conversation.
I mean, I told them a lot about, you know, why people download journal articles,
and finally - I don't remember what's around -
I mentioned that he had done this blog post, "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto".
This is the "Guerrilla Open Access Manifesto",
supposedly written in July 2008 in Italy.
"Information is power. But like all forces, there are people who want to keep it for themselves."
"The entire scientific and cultural heritage of the world, was published for centuries in books and journals,
are increasingly digitized and locked by a handful of private companies. "
" Meanwhile, those who have been locked don't stand still. "
" You have sneak through the hole and climb the fence,
free the information that is locked up by the publisher and share it with your friends. "
" But all these actions continue in the darkness, hidden underground. "
" This is called stealing or piracy, as if sharing that wealth of knowledge
" moral equivalents plunder ships and kill crew. "
" But sharing is immoral - this is a moral order. "
" Only those who are blinded by greed refuse to let their friends make copies. "
" There is no justice because it follows an unjust law. "
" It is time to enter into the light and, in the great tradition of civil disobedience,
expressed our rejection of the theft of this private public culture. "
The manifest itself is allegedly written by four different people, and also edited by Norton.
But Swartz has signed his name for it.
After finishing, I went straight to Aaron and told him everything I remembered about it,
and he became very angry
p>
The things I have done should not be added like that.
I did not make a mistake, and everything was wrong,
but I never...
p>
I'm still angry
I'm still angry because you can try your best with these people to do the right thing,
and they will change everything against you.
And they will hurt you with whatever they can.
That we are fine with the justice system,
a system that tries to make game people become small traps so that it can destroy our lives.
So yes, I hope I don't say that.
But I am far, far more angry because this is me.
That this is what we, as humans, think is fine.
They use every method that I think they can think of
so that he provides information that won't help Aaron,
and help prosecute Aaron,
But I think he
The moon passed, because Swartz's friends and family were waiting for the looming indictment.
Meanwhile, Swartz became a go-to expert on a series of internet problems.
[RT Interviewer]... the question to you later: Do you think the internet is something?
that must be considered as a human right, and something that the government cannot take from you?
Yes, of course, I mean the notion that national security is the reason to turn off the internet,
That's what we heard in Egypt and Syria and all these other countries,
and so, it's true, sites like WikiLeaks will put up some embarrassing material
about what the US government is doing, and people will arrange to protest it,
and try and change their government. You know, and that's good,
That's what all the First Amendment Rights on freedom of expression, about freedom of association,
and therefore the idea that we should try and close it which I think is contrary to the very basic American principle.
A principle, in my opinion, is one that is definitely understood by our Founding Father.
If the internet already exists at that time,
instead of placing a "post office" in the Constitution, they will enter "ISP".
[RT interviewer ] Well, it's definitely interesting to see how far...
Swartz meets activist Taren Stinebrickner-Kauffman, and both start dating. </ P>
[Aaron] We need global public protest big.
[Taren] If there is no massive global public outcry, it will not cause any changes.
-You know, four people in this city must cause public anger large global.
-You know, we need a petition petition.
Without telling specifically, he warned him that he was involved in something
he only called "The Bad Thing".
>
And I have some kind of crazy theory, like, that he was having an affair with Elizabeth Warren or something.
I speculated both Hillary Clinton and Elizabeth Warren, actually, but...
So, sometimes at the end of July, Aaron calls me,
and I happen to pick up, and he says, "Bad Bad" might be on the news tomorrow. </ P>
Do you want me to give know you, or do you want to read it on the news? "
And I said," Well, I want you to tell me. "
to download too many academic journal articles, and they want to make an example from me. "
And I'm like," Is that it? Is that a big commotion? Is it true? That doesn't sound like a huge problem. "</ P>
On July 14, 2011, the federal prosecutor charged Swartz with four criminal charges. </ P>
He was charged the same day that two people in England which is part of LulzSec is captured,
and some other real hackers. And Aaron is just someone who is somewhat like a hacker,
enough that they can, you know, put his head on the pole and put it on the gate.
Aaron went to surrender, and they caught him.
They then stripped him looking for him,
took his shoelace, took his belt, and leave it in isolation cell.
The United States Massachusetts District Prosecutor's Office issued a statement
saying, "Swartz faces a 35-year sentence,
to be followed by three years of supervised release,
restitution, confiscation and fine of up to one million dollars. "
He was released with a guarantee of one hundred thousand dollars.
On the same day, the main victim in this case, JSTOR, </ p >
officially dropped all charges against Swartz, and refused to continue the case.
JSTOR - they are not our friends; they are not helpful or friendly to us,
But they also just like, "We are not part of this."
JSTOR, and its parent company, ITHAKA, also ruled out requests to speak with this film.
But at that time , they issued a statement saying,
"The government's decision on whether to sue, not the JSTOR task."
So, our belief that, with that, the case will end.
That we should be able to make Steve Heymann drop this case, or solve it in a rational way.
And the government refuses.
[Narrator] Why?
Well, because I think they want to make an example from Aaron,
and they say they want - the reason why they don't want
Move to demand a prison sentence and a prison sentence
is that they want to use this case as case for prevention. They say that to us.
[Interviewer] They say that? - Yes.
-This will be an example? -Yes.
-He will be used as an example? - Yes.
Steve Heymann said that.
Whose deterring? There are other people out there running into JSTOR,
and downloading articles to make political statements ? I mean, who are they rejecting?
It will be easier to understand the Obama administration
the posture that is supposed to be for prevention
if this is administration which, for example,
is claimed to be arguably the biggest economic crime
that this country has seen in the past hundred years.
The crimes committed caused a financial crisis on Wall Street.
When you start applying
Non-controversial antidote ideas
are only selective
You stop making a lawlessness analysis that impartial
and you begin to decide to use law enforcement resources
especially on the basis of political ideology,
and it is not only undemocratic, it should not be American.
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann later reportedly told an outside advisor to MIT
that the straw that broke the camel back
was a press release sent by an organization founded by Swartz called "Progress Requests ".
According to the MIT account, Heymann reacted to a brief support statement,
called it a" wild internet campaign "and" stupid step "
that moved the case from level one to one to the institutional level.
That is a toxic combination: prosecutors who don't want to lose face,
Those who have political careers are offing, maybe, and don't want this to come back and haunt them.
You spend how much tax money that catches someone for taking out too many books from the library, </ p >
and then bring your ass to court? No way!
I then moved to try to put as much pressure on MIT in various ways to get it
to go to government, and asks the government to stop the prosecution.
[Interviewer] What is MIT's reaction to that?
There seems to be no reaction from MIT at that time.
MIT doesn't defend Aaron
which, for people in the MIT community, seems outrageous,
karena MIT adalah tempat yang mendorong hacking dalam arti kata yang paling besar.
At MIT, the idea of walking on roofs and tunnels that you are not allowed to enter
Not just a travel rite, it is part of the MIT tour,
and lockpicking is winter courses at MIT.
They have the moral authority to stop it.
MIT never stood up and took a position to tell the Fed, "Don't do this."
"We don't want you to do this, you're too much, it's too strong."
... which I realize.
They act like other corporations. > They sort of - they help the government,
they don't help us, unless they feel they have to do it, and they never try to stop it. </ P>
MIT rejects repeated requests to comment,
but they later released a report saying that they were trying to maintain a neutrality position,
and Heymann's trust and the U.S. Prosecutor's office. no matter what MIT thinks or says about this case.
MIT's behavior seems very contrary to MIT's ethos.
You can argue that MIT closed its eyes, and it's OK to do it ,
But taking that attitude - taking that neutral attitude, in and of itself - taking a pro-prosecutor's attitude.
If you see Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak,
they started by selling the Blue Box, which was designed to deceive the telephone company.
If you saw Bill Gates and Paul Allen,
they initially started their business using computer time at Harvard,
is quite clear against regulations.
The difference between Aaron and the people I just mentioned
is that Aaron wants to make the world a better place, he doesn't just want to make money.
Swartz continues blatantly on various internet issues.
You know, the reason the internet works is because of the competitive idea market,
and what we need to focus on is getting more information about our government, more accessibility,
more discussion, more debate, but it seems like the focus of the congress is to close everything.
Aaron thinks he can change the world just by explaining the world very clearly to people.
[RT Interviewer] Flame can really control your computer, and make him spy on you.
Welcome, Aaron. It's nice to take you back to the show here.
You know, like a spy who used to be in the old days, put up a microphone and touch what people say ,
now they use computers to do the same thing.
[Narrator] Swartz's political activity continues,
His attention turns to a law that moves through Congress designed to curb piracy online. </ P>
It's called "SOPA". </ P>
Activists like Peter Eckersley see it as a very large outreach,
threaten the technical integrity of the internet itself.
[Ekersley] And one of the first things I did was call Aaron.
And I said, "Can we do a big online campaign against this?" </ p >
"This is not a copyright bill."
"This isn't it?"
"No," he said, "this is a bill about the freedom to connect."
Now I'm listening.
And he thought about it for a while, then said, "Yes." </ P>
And he went and set up a Progress Request. </ P>
Request for Progress is an online activism organization, we have about one million and a half members now,
but started in the fall of 2010.
Aaron is one of the most prominent public figures
who helped lead the organization around the issue of social justice at the federal level in this country.
SOPA is a bill intended to limit online piracy of music and movies,
But what it does basically brings a hammer to a problem that requires a scalpel.
If passed, the law allows companies to deduct finance across websites without due process,
or even force Google to exclude their links.
All they need is one claims of copyright infringement.
This pits traditional media titans against new remix cultures and is now much more sophisticated.
It makes everyone who manages the website become a police officer,
and if they don't do their job to ensure that no one on their site uses it for anything
It's even potentially illegal, the entire site can be closed even without trial.
This is above, I mean, this is a disaster. </ P>
RUU ini menimbulkan ancaman serius terhadap pidato dan kebebasan sipil bagi semua orang yang menggunakan internet.
There are only a handful of us who say, "Look, we're not for piracy either,
but it doesn't make sense to destroy the internet architecture,
domain name systems and so many make it free and open in the name of combat battles,
and Aaron immediately get it.
Freedom, guaranteed in our Constitution, freedom of our country has been built on
will suddenly erased
New technology, instead of bringing us greater freedom, will eliminate basic rights
we always take it for granted.
And I realized that day, talking to Peter, that I couldn't let that happen. </ P>
Saat SOPA diperkenalkan pada bulan Oktober 2011, hal itu dianggap tak terelakkan.
Our strategy, when I first came out, was to hopefully slow down the bill,
It might weaken it a little but, even we
don't think that we can stop this bill.
p>
After working in Washington, what you have learned is that, usually in Washington,
legislative fighting is a fight between various monied corporate interests.
They all argue to issue the law, and the closest fight
is when you have a set of corporate interests against a range of other corporate interests,
and they are financially equally matched in terms of campaign contributions and lobby.
That is the closest one.
where all the money is on one side, all companies are on one side,
and that is only millions of people on the other side.
I have never seen anything like PIPA and SOPA all my time in public service.
There are more than forty US senators regarding the bill as co-sponsors,
so they have been on a long journey
Sixty votes to erase all procedural bends. </ P>
Even I began to doubt myself. It was a difficult period. </ P>
Progress Swartz and Demand were able to gather a lot of support by using traditional outreach,
is combined with commonly used IP overrides, to make it easier for people to call Congress.
I have never met anyone else who can operate on its level
both on the technology side and on the promotion strategy side.
Millions of people contacted Congress and signed the anti-SOPA petition.
Congress was caught.
There something about watching Congress debate members who don't understand that,
Seeing them insisting they can manage the internet,
and a bunch of nerds can't stop it.
I'm not a bookworm.
I'm just not enough nerds...
Maybe we should ask some nerds what this really is. [laughter] </ p >
Let's hear, bring nerds...
[laughter]
Very?
[laughter]
to enlighten you so that your law does not backfire [audience laughter and applause]
and internet pause.
We use the term "geek" but we are allowed to use it because we are weird people.
The fact that it got that far, without them talking to any technical expert,
reflects reality that there is a problem in this city.
I am looking for someone to come before this body, and testify in a trial and say, "This is why they are wrong."
There used to be an office that provided science and technology advice,
and members can come to them and say, "Help me understand X, Y, Z."
And Gingrich killed him. He said that a waste of money.
I don't think anyone thinks SOPA can be beaten, including Aaron.
It's worth a try, but it seems like it can't be won,
and I remember, maybe a few months later, I remember he just turned to me and became like,
tens of thousands of users switched their domain names in protest.
Within a week, The humble Go Daddy reverses their position at SOPA. </ P>
When congresses support the recording and film industries,
realize that there is a backlash, they reduce the bill a bit.
You can see the curve. You can see that our argument starts to resonate.
It feels like Aaron has hit a match and blown it out,
attacked the other, and it exploded,
and finally he managed to catch quite a lot of firewood that was actually caught,
and then turned into this roaring fire.
On January 16, 2012, the White House issued a statement
saying they did not support the bill.
And then this happened:
I really believe that we have to deal with the issue of piracy,
and we have to deal with them seriously, but this bill isn't the right bill.
When Jimmy Wales put his support for blackouts on Wikipedia,
number five most popular site in the world,
this is a website that seven percent of all clicks anywhere on the internet.
Wikipedia is black.
>
Reddit goes black.
Craigslist goes black.
The telephone line on Capitol Hill is flat melting.
that they promoted just a few days ago.
Within 24 hours, the number of SOPA opponents in Congress
left this...
for this.
To see congressmen and senators slowly flipping through the day a power outage
is quite extraordinary.
There are like a hundred representative swings.
p>
And that's when, just as difficult for me to believe, after all this,
we have won
The thing that everyone says is impossible,
that some of the biggest companies in the world have written as a kind of piping,
has happened.
We succeed.
We win.
The things we hear from people in Washington, DC, from the staff on Capitol Hill are:
they receive more emails and more phone calls on SOPA Blackout Day
than they have ever received about anything.
I think it's a very exciting moment.
This is the time when the internet develops, politically.
It's very exciting because it's hard to believe that it really happened. </ P>
It's hard to believe a bill with so much financial power behind it
doesn't just sail through Congress. </ P>
And not only does it sail, it doesn't pass at all. </ P>
Sometimes it's easy to feel helpless,
like when you go out on the street and you line up and you scream and nobody hears you .
But I'm here to tell you today, you're strong.
[Crowd cheers]
So, yes, maybe sometimes you don't feel heard, but I'm here for tell you that you are right.
You are being listened to. You make a difference.
You can stop this bill if you don't stop fighting.
[Crowd cheers]
Stop PIPE.
Stop SOPA.
Some of the biggest internet companies, honestly, will benefit
from a world where their small competitors can be censored.
We can't let that happen.
rather than playing a small role in a big change.
But SOPA is like plays a major role in major changes,
And for him, that is some kind of proof of this concept
Like, "Okay, what I want to do with my life is to change the world."
"I think about it in a scientific way to measure my impact,
and this shows that it's possible. "
" The thing I want to do with my life is possible. "
" I have proven that I can do it,
that I am, Aaron Swartz can change the world. "</ P>
For a man who has never really thought he has done many things - which is Aaron -
is one of the few moments where you can really see
that he feels he has done something good,
feels like here is maybe one and only a round win.
Everyone says there's no way we can stop SOPA.
We stop it.
These are three very good wins, and this year isn't over yet.
I mean, if there is time to be positive, now.
You know, he won at SOPA a year after he was arrested.
This is not a happy time. There are many things that happen.
He is so aligned to participate in the political process, you cannot stop it.
The list of organizations established or founded by Swartz is very large,
and many years before Edward Snowden would expose extensive internet surveillance,
Swartz was worried.
It's surprising to think that accountability is very weak
And if the answer is: "Oh, we spy on so many people that we can't even count them again"
then there are lots of people.
That will be one thing if they say, "Look, we know the number of calls we are going through,
we don't know exactly how many real people are in line."
But they just returned and said, "We can't give you a number at all." </ P>
That's pretty - I mean, it's scary, as is. </ P>
And they put tremendous pressure on it, taking all the money he has produced.
They, you know, threaten to release his physical freedom.
Why do they do it, you know? I mean, well, why are they chasing a whistleblower?
You know why they are chasing people who tell the truth
about all kinds of things, I mean, from banks, wars, just some kind of government transparency.
So secrecy serves them who are in power,
and we live in an era of secrecy that coincides with the era where the government did, too,
many things may be illegal and unconstitutional.
So , those two things are not coincidences.
It is very clear that this technology has been developed
not for small countries abroad, but here, for use in the United States, by the government AS
The problem with spy programs is this long and slow expansion, you know,
Return to Nixon administration, right,
obviously it becomes big after 9/11 under George W. Bush,
and Obama continues to develop it, and the problem is slowly getting worse and worse,
But there's never been this time. You can show and say,
"Okay, we need to double the opposition of the day this is because today is an important moment... "
The prosecutor, according to my estimation of Aaron Swartz, is about sending a certain laserlike message
to a group of people whom the Obama administration considers threatening politically,
and in essence, hackers, information, and democratic activist communities,
and the message that the Obama administration wants to send to that particular community,
according I estimate, "We know you have the ability to create problems for the establishment,
and so we will try to make an example from Aaron Swartz
to scare as much as you can to not make that problem. "
And the government says," Oh, the legal opinion we use
To legalize spy programs is also classified,
so we can't even tell Which laws do we use to spy on you. "
You know, every time they can say," Oh, this is another example of cyberwar.
Cybercriminals attack us again. We are all in danger. We are all threatened. "
They use it as an excuse to encourage more dangerous laws.
[Interviewer] So just to follow - personally, how do you feel when fighting?
It's up to you!
-I know. It's just that we have to, you know...
You know, there are two polarization perspectives, right,
are all great, the internet has created all these freedoms and freedoms, and everything will be fantastic
or everything is terrible,
the internet has created all of these tools for cracking down and espionage,
and controls what we say.
And the problem is, both are correct, right? </ p >
The internet has done both, and both are amazing and amazing
and what will win in the long run is up to us.
It doesn't make sense to say, "Oh, one better than others. " You know, both are true.
And it is up to us which one we emphasize and which one we use
because they are both there, and they will always be there.
On September 12, 2012, federal prosecutors filed a superseding indictment against Swartz,
adding additional amounts of wire fraud, unauthorized access to computers, and computer fraud.
Now, over instead of four criminal charges, Swartz faced thirteen.
Prosecutorial leverage increased dramatically,
as well as the potential time and prison sentence of Swartz.
They filed charges separate to add more money,
and they have a theory about why this action is a number of federal crimes,
and very important sentences can be attached to it under the law. </ p >
That theory, and most of the prosecutors' case against Swartz
involves a law that was originally made in 1986.
This is called "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act".
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
Inspired by the movie "War Games" with Matthew Broderick - a great movie.
[Broderick] I have you now
In this film, a child gets the ability, through the magic of computer networks
to launch a nuclear attack. </ P>
[missile shots]
You know, it's actually not maybe, and certainly not possible in the 80s
But apparently this movie is quite frightening for Congress
passed the original Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
This is the law right behind the times, for example, punishing
terms of service such as settings. You can have something like
eHarmony or Match.com, and someone reveals their own personal characteristics,
and suddenly, depending on the jurisdiction and prosecutor,
they can be in the whole problem.
We all know what the "Terms of Use" are.
Most people don't read it, but not according to their terms can mean
you committed a crime.
Website service requirements often say things like:
"Be kind to each other", or "Don't do anything that isn't right." </ P>
The idea that Criminal Law has something to do with this type of violation,
I think attacking most people as people crazy.
The example becomes more "crazy":
Until that time it was changed in March 2013, the Terms of Use on the Hearst & apos; s Seventeen
magazine site said that you must be eighteen years old to read it.
I would say that the CFAA method has been interpreted by the Department of Justice,
Rarely and prone to abuse, CFAA has become a hammer weighing one size
for various computer related disputes. </ p >
Although not the only factor in the case,
eleven of the thirteen accusations against Swartz involved the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
"Why?" Questions /> hang up a lot of stories about Aaron Swartz.
Just what motivates the government, and what is their case?
The Department of Justice rejects an answer request,
But Professor Orin Kerr is a former prosecutor who has studied the case. </ P>
So, I think I faced this case in a different direction from others for a number of reasons:
I was a federal prosecutor in the Department of Justice for three years
before I started teaching. The government advanced
with charges based on what crimes they thought were committed,
just as a matter of pure lawyers, seeing precedents, seeing the laws,
Looking at history, seeing cases that are out there so far,
I think it's a fair charge based on that.
You can debate whether they should accuse this case.
There are only a lot of disputes. Some people are on the side of Open Access , some people don't.
I think the government took the Swartz "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto" very seriously,
and I think they see it as someone who is committed, as a moral command,
for breaking the law, for overcoming laws that Swartz thinks are unfair,
and in democracy, if you think the law is unfair, there are ways to change the law.
There will be a Congress because Swartz is very good at SOPA,
or you can violate the law by trying to cancel the law,
and I think what drives prosecution is the feeling that Swartz has committed,
not only to break the law, but to really ensure that the law is canceled.
That everyone will have access to the database in a way
You can't return toothpaste to the tube.
It will be done, and the Swartz team will win.
There is a big disagreement in the community, is that unjust law,
and finally, it is a decision for the American people to make, work through Congress.
And then the second problem is, I think, we are still trying to find out:
What the boundary between less serious violations and more serious violations?
We are now entering the computer environment and misuse of these different computers,
and we don't have a really strong feeling about what actually these lines are
because we only work that.
This is a bad use of prosecution policy.
Palu that the Ministry of Justice must frighten people
just becomes bigger and bigger and bigger,
And that's how most people - you know, you can't throw the dice with your life like that.
Should we knock someone's phone? Should we film them?
Should we turn someone over and make them testify against these other people?
That's how agents federal and prosecutors think.
They build cases. They make a case.
Swartz is caught in a feud of a brutal criminal justice system that cannot return,
a machine that has made America the highest level of detention in the world.
We in this country allow ourselves to be captured by the politics of fear and anger,
and whatever we fear, like the future of the internet and access,
and whatever we are angry at, instinctively creates criminal justice interventions,
dan kami telah menggunakan penjara, penjara, dan hukuman untuk menyelesaikan keseluruhan masalah
That, historically, has never been seen as a criminal justice problem.
The urge to threaten, accuse, prosecute, which is part of what
has created debate and controversy regarding access online and information on the internet,
is very consistent with what we have seen in other areas.
One of the differences is that people are usually targeted and victimized
With this kind of criminal and carceral response usually bad and minority. </ P>
Swartz isolation from friends and family increases. </ P>
He basically stops doing other things,
and this case, actually, took over his whole life.
One of Aaron's lawyers apparently told the prosecutor that he was very vulnerable to emotions,
and that is something they really need to remember so they know that.
It weighs heavily on him.
He does not like to do his actions and his movements are limited in any way ,
and the threat of imprisonment, which they beat him with a lot,
Very frightening for him.
Really ran out of financial resouces,
and the price is expensive, and he collects a large amount of money,
So, you know, it costs millions of dollars.
[Interviewer] Legal defense? - Yes.
-In millions? - Yes.
I think he doesn't want to be a burden on people.
I think that is a factor like, "I have my normal life,
and then I have the bad things I have to face,
and I try to keep the two of them apart as possible,
But they just started to run away and everything becomes bad. "
Swartz faces difficult choices that are increasingly difficult:
Do you acknowledge your guilt and move on with your life,
or do you fight a broken system?
p>
He refused the final application agreement and the trial date was set.
Aaron firmly stated that he did not want to give up and accept something
that he did not believe it was fair, but I also think he's scared.
I don't think they will punish Aaron.
I really think we are right. I think we will win this case.
I think we can win this case.
He didn't talk about it much, but You can see it
The great pain he experienced. </ P>
[song]
There was no time in his childhood whether Aaron had severe mood changes
or depressive episodes or whatever I will describe as "severe depression"
and maybe, you know, he is depressed. People become depressed.
[music]
Very early in our relationship, three or four weeks or something,
I remember he said to me
that I was much stronger from him.
You know, he is fragile in many ways.
Things are far more difficult for him than many people.
That's also part of the brilliance.
I thought he might have clinical depression in his early twenties.
I don't think he did it when I was with him.
He's not a "fun" person, but different from depression. </ P>
He was under great pressure for two consecutive years. </ P>
He just didn't want to do it again. </ P>
p>
He just - I just thought that was too much.
[song]
I got a call late at night.
I know there are no went wrong, then I called, and I realized what had happened.
One of the founders of the social news and entertainment site "Reddit" was found dead.
I just think, we have lost one of the most creative thoughts of our generation.
I was like, the whole world fell apart at that time.
It was the hardest night in my life.
I just kept screaming, "I can't hear you, what are you saying? I can't hear you!"
I can't That's it.
[Interviewer] Alright.
Yes, nothing makes sense,
and really still doesn't.
I am very frustrated, angry.
[exhale]
You know, I tried to explain it to my children.
My three-year-old son told me that the doctor would fix it .
I already know many people who have died, but I have never lost a person like this,
Because everyone feels, and me too, there are many things we can do - more is done like...
I just don't know he's there. I don't know this is what he suffered and...
He is part of me.
And I just want it not to be real, and then...
and then I only see the Wikipedia page and I see the end date:
"to 2013".
[quote on screen]
My first thought was : what if no one pays attention to it?
You know, because it's not clear to me how important he is.
I've never seen anything like the outpouring I saw.
Net only lights up. </ P>
Everyone tries to explain it in their own way, but I've never seen it
people mourn on Twitter before.
People seem to grieve online.
He is the internet child himself,
and the old world killed him.
We stand in the middle when great injustice is untouched.
Architects financially destroy dinner with the president, regularly.
In the middle of that time, the idea that this is what must be tried by the government,
The question is: Can we do something, remember what happened,
to make the world a better place,
and how can we continue that legacy?
That is the only question someone can ask.
Aaron Swartz, in some ways, brings the best of us, in an effort to say:
How do we fix it?
He, in my opinion, one of the true true revolutionaries
that this country has produced.
I don't know whether Aaron lost or won,
But we must be shaped by the hands of objects that are being held with him. </ P>
When we change the armed law agents to citizens who are trying to increase access to knowledge,
Aaron Swartz is not a criminal. </ P>
Changes aren't rolling on the wheel of necessity,
comes through constant struggle.
Aaron can really do magic,
and I am dedicated to make sure that the magic doesn't end with his death.
Exit last week, and come out of today, the phoenix has gone up.
[applause]
Since Swartz's death, Representative Zoe Lofgren and Senator Ron Wyden
has introduced a law that will change the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act -
obsolete laws that make up the majority of charges against Swartz.
This is called "Aaron's Law" .
Aaron believes that you really have to ask yourself all the time:
What is the most important thing I can do in the world today?
And if you don't do it, why not?
[Protesters] This is the form of democracy!
[People singing a lot] We are people too!
Freedom the internet is attacked, what are we doing?
Stand up, fight!
Freedom of the internet is attacked, what do we do?
Hey, hey! Ho, ho! NROC must go! </ P>
Saya berharap kita bisa mengubah masa lalu, tapi kita tidak bisa.
But we can change the future and we must do it.
We have to do it for Aaron, we must do it for ourselves.
We must do it to make our world become a better place, a more humane place,
a place where justice works, and access to knowledge becomes human rights. [applause]
So there is a person little boy, back in February, from Baltimore, fourteen,
who had access to JSTOR, and he had spalunking through JSTOR after reading something,
and he found a way to do an initial test for pancreatic cancer,
and pancreatic cancer kill your excrement because we detected it too late.
When we detect it, it's too late to do something about it,
and he e-mailed the entire department of oncology at Johns Hopkins,
you know hundreds of them, and every - - [Interviewer] Are you saying fourteen?
- A fourteen year old boy, yes, and most of them ignored it but one of them sent him an email back,
and said this was not a totally stupid idea, why didn't you come again?
This child works night and weekend with this researcher, and in February I heard it on the news
just a few weeks after Aaron died, when Aaron was delivered a lot...
Sorry...
and he said the reason why he heard the news because they had done it. They were sent
an initial test for cancer pancreas that will save lives,
and he said, "This is why what Aaron does is very important."
Because you never know, right? The truth of the universe is not just something
which policymakers use to find out, you know, what speed limit should be.
That's where things will make your child from death from pancreatic cancer come from,
and without access , someone who might find the item inside,
might never be able to find the answer
He fell asleep very well, he did not fall from [baby talk], even when he dreams of him returning to the spaceship.
[Father Aaron] Very good, Aaron. Very good. Yay, Aaron!
Okay, now it's time to sing.
♪ ♪ ♪
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