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Beyond the barren shores of the Dead Sea

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lived an ancient people called the Jebusites.

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Thousands of years ago, on a large
outcrop of bedrock,

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00:01:17,327 --> 00:01:20,797
it is said they worshipped Shalem,

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00:01:20,872 --> 00:01:23,216
the god of the setting sun.

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The city alone was known
as the place of Shalem.

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00:01:31,508 --> 00:01:33,602
Yerushalem.

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Over time, this city became the gateway
to God for three major religions.

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00:02:09,546 --> 00:02:13,096
And the most fought over piece
of /and in history.

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Many believed it was the center of the world.

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Today, the walled old city at the heart
of Jerusalem

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is a mosaic of cultures and beliefs.

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Where Jews, Christians and Muslims
live side by side,

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yet in separate quarters.

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Each in their own Jerusalem.

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Everyone in Jerusalem has a favorite gate.

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Mine is Damascus Gate.

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When you enter Damascus Gate

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00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:51,945
you are in the Muslim quarten my quarter

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This is my Jerusalem.

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In Arabic, we call Jerusalem, al-Quds,
which means the holy city.

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But it is also a place where people go
to work, where we buy our groceries,

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and kids play and go to school.

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Jerusalem to me is more than just a city.

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It's beauty, it's spirit
and it's also my religion.

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But most importantly, it's my family.

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Most people don't think I'm Muslim.

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It's only when I go to the mosque and I put
a head-scarf on, that surprises them.

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00:05:10,352 --> 00:05:12,946
But Jerusalem is fu/I of surprises.

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Twice a week, in the Jewish quarten
there is a big celebration.

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For boys, it's called the bar mitzvah.

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For girls, it's called a bat mitzvah.

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00:05:44,010 --> 00:05:47,480
It's the moment when you become an adult.

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00:05:58,733 --> 00:06:02,783
Jews in Jerusalem have come from over
a hundred different countries.

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00:06:03,780 --> 00:06:06,954
Take for example, my family.
My mother is from Paris.

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Her parents are from Tunisia.
My father's family is from Poland.

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No matter where we come from,
we all trace our roots back here.

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Sometimes I feel like I'm walking on
the same stones as my ancestors.

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Since Biblical times, we have a special word
when Jews return to the promised land.

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We say we're making aliyah, which means
going up to a higher place.

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00:06:53,580 --> 00:06:57,926
And for us, the Jews, there is no higher
place than Jerusalem.

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For me, the best time to come to Jerusalem
is Easter

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Every Easter starts with
the Palm Sunday procession.

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00:07:17,270 --> 00:07:19,022
It's where we walk down the Mount of Olives

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celebrating the day
where Jesus entered the city.

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Every year; me and my brother George join
in this Palm Sunday procession

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00:07:33,036 --> 00:07:36,381
and we end up meeting people
from all over the world.

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00:07:48,385 --> 00:07:53,232
Easter; for most people, is about the eggs,
the bunnies and decorations-

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00:07:53,306 --> 00:07:57,482
But here, we still have the same Easter
like 2,000 years ago,

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we still re-live what happened with Jesus

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the passion of Christ, the same step-by-step
every Easter.

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00:08:13,576 --> 00:08:17,501
In the Christian quarten we have
the Ethiopians, the Greek Orthodox,

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00:08:17,580 --> 00:08:22,006
the Catholics, the Coptics, the Syrians
and each community,

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00:08:22,085 --> 00:08:23,962
celebrates Easter in their own way.

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00:08:38,893 --> 00:08:41,863
Next to the Christian quarter;
we have the Armenian quarter

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and they celebrate Easter
in their own church.

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The old city is very small and the
four quarters do not communicate a lot.

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Although we live in the same area,
we don't know a lot about each other:

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Smaller than a square mile,

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Jerusalem's old city contains some of
the holiest sites in the world

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00:09:37,702 --> 00:09:40,501
for Jews, Christians and Muslims.

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So, how did half the people on Earth come
to cherish the same tiny space?

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00:10:11,027 --> 00:10:16,329
Jerusalem lies at the crossroads of
Africa, Asia and Europe.

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A region known as the cradle of civilization.

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00:10:27,836 --> 00:10:31,761
The Hrst empires began here
5,000 years ago.

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00:10:36,678 --> 00:10:40,899
As other great powers emerged,
the /and surrounding Jerusalem

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00:10:40,974 --> 00:10:43,477
became a constant battleground.

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00:10:56,739 --> 00:11:00,084
Each civilization left its mark here.

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00:11:03,913 --> 00:11:08,544
The Romans built vast port cities
on the Mediterranean Sea.

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00:11:13,423 --> 00:11:18,179
On the tombs of Biblical prophets,
Muslims built shrines.

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On a high plateau, above the Dead Sea,

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King Herod the Great built Masada,

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a mountain fortress where Jewish rebels

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made their last stand against
the Roman army.

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00:12:11,981 --> 00:12:16,908
In the Judean Desert, early Christians
built remote monasteries.

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Some still inhabit it to this day.

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00:12:43,721 --> 00:12:46,395
Conquered over 40 times,

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Jerusalem is many cities.

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Each one built on the ruins of another

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And most can stil/ be found
beneath our feet.

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Imagine you are a detective

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and you try to solve a mystery based on
pieces of evidence that you put together:

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00:13:12,709 --> 00:13:16,964
That's exactly what archeologists do
except that we do it for the past.

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00:13:19,882 --> 00:13:23,227
One of the things that makes Jerusalem
such an exciting place to work

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00:13:23,303 --> 00:13:26,432
is the continuous occupation layers,
one on top of the other.

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00:13:26,556 --> 00:13:30,026
Going all the way back, 5,000 years ago
to the first inhabitants,

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the Biblical Jebusites, and then
through the Israelites

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and the Roman period, and the Crusaders
and all the way up until today.

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00:13:40,695 --> 00:13:44,996
Understanding ancient Jerusalem is like
trying to put together a giant puzzle

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00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:47,122
where we are missing most of the pieces

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00:13:47,201 --> 00:13:50,000
and we don't know what the original
picture looked like.

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Everything that we dig up out of the ground
is a new piece of that puzzle.

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00:14:15,521 --> 00:14:17,899
Jerusalem lies in the head of a region

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00:14:17,982 --> 00:14:21,486
that has yielded some of archeology's
most incredible finds-

95
00:14:29,535 --> 00:14:33,415
One of the most spectacular finds
is the Dead Sea Scrolls,

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00:14:33,498 --> 00:14:36,593
which were written over 2,000 years ago

97
00:14:36,667 --> 00:14:41,298
and are by far the oldest copies we have
of the Hebrew Bible.

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00:14:47,470 --> 00:14:50,974
The deepest levels under the ground,
we #nd the earliest remains

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00:14:51,057 --> 00:14:53,480
of the people who lived in this land.

100
00:15:16,624 --> 00:15:19,673
What is it that drew people to Jerusalem
in the first place?

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It's an isolated, pooi; rocky mountain town.

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The answer is simple. Water

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In the heart of the ancient city of Jerusalem

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is a spring which has fresh water
in it all year round.

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So, the inhabitants cut a tunnel through
solid bedrock to get to that water

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Along with waten there is another reason
Jerusalem became important.

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00:16:03,463 --> 00:16:07,639
And that was at the top of the hill
that overlooked the city.

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The large outcrop of bedrock where
it is believed the Jebusites

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00:16:16,684 --> 00:16:19,437
worshipped the god of the setting sun.

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00:16:23,149 --> 00:16:29,327
In Jewish tradition, this is the foundation
stone where the world was created,

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00:16:31,282 --> 00:16:34,912
and some of the most important stories
in the Bible took place.

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00:16:37,079 --> 00:16:41,755
Abraham prepared to sacrihce his son,
in a test of faith.

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00:16:44,253 --> 00:16:47,382
King David brought the Ark of the Covenant.

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00:16:52,762 --> 00:16:58,110
And King Solomon built the first temple,
the house of God.

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00:17:04,607 --> 00:17:07,952
After the temple was destroyed by
the Babylonians,

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the belief survived, passed down
through the Bible

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that Jerusalem was the closest
place on Earth to God.

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00:17:28,089 --> 00:17:33,471
My grandfather came to Jerusalem when
he was 12 years old, in 1936

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00:17:33,886 --> 00:17:37,436
because his father felt that something bad
is going to happen in Europe.

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00:17:38,015 --> 00:17:40,814
But all the rest of his family
stayed in Poland,

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00:17:40,893 --> 00:17:44,147
and they all perished during the Holocaust.

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00:17:46,482 --> 00:17:49,907
He made research about every
place in the old city,

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00:17:49,986 --> 00:17:53,365
and he even wrote seven books
about Jerusalem.

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00:17:55,283 --> 00:17:59,004
And now in his 90s,
he is still learning every day

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00:17:59,078 --> 00:18:01,206
something new about Jerusalem.

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00:18:02,832 --> 00:18:05,676
It's his biggest love, I think.

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00:18:06,419 --> 00:18:08,888
After his wife, but...

128
00:18:09,755 --> 00:18:12,850
I think, I'm sure that part of his love

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00:18:12,925 --> 00:18:16,646
to Jerusalem has passed
to his family, to me.

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00:18:25,354 --> 00:18:29,575
There's a tomb on the Mount of Olives,
named after the prophet Zechariah.

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00:18:31,152 --> 00:18:33,371
That's where my family's name comes from.

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00:18:34,947 --> 00:18:39,453
Zechariah saw the destruction of Jerusalem
over 2,000 years ago,

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00:18:40,369 --> 00:18:45,842
but he prophesized that one day the Jewish
people would return to their homeland.

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00:19:32,713 --> 00:19:37,093
At the end of our holiest days,
like Yom Kippur and Passover;

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00:19:37,218 --> 00:19:39,266
we sing, "Next year in Jerusalem- "

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00:19:41,347 --> 00:19:44,191
For hundreds of years,
this was the Jewish dream,

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00:19:44,350 --> 00:19:46,227
to be back in Jerusalem,

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00:19:46,352 --> 00:19:49,231
and I have the chance to live that dream.

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00:20:28,144 --> 00:20:31,114
I can really feel the power of this place.

140
00:20:31,188 --> 00:20:34,317
How much energy is in this place.

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00:20:38,612 --> 00:20:41,616
I have this tradition, to go every birthday

142
00:20:41,699 --> 00:20:44,623
and to put a prayer note in the wa//_

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00:20:49,540 --> 00:20:54,137
We believe all prayers pass through the wal/
on their way to God.

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00:21:07,516 --> 00:21:13,614
The site of Jewish longing for generations,
the Western Wall is one of four walls

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00:21:13,689 --> 00:21:16,408
that support the enormous stone platform

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00:21:16,525 --> 00:21:20,905
where 2,000 years ago, King Herod the Great
rebuilt the temple

147
00:21:21,781 --> 00:21:25,536
on a scale comparable to
the Great Pyramids of Egypt.

148
00:21:28,078 --> 00:21:30,376
When Herod rebuilt the temple,

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00:21:30,456 --> 00:21:34,461
he surrounded the platform on which
it stood with a massive wall.

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00:21:35,461 --> 00:21:39,511
We're now rounding
the southwest corner of this wall

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00:21:39,590 --> 00:21:46,223
and as we come around, I want you to look
at the giant stones built into the wall.

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00:21:46,305 --> 00:21:52,062
In fact, think about this: how did they get
these huge stones into position

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00:21:52,144 --> 00:21:56,524
without the kind of modern machinery
that we have today?

154
00:22:05,032 --> 00:22:09,037
Using written records and the latest
archeological findings,

155
00:22:09,119 --> 00:22:12,498
we can imagine what the second temple
might have looked like

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00:22:12,581 --> 00:22:15,209
at the height of its splendor

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00:22:36,730 --> 00:22:41,782
Today, long after the second temple
was destroyed by the Roman army,

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00:22:41,944 --> 00:22:46,950
Jews mourn its loss at the wal/
that once stood closest to it,

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00:22:47,950 --> 00:22:49,873
the Western Wal/.

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00:23:12,641 --> 00:23:14,359
Hundreds of years ago,

161
00:23:14,435 --> 00:23:18,360
my family came from Greece and Italy
to see the Holy Land,

162
00:23:18,439 --> 00:23:19,816
and they stayed.

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00:23:23,986 --> 00:23:27,286
My mother's family settled here
in Bethlehem.

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00:23:27,364 --> 00:23:29,366
It's the city where Jesus was born.

165
00:23:32,202 --> 00:23:36,127
On Easter; we all get together in front
of the Church of the Nativity.

166
00:23:38,125 --> 00:23:41,254
And sometimes
I even get to sing there with my choir

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00:24:14,203 --> 00:24:18,800
For centuries, Christian pilgrims
have traced the footsteps of Jesus

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00:24:19,208 --> 00:24:21,302
from his birth in Bethlehem

169
00:24:21,377 --> 00:24:23,505
to his death in Jerusalem.

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00:24:31,512 --> 00:24:33,560
They followed the River Jordan,

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00:24:33,973 --> 00:24:36,226
where many believe he was baptized,

172
00:24:36,892 --> 00:24:39,736
until it meets the Sea of Galilee.

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00:24:49,071 --> 00:24:50,493
According to the Gospels,

174
00:24:50,572 --> 00:24:53,667
he began his ministry
in the village of Capernaum

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00:24:53,742 --> 00:24:55,585
and taught in its synagogue.

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00:25:06,422 --> 00:25:07,674
On these shores,

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00:25:07,756 --> 00:25:11,260
Christians believe he gave
some of his most famous sermons

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00:25:11,343 --> 00:25:13,971
and found disciples
among the local fishermen.

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00:25:21,645 --> 00:25:25,445
And it is here,
in Jerusalem's garden of Gethsemane,

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00:25:25,524 --> 00:25:28,152
that the New Testament says
he was arrested

181
00:25:28,235 --> 00:25:30,454
before being sentenced to death.

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00:25:49,506 --> 00:25:50,758
On Good Friday

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00:25:50,841 --> 00:25:55,563
thousands of pilgrims walk the Via Do/orosa
or Way of Sorrows,

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00:25:56,138 --> 00:25:59,642
said to be the path Jesus took
on his way to cruciHxion.

185
00:26:15,282 --> 00:26:19,662
The procession ends
inside the Church of the Holy Sepu/chre.

186
00:26:32,508 --> 00:26:35,261
You know, this church is very special to me.

187
00:26:35,803 --> 00:26:39,603
Sometimes I see people who have
dreamed their whole life of coming here.

188
00:26:41,433 --> 00:26:44,357
I realize how lucky I am to live in Jerusalem.

189
00:26:51,443 --> 00:26:53,866
I can come to the church any time I want

190
00:26:53,987 --> 00:26:55,910
to touch the rock of Golgotha

191
00:26:56,657 --> 00:26:59,251
it's where we believe
Jesus died on the cross.

192
00:27:03,872 --> 00:27:06,546
And visit the tomb where he was buried

193
00:27:06,667 --> 00:27:10,388
and three days later rose from the dead.

194
00:27:31,275 --> 00:27:35,576
To understand why many believe
Jesus was crucined and buried here,

195
00:27:35,737 --> 00:27:37,831
we have to go underground.

196
00:27:51,211 --> 00:27:53,259
Deep below the church,

197
00:27:53,338 --> 00:27:56,638
archeologists found ancient grafHti.

198
00:28:00,262 --> 00:28:05,393
A ship drawn by a pilgrim
with an inscription in Latin that reads,

199
00:28:05,601 --> 00:28:08,445
"O Lord, we have come. "

200
00:28:09,730 --> 00:28:12,609
Dated to over 1, 700 years ago,

201
00:28:12,691 --> 00:28:15,661
it suggests that Christians worshipped here

202
00:28:15,736 --> 00:28:18,285
even before the church was built.

203
00:28:25,871 --> 00:28:27,999
In another part of the church,

204
00:28:28,081 --> 00:28:32,052
are ancient tombs cut into a rocky hill

205
00:28:32,127 --> 00:28:34,380
known as Golgotha

206
00:28:41,428 --> 00:28:45,183
Most archeologists believe
this was a Jewish cemetery

207
00:28:45,307 --> 00:28:46,934
in the time of Jesus.

208
00:28:55,192 --> 00:28:57,615
These tombs in the rock of Golgotha

209
00:28:57,694 --> 00:29:02,040
would later become the site of
Christianity's most important church,

210
00:29:02,741 --> 00:29:04,994
the Church of the Holy Sepulchre_

211
00:29:09,748 --> 00:29:13,469
Ultimately, archeology
cannot prove Jesus was buried here.

212
00:29:14,336 --> 00:29:16,589
This remains a matter of faith.

213
00:29:58,922 --> 00:30:01,300
My family has deep roots in Jerusalem.

214
00:30:01,383 --> 00:30:03,727
We've been here for hundreds of years.

215
00:30:05,262 --> 00:30:07,560
We love talking about family history

216
00:30:07,639 --> 00:30:10,062
especially during the month of Ramadan,

217
00:30:10,142 --> 00:30:13,316
when the whole family gathers
to break the fast.

218
00:30:28,744 --> 00:30:29,996
During Ramadan,

219
00:30:30,078 --> 00:30:33,457
every street competes to see
who can make the best decorations

220
00:30:33,540 --> 00:30:35,759
and who can throw the biggest parade.

221
00:31:27,010 --> 00:31:31,186
To the Muslim world,
Jerusalem is the city of the prophets,

222
00:31:31,556 --> 00:31:34,776
Abraham, David and Jesus.

223
00:31:40,482 --> 00:31:44,203
Muslims believe that the last of the prophets
was Muhammad,

224
00:31:44,277 --> 00:31:48,123
and that one night, he was taken
on a miraculous journey

225
00:31:48,198 --> 00:31:51,452
from Mecca to Jerusalem,

226
00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:55,881
where he ascended to heaven
on a ladder of light.

227
00:32:07,426 --> 00:32:09,224
For over a thousand years,

228
00:32:09,302 --> 00:32:12,681
Muslims have linked
the Prophet Muhammad's night journey

229
00:32:13,014 --> 00:32:17,110
with the stone platform that houses
the golden Dome of the Rock

230
00:32:17,185 --> 00:32:19,187
and the mosque at the southern end.

231
00:32:31,032 --> 00:32:32,784
When you go up to the mosque,

232
00:32:32,868 --> 00:32:36,338
you leave all the noises
and the crowds behind you.

233
00:32:38,582 --> 00:32:41,631
You come out to this wide open space

234
00:32:41,710 --> 00:32:45,055
HI/ed with birds and trees.

235
00:32:46,882 --> 00:32:49,476
It's like you're in another world.

236
00:33:11,698 --> 00:33:14,952
Out of all the buildings in Jerusalem,

237
00:33:15,035 --> 00:33:18,790
the most beautiful to me is
the Dome of the Rock.

238
00:33:58,703 --> 00:34:01,798
The Dome of the Rock
is actually built over a rock,

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00:34:01,873 --> 00:34:03,625
which we call al-Sakhrah,

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where we believe Prophet Muhammad,
peace be upon him,

241
00:34:07,128 --> 00:34:11,850
rose to the heaven
and led all the prophets in prayer

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00:34:23,019 --> 00:34:25,317
Built 1,300 years ago,

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00:34:25,397 --> 00:34:29,903
the Dome of the Rock is among the
oldest Islamic monuments in the world.

244
00:34:32,988 --> 00:34:36,743
But why here, just above the Western Wa/I?

245
00:34:37,951 --> 00:34:42,297
What is it about this site that made it
the gateway to God for Muslims?

246
00:34:54,134 --> 00:34:56,762
The oldest map of Jerusalem
ever discovered

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00:34:56,845 --> 00:35:01,066
shows that when the Muslims arrived
as conquerors in the seventh century

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00:35:01,474 --> 00:35:03,602
they found a Christian city,

249
00:35:03,685 --> 00:35:06,780
dominated by the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

250
00:35:15,864 --> 00:35:19,494
It is said they were invited to pray
inside the church,

251
00:35:19,576 --> 00:35:23,626
but asked instead to be taken
to the top of the stone platform

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00:35:23,705 --> 00:35:26,003
to look for their own place of worship.

253
00:35:29,502 --> 00:35:32,847
They found it abandoned,
filled with rubbish.

254
00:35:41,348 --> 00:35:45,819
Only once they cleaned it did they uncover
what they were searching for

255
00:35:50,774 --> 00:35:53,118
The large outcrop of bedrock,

256
00:35:54,277 --> 00:35:58,157
the object at the center
of Jerusalem's sacred stories.

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00:36:06,247 --> 00:36:10,798
Today, the Dome of the Rock
guards the ancient stone,

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00:36:11,044 --> 00:36:16,801
where it is believed the Jebusites
once worshipped, the temple stood,

259
00:36:16,883 --> 00:36:20,262
and the Prophet Muhammad
ascended to heaven.

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00:37:18,611 --> 00:37:20,488
On the Saturday before Easter;

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00:37:20,572 --> 00:37:24,247
Orthodox Christians celebrate
the resurrection of Jesus

262
00:37:24,325 --> 00:37:26,748
in the ceremony of the Ho/y Fire,

263
00:37:28,538 --> 00:37:31,633
one of the oldest rituals in Christianity.

264
00:37:45,263 --> 00:37:47,265
On the Jewish High Holy Days,

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00:37:47,348 --> 00:37:51,444
Jews gather at the Western Wall
for the priestly blessing,

266
00:37:53,146 --> 00:37:56,821
said to be the same blessing
given by priests in the temple

267
00:37:56,900 --> 00:37:58,743
3,000 years ago.

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00:38:10,038 --> 00:38:12,416
In the Hnal days of Ramadan,

269
00:38:12,499 --> 00:38:17,721
Muslims believe the sky opens up
and all their prayers are answered.

270
00:39:57,562 --> 00:39:59,656
When I come to the Old City,

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00:39:59,898 --> 00:40:02,697
I see Christians and Muslims,

272
00:40:03,151 --> 00:40:06,997
and I'm very curious about
how do they see Jerusalem.

273
00:40:15,121 --> 00:40:18,295
And I also wonder if they're
curious about my community

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00:40:18,416 --> 00:40:20,214
about my life.

275
00:40:29,844 --> 00:40:32,688
Every religion has an assumption
of one another

276
00:40:33,348 --> 00:40:34,850
We think we 're so different,

277
00:40:35,308 --> 00:40:38,437
but we have more in common
than we realize.

278
00:40:42,315 --> 00:40:46,991
We live in this small area,
and I know we all love it.

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00:40:47,153 --> 00:40:48,951
We all love Jerusalem.

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00:40:53,993 --> 00:40:56,667
You know, I hope one day
we can have the courage

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00:40:56,788 --> 00:41:00,133
to meet the people
who are living right next to us.

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00:41:04,379 --> 00:41:05,551
Maybe not yet.

283
00:41:06,881 --> 00:41:08,554
Someday, yes.

284
00:41:20,561 --> 00:41:22,984
Jews, Christians and Muslims,

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00:41:23,064 --> 00:41:26,238
have often found themselves in conflict.

286
00:41:26,734 --> 00:41:31,581
Yet they share a heritage and a love
for the land that nourish their beliefs.

287
00:41:34,993 --> 00:41:38,793
Nowhere is this more apparent
than Jerusalem.

288
00:41:40,707 --> 00:41:45,554
This city on a hill binds together
the hopes of the world.

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00:43:40,707 --> 00:44:45,554