1 00:00:26,791 --> 00:00:29,916 In the beginning there was darkness, 2 00:00:31,083 --> 00:00:32,333 only sea. 3 00:00:34,666 --> 00:00:36,166 Initially 4 00:00:36,958 --> 00:00:38,083 no sun, 5 00:00:39,083 --> 00:00:41,583 no moon, no people. 6 00:00:44,291 --> 00:00:45,708 Initially 7 00:00:46,458 --> 00:00:48,041 no animals 8 00:00:48,541 --> 00:00:49,833 or plants, 9 00:00:51,375 --> 00:00:52,625 only sea. 10 00:00:54,208 --> 00:00:57,625 The sea is the mother it's nothing. 11 00:00:58,625 --> 00:01:00,666 Nothing at all. 12 00:01:03,166 --> 00:01:05,916 He is the spirit of what is to come, 13 00:01:07,166 --> 00:01:11,291 and he has all the memory and possibilities. 14 00:03:24,875 --> 00:03:25,791 Sea 15 00:03:26,875 --> 00:03:28,875 are the forces that make up the planet. 16 00:03:32,916 --> 00:03:34,291 It is the mother of all life. 17 00:03:38,833 --> 00:03:40,791 From the earliest bacteria 18 00:03:41,708 --> 00:03:44,083 to the most complicated form of life, 19 00:03:45,708 --> 00:03:49,125 we all come from the big sea placenta, 20 00:03:52,250 --> 00:03:55,500 and we all descend from the same ancestral creature, 21 00:03:57,625 --> 00:04:00,125 submerged in the first waters of Earth. 22 00:04:24,916 --> 00:04:28,333 We all share the same genetic code. 23 00:04:44,291 --> 00:04:47,333 Water is the source of life for the planet. 24 00:04:49,583 --> 00:04:52,000 Without water, there will be no life. 25 00:06:33,791 --> 00:06:38,416 OCUCAJE DESERT 26 00:06:50,666 --> 00:06:52,958 Landscape like this month, 27 00:06:53,833 --> 00:06:56,250 dominated by sun and wind, 28 00:06:57,625 --> 00:06:59,666 is the Ocucaje Desert 29 00:07:00,708 --> 00:07:02,541 on the south coast of Peru. 30 00:07:11,875 --> 00:07:14,166 Although one cannot say at first glance, 31 00:07:15,791 --> 00:07:17,666 It was once filled with life, 32 00:07:19,375 --> 00:07:21,958 and past memories 33 00:07:22,541 --> 00:07:26,208 remain embedded on the desert floor. 34 00:07:39,083 --> 00:07:44,708 PALEONTOLOGICAL VERTEBRATE 35 00:07:44,791 --> 00:07:46,791 For me, this desert 36 00:07:47,916 --> 00:07:51,416 offers an opportunity to realize my dreams understand the past. 37 00:08:09,250 --> 00:08:13,875 In Ocucaje, the mound that comes doesn't always rock. 38 00:08:16,875 --> 00:08:20,458 When you get closer, You start to see vertebrae, 39 00:08:20,541 --> 00:08:23,875 ribs, jaw bone, skull. 40 00:08:49,958 --> 00:08:54,208 This is a skeleton of a whale which lived about 10 million years ago. 41 00:08:57,083 --> 00:09:00,833 The total length of this animal must be around eight meters. 42 00:09:02,666 --> 00:09:05,291 That is the ancestor of the pope today. 43 00:09:07,708 --> 00:09:10,375 Very large vertebrae visible, 44 00:09:10,833 --> 00:09:13,541 along with ribs on both sides of the spine. 45 00:09:20,875 --> 00:09:23,791 He has a long skull with flat bones... 46 00:09:25,166 --> 00:09:29,083 and jaw bones such as arches set to the bottom of the cranium. 47 00:09:33,875 --> 00:09:37,083 It will eat by filtering microorganisms 48 00:09:37,166 --> 00:09:39,000 from the sea of the coast of Ica. 49 00:09:58,125 --> 00:10:00,041 The bar that you can see here, 50 00:10:00,833 --> 00:10:03,000 between the upper and lower jaw, 51 00:10:03,375 --> 00:10:05,375 actually whale whales. 52 00:10:07,625 --> 00:10:09,333 Whales don't have teeth. 53 00:10:09,416 --> 00:10:13,833 They use baleen filters made from proteins called keratin. 54 00:10:14,166 --> 00:10:18,125 Even so, 10 or 12 million years later, 55 00:10:18,208 --> 00:10:19,666 This baleen has been preserved. 56 00:10:20,166 --> 00:10:23,250 This is the fossilization process 57 00:10:23,333 --> 00:10:27,125 which makes Ocucaje unique. 58 00:10:32,666 --> 00:10:36,458 Ocucaje Desert is the best place in the world 59 00:10:36,541 --> 00:10:40,083 to study evolution whales and dolphins 60 00:10:40,166 --> 00:10:43,208 for the past 40 million years. 61 00:10:48,750 --> 00:10:52,583 Each transformation, each stage, has been recorded here. 62 00:10:59,958 --> 00:11:03,541 How is a whale that lives in the ocean 63 00:11:03,958 --> 00:11:06,375 end up in the middle of the desert? 64 00:11:16,791 --> 00:11:18,750 Travel to this place 65 00:11:19,458 --> 00:11:21,916 start far away, 66 00:11:22,583 --> 00:11:25,208 on the land between India and Africa 67 00:11:25,958 --> 00:11:28,416 50 million years ago. 68 00:11:29,958 --> 00:11:33,666 There, a group of ancient land dwellers 69 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:35,500 back to the sea. 70 00:11:37,291 --> 00:11:39,666 In reintegrating with this sea, 71 00:11:40,541 --> 00:11:43,083 their organs evolved in a transformation 72 00:11:43,208 --> 00:11:46,500 that allows them to adapt to this new environment. 73 00:11:48,458 --> 00:11:50,333 Their bodies become longer, 74 00:11:51,041 --> 00:11:54,166 Their legs turn into fins 75 00:11:54,875 --> 00:11:56,291 while their tails 76 00:11:56,375 --> 00:12:00,666 develops to be very strong, is enough to push them through water. 77 00:12:07,583 --> 00:12:10,250 These creatures migrate across the ocean in the world, 78 00:12:11,083 --> 00:12:13,291 finally reach the coastline 79 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:16,541 where the Peruvian desert is now lying. 80 00:12:32,666 --> 00:12:35,250 Mountains from Andes produced 81 00:12:35,333 --> 00:12:37,875 by tectonic plate collisions 82 00:12:38,875 --> 00:12:41,625 when the seabed is lifted along that 83 00:12:41,708 --> 00:12:43,166 from the Pacific coast of the continent. 84 00:12:45,125 --> 00:12:49,500 This submerged area rises to form part of the desert coast, 85 00:12:50,125 --> 00:12:53,291 along with the remains their fantastic occupants. 86 00:13:12,833 --> 00:13:15,916 When I studied fossils scattered in this desert, 87 00:13:16,625 --> 00:13:18,208 I think about the origin of life, 88 00:13:19,125 --> 00:13:21,291 because all life comes from the sea. 89 00:13:22,541 --> 00:13:27,333 Millions of years ago, our own ancestors were inhabited 90 00:13:27,666 --> 00:13:29,125 Ocean of the world. 91 00:13:45,708 --> 00:13:49,958 The earliest hunters on the continent and gatherers 92 00:13:50,083 --> 00:13:51,916 walking on this coastline. 93 00:13:54,875 --> 00:13:56,958 Maybe they feel, long ago, 94 00:13:57,666 --> 00:14:00,708 when they listen to for soft breaking waves, 95 00:14:01,708 --> 00:14:06,000 new bond with the extent of the ocean. 96 00:14:09,333 --> 00:14:13,541 The magic of the blue world is enchanting. 97 00:14:15,083 --> 00:14:20,583 Nothing we see today can be compared to with the many forms of life 98 00:14:20,875 --> 00:14:23,958 in what is still pure environment. 99 00:14:30,666 --> 00:14:35,375 The early human group saw how the sea was connected to the river, 100 00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:38,583 plateau and mountains, 101 00:14:39,208 --> 00:14:41,791 and how all water returns to the sea, 102 00:14:42,583 --> 00:14:47,166 create cycles, life style that flows without end. 103 00:14:52,125 --> 00:14:56,958 Sea is more than just a food source. 104 00:14:57,750 --> 00:15:00,583 That spirit that brings all life, 105 00:15:01,125 --> 00:15:04,166 and it must be said thank you. 106 00:15:05,375 --> 00:15:09,833 And that's how humans build temples along the coast 107 00:15:10,541 --> 00:15:12,791 to connect with the essence of the sea. 108 00:15:13,708 --> 00:15:19,000 TEMPLE SALITRE INCA CULTURE (1450 - 1532 A.D.) 109 00:15:19,625 --> 00:15:22,875 Temples form links between worldly worlds 110 00:15:22,958 --> 00:15:24,625 and the heavenly realm of the gods, 111 00:15:26,041 --> 00:15:27,625 and the ocean 112 00:15:28,041 --> 00:15:30,625 and the underground world is hidden in its depths. 113 00:15:31,500 --> 00:15:36,250 In this case, someone can feel relationship with something higher 114 00:15:36,666 --> 00:15:40,750 in the form of offerings to the sea. 115 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:47,666 URBANIS ARCHITECT 116 00:15:47,750 --> 00:15:52,750 SPECIALISTS IN PRA-COLUMBIAN URBANISME 117 00:15:56,208 --> 00:15:58,750 PARAÍSO TEMPLE PARAÍSO ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX 118 00:15:58,833 --> 00:16:00,416 PRECERAMIC PERIOD (2500 BC) 119 00:16:09,083 --> 00:16:10,125 SENTINEL SAINT PETER 120 00:16:10,208 --> 00:16:11,833 LURÍN CHINCHA COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL 121 00:16:11,916 --> 00:16:13,500 CHINCHA CULTURE (1000 - 1450 A.D.) 122 00:16:22,958 --> 00:16:27,333 As an architect and city planner, my job is to understand the structure 123 00:16:27,416 --> 00:16:32,041 and their relationship with their environment. 124 00:16:34,625 --> 00:16:37,125 PYRAMID WITH RAMP N. 2 125 00:16:37,208 --> 00:16:39,708 PACHACAMAC COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL, LIMA 126 00:16:39,791 --> 00:16:42,791 ICHMA CULTURE (1000 - 1450 A.D.) 127 00:16:51,833 --> 00:16:54,750 Bandurria is a perfect example relationship with location. 128 00:16:55,750 --> 00:16:58,291 Here, the temple is set on the east-west axis... 129 00:16:58,416 --> 00:16:59,875 BANDURRIA TEMPLE 130 00:17:00,250 --> 00:17:03,958 ... parallel to with the movement of stars, 131 00:17:06,125 --> 00:17:09,875 when they appear are submerged by the sea. 132 00:17:10,875 --> 00:17:13,625 BANDURRIA TEMPLE BANDURRIA ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX 133 00:17:13,708 --> 00:17:15,250 PRECERAMIC PERIOD (2500 BC) 134 00:17:17,166 --> 00:17:22,041 In other valleys, there are more temples closely related to the sea. 135 00:17:22,125 --> 00:17:23,958 COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL HUARCO HUARCO CULTURE (1000 - 1450 A.D.) 136 00:17:24,041 --> 00:17:27,250 According to the history writer Cieza de León, 137 00:17:27,333 --> 00:17:29,708 Cerro Azul is one of the best Inca structures 138 00:17:30,125 --> 00:17:31,791 found anywhere on the beach. 139 00:17:32,541 --> 00:17:34,916 The temple has ramps 140 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:38,666 where the priests walk high to the beach. 141 00:17:48,625 --> 00:17:52,250 Today, we don't study history as a way to return to the past. 142 00:17:52,541 --> 00:17:55,250 We learn history as a way of understanding the present 143 00:17:55,333 --> 00:17:58,125 and create a tool that will allow us 144 00:17:58,208 --> 00:18:00,708 to produce a better template for the future. 145 00:18:21,666 --> 00:18:24,416 Understanding their relationship with the ocean, 146 00:18:25,375 --> 00:18:28,166 ancient temples built by to glorify the sea... 147 00:18:28,333 --> 00:18:29,541 ICA RIVER LOWER VALLEY 148 00:18:29,625 --> 00:18:34,000 ... while looking for ways to use the natural world 149 00:18:34,500 --> 00:18:36,833 they are considered sacred and alive. 150 00:18:48,166 --> 00:18:50,291 Throughout the country, 151 00:18:50,750 --> 00:18:53,958 they plant cotton to make it their webbing. 152 00:19:01,666 --> 00:19:03,875 To hold them on the surface of the sea, 153 00:19:04,291 --> 00:19:07,958 they are genetically modified pumpkin and pumpkin 154 00:19:08,041 --> 00:19:10,666 and use it as a natural float. 155 00:19:19,875 --> 00:19:23,791 They are salty and dry fish which is not eaten immediately on a terrace built on a hillside. 156 00:19:23,875 --> 00:19:28,458 Salt is extracted locally. 157 00:19:29,208 --> 00:19:32,875 DRYING FIELDS COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL HUARCO 158 00:19:34,958 --> 00:19:38,916 This structure is similar to the agricultural terrace, 159 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:41,958 160 00:19:42,375 --> 00:19:46,291 but they were created to dry fish. 161 00:19:48,541 --> 00:19:52,375 Parts of the catch are transported to the Andes 162 00:19:52,458 --> 00:19:55,250 where it is traded for other products. 163 00:19:58,750 --> 00:20:02,583 Such is the abundance of marine harvest. 164 00:20:05,583 --> 00:20:06,833 To navigate the ocean, 165 00:20:06,916 --> 00:20:12,291 ancient fishermen built the first raft from totora reed. 166 00:20:14,125 --> 00:20:18,875 Similar rafts can be seen to this day. 167 00:21:18,875 --> 00:21:23,291 Since the first human occupied this beach, 168 00:21:23,791 --> 00:21:27,291 there are many changes. 169 00:23:16,583 --> 00:23:18,583 EXPERT BIOLOGY SPECIALIST IN TRANSPORTATION OF BIODIVERSITY 170 00:23:18,666 --> 00:23:20,041 As a land-based species 171 00:23:20,125 --> 00:23:23,125 we experience severe limitations when it comes to exploring 172 00:23:23,208 --> 00:23:24,666 sea depth. 173 00:23:31,166 --> 00:23:33,041 For us, the sea is very wide, 174 00:23:33,125 --> 00:23:35,458 and it's easy to think that it never runs out 175 00:23:35,541 --> 00:23:38,541 and nothing we do can influence it. 176 00:23:56,916 --> 00:24:01,208 I have done research in the Peruvian ocean 177 00:24:01,291 --> 00:24:03,291 for more than 20 years, 178 00:24:03,375 --> 00:24:06,041 but I am still surprised with what I found beneath the surface. 179 00:24:50,083 --> 00:24:53,791 The Peruvian Sea is one of the most plankton-rich waters on this planet, that's why they look so cloudy. 180 00:24:53,875 --> 00:24:57,583 This microscopic organism 181 00:25:03,625 --> 00:25:05,958 drifting across the ocean in the world 182 00:25:06,083 --> 00:25:08,666 and form the basis seafood chain. 183 00:25:09,541 --> 00:25:12,708 It is fed by many sea creatures, 184 00:25:15,458 --> 00:25:17,916 185 00:25:18,833 --> 00:25:21,750 which in turn is fed by others. 186 00:25:34,125 --> 00:25:36,666 A few meters below the surface, 187 00:25:37,416 --> 00:25:39,916 Red robes begin to form. 188 00:25:43,125 --> 00:25:46,541 I watch how this little crustacean advances, 189 00:25:46,625 --> 00:25:51,583 suspended in cold water in a kind of dance. 190 00:26:46,250 --> 00:26:49,833 What we see is squat lobster, 191 00:26:50,541 --> 00:26:53,916 one of the many species that eats plankton. 192 00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:55,583 Anchovy also eats it. 193 00:27:15,375 --> 00:27:17,708 It's a live color spectacle 194 00:27:18,166 --> 00:27:20,708 gives the impression of being very abundant, 195 00:27:21,500 --> 00:27:24,208 but that is an indicator that the anchovy, 196 00:27:24,291 --> 00:27:27,333 species that share the same food source, 197 00:27:27,416 --> 00:27:29,125 disappears. 198 00:27:35,666 --> 00:27:37,375 Fel! 199 00:27:38,916 --> 00:27:41,625 There are lots of fish, brother! 200 00:27:43,458 --> 00:27:46,875 Open that hole. Hole. 201 00:27:54,666 --> 00:27:59,125 -Load it. -The contents are right. 202 00:28:15,666 --> 00:28:19,625 The anchovy is always there one of the most abundant marine species. 203 00:28:20,625 --> 00:28:23,083 But fishing for industrial purposes 204 00:28:23,166 --> 00:28:25,750 has caused a drastic decline in the population, 205 00:28:26,125 --> 00:28:28,916 together with all species that depend on it. 206 00:28:34,125 --> 00:28:37,291 This situation is compounded regularly by the El Niño phenomenon, 207 00:28:37,625 --> 00:28:41,958 when anchovies escape for their survival from warm ocean currents, 208 00:28:42,041 --> 00:28:45,916 migrate south or immerse yourself in deeper waters. 209 00:28:56,083 --> 00:28:58,375 These birds appear in the sky 210 00:28:59,083 --> 00:29:01,958 whenever a large net is thrown 211 00:29:02,541 --> 00:29:08,541 with hopes of grabbing some anchovy from a fishing boat. 212 00:29:21,333 --> 00:29:26,083 Flocks of pelicans have trouble finding enough food. 213 00:29:27,666 --> 00:29:32,583 The anchovy, their main food source, is rare. 214 00:29:33,125 --> 00:29:34,208 And what's left 215 00:29:34,666 --> 00:29:37,333 have moved to deeper waters, under 150 cm 216 00:29:37,416 --> 00:29:39,583 pelicans' heads and beaks can reach. 217 00:29:41,833 --> 00:29:44,166 This once magnificent species 218 00:29:44,625 --> 00:29:48,083 has become a maritime beggar, 219 00:29:48,708 --> 00:29:51,083 swoop down to take what can 220 00:29:51,291 --> 00:29:53,625 from the catch taken from it. 221 00:30:05,833 --> 00:30:09,625 Anchovy is not only important for pelicans. 222 00:30:11,750 --> 00:30:16,250 This is one of the most priceless treasures contained in the sea of Peru. 223 00:30:17,166 --> 00:30:20,875 This is a key species cold water ecosystem, 224 00:30:21,541 --> 00:30:23,916 where the majority of species 225 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:27,083 completely depends on it. 226 00:30:27,625 --> 00:30:32,541 This includes pelagic fish, sea birds and marine mammals. 227 00:30:34,166 --> 00:30:36,250 To catch anchovy, 228 00:30:36,708 --> 00:30:41,125 Seabirds must fly far, 229 00:30:41,208 --> 00:30:43,583 sometimes takes place throughout the day. 230 00:30:47,625 --> 00:30:51,583 But not all marine fauna have this ability. 231 00:30:52,041 --> 00:30:58,083 Seals, who are slow swimmers, can find themselves traveling 232 00:30:58,166 --> 00:31:00,791 for two or three days looking for food. 233 00:31:06,125 --> 00:31:11,083 Their pregnant children play under the sun. 234 00:31:13,375 --> 00:31:18,666 The survival of a puppy will depend on the success of the mother. 235 00:31:19,583 --> 00:31:22,333 Now the anchovy is rarer 236 00:31:22,500 --> 00:31:26,291 and found in waters farther and deeper, 237 00:31:27,083 --> 00:31:32,416 searching for them takes longer. 238 00:31:36,625 --> 00:31:40,875 Her children can't always be to survive waiting. 239 00:31:47,250 --> 00:31:50,000 When a flock of fish is found, 240 00:31:50,541 --> 00:31:55,500 birds gather on it and Peruvian boobies appear, 241 00:31:56,083 --> 00:31:59,708 diving up to four meters under the waves to catch them. 242 00:32:06,208 --> 00:32:08,291 This spectacle is always presented 243 00:32:08,375 --> 00:32:11,125 to show that there are fish in the sea. 244 00:32:17,125 --> 00:32:19,250 That's why ancient society 245 00:32:19,333 --> 00:32:23,000 use it as a sacred symbol in their building. 246 00:32:35,208 --> 00:32:36,083 CHOTUNA SHRINE 247 00:32:36,166 --> 00:32:39,791 CHOTUNA ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX CULTURE OF LAMBAYEQUE (1000 - 1450 A.D.) 248 00:32:45,916 --> 00:32:48,541 Among the ancient iconography the northern coast of Peru, 249 00:32:48,625 --> 00:32:51,416 we found incredible illustrations 250 00:32:51,500 --> 00:32:54,333 relations this community has the sea. 251 00:32:56,041 --> 00:32:56,875 LAS BALSAS SHRINE 252 00:32:56,958 --> 00:32:59,833 TENGGALA ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX LAMBAYEQUE CULTURE (1000 - 1450 A.D.) 253 00:33:00,083 --> 00:33:02,208 At Las Balsas temple in Túcume, 254 00:33:02,291 --> 00:33:05,416 extraordinary depiction of marine life Found. 255 00:33:07,541 --> 00:33:11,625 The entire surface of the pyramid is covered with friezes, 256 00:33:11,708 --> 00:33:14,125 the subject is the sea. 257 00:33:15,875 --> 00:33:18,666 More than just decoration, 258 00:33:19,458 --> 00:33:24,583 These friezes function to show the importance of ritual structures like that. 259 00:33:26,250 --> 00:33:29,750 Here we see individuals riding a reed totora raft 260 00:33:29,916 --> 00:33:31,791 and use a net with a buoy. 261 00:33:39,875 --> 00:33:42,000 Other people are shown sailing ships. 262 00:33:44,083 --> 00:33:45,458 Very extraordinary, 263 00:33:45,791 --> 00:33:48,458 some designs describe men diving under the waves, 264 00:33:48,958 --> 00:33:54,625 use a pointed tool to gather molluscs Spondylus 265 00:33:55,083 --> 00:33:57,958 known in Peru as "mullu." 266 00:34:01,875 --> 00:34:05,250 This is a brightly colored tropical mollusk 267 00:34:05,833 --> 00:34:08,833 is used as a ritual object 268 00:34:09,125 --> 00:34:12,625 and seen as representing ocean fertility. 269 00:34:15,083 --> 00:34:17,166 That's their importance, 270 00:34:17,916 --> 00:34:21,250 they are depicted far outside the coast 271 00:34:21,333 --> 00:34:26,708 by people who live in the heart of the Andes. 272 00:34:31,541 --> 00:34:35,125 As proof of important ties ancient people with the sea, 273 00:34:35,208 --> 00:34:39,791 Mullu shells have been found among the graves of those who died. 274 00:34:43,333 --> 00:34:45,833 They also change into jewelry 275 00:34:45,916 --> 00:34:48,541 to put them in contact with the body. 276 00:34:49,916 --> 00:34:53,208 This will help them on the way to the hereafter, 277 00:34:53,583 --> 00:34:57,916 where they will be reborn, like stars. 278 00:35:37,125 --> 00:35:38,125 And now? 279 00:36:27,208 --> 00:36:30,375 Today, large prices are being paid 280 00:36:30,458 --> 00:36:34,166 for the loss of our reciprocity by the sea. 281 00:36:34,500 --> 00:36:40,125 CHILLÓN RIVER MOUTH 282 00:37:05,083 --> 00:37:06,916 Human population continues to grow. 283 00:37:07,500 --> 00:37:10,791 The world today is home to almost eight billion people. 284 00:37:17,458 --> 00:37:19,750 Of the Peruvian population of 32 million, 285 00:37:19,833 --> 00:37:23,083 more than half live on the coast of the country. 286 00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:40,541 The pace of life is getting faster. 287 00:37:41,500 --> 00:37:43,166 Everything is intensified. 288 00:38:23,500 --> 00:38:26,750 Exploitation of the oceans has reached the point of crisis. 289 00:38:31,291 --> 00:38:34,291 Nature does not tolerate excess. 290 00:39:20,583 --> 00:39:22,166 Future people 291 00:39:23,541 --> 00:39:26,916 will definitely be interested 292 00:39:27,500 --> 00:39:29,875 by the remnants of our civilization. 293 00:39:32,625 --> 00:39:35,125 Hundreds of thousands years from now, 294 00:39:35,208 --> 00:39:37,916 Plastic bottles may be more common than fossil remains. 295 00:39:57,083 --> 00:40:00,041 We cannot fully understand live on earth 296 00:40:00,416 --> 00:40:02,541 if we limit ourselves to learn now. 297 00:40:04,166 --> 00:40:05,958 Just by looking at the past 298 00:40:06,458 --> 00:40:09,125 can we see that life is not limited 299 00:40:09,208 --> 00:40:10,916 to the form that we see around us today. 300 00:40:14,041 --> 00:40:16,333 This story is a story of change. 301 00:40:16,916 --> 00:40:18,916 History of the planet 302 00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:22,375 has witnessed evolution fantastic species 303 00:40:23,166 --> 00:40:24,583 which no longer exists, 304 00:40:25,500 --> 00:40:28,583 but that represents 99% of all species 305 00:40:28,666 --> 00:40:32,916 which has inhabited the Earth for more than 3.5 billion years. 306 00:40:35,708 --> 00:40:37,750 By choosing only to see now, 307 00:40:38,250 --> 00:40:40,791 we limit ourselves to learning only one percent 308 00:40:40,875 --> 00:40:43,083 from this extraordinary evolutionary journey. 309 00:40:47,458 --> 00:40:51,583 What is the use of thinking about what happened 310 00:40:52,375 --> 00:40:58,208 to cetacean or sharks millions of years ago? 311 00:40:59,500 --> 00:41:00,625 Why is this important? 312 00:41:08,125 --> 00:41:12,583 Paleontology allows me to travel through time 313 00:41:13,125 --> 00:41:15,416 and explore evidence from the past 314 00:41:15,958 --> 00:41:19,291 to describe extraordinary wealth Peruvian oceans. 315 00:41:24,250 --> 00:41:29,375 For millions of years, in dealing with catastrophic events 316 00:41:29,458 --> 00:41:32,000 which has threatened to remove it all life on this planet, 317 00:41:34,125 --> 00:41:35,625 Life has rediscovered itself, 318 00:41:36,250 --> 00:41:41,625 regenerate from time to time to produce new species and greater diversity. 319 00:41:45,208 --> 00:41:48,541 In essence, life creates more life. 320 00:42:03,041 --> 00:42:07,500 Here they come, glide silently 321 00:42:07,583 --> 00:42:10,666 from where they eat in Antarctica 322 00:42:11,375 --> 00:42:15,250 to this warm waters north coast of Peru, 323 00:42:15,750 --> 00:42:17,250 with one goal: 324 00:42:17,666 --> 00:42:21,458 to do a courtship dance, 325 00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:24,833 that ancient ritual 326 00:42:25,708 --> 00:42:28,250 where they will create a new life. 327 00:43:13,916 --> 00:43:17,083 I have studied humpback whales since 2007. 328 00:43:17,750 --> 00:43:20,583 I see that the population has recovered. 329 00:43:20,666 --> 00:43:25,375 EXPORT EXPORT RESEARCH ON HUMPBACK WHALES 330 00:43:29,416 --> 00:43:33,375 They have reached the point of crisis, almost on the verge of extinction. 331 00:43:34,750 --> 00:43:41,333 And in 1986, Peru registered for a global moratorium on whaling. 332 00:43:42,708 --> 00:43:46,958 Since then, the humpback population has grown steadily. 333 00:43:53,833 --> 00:43:56,083 During the humpback whale season, 334 00:43:56,166 --> 00:43:59,041 which runs from June to November in Northern Peru, 335 00:43:59,333 --> 00:44:00,666 I went to take pictures of them. 336 00:44:02,375 --> 00:44:07,000 Specifically, I photographed the tail with signs and patterns 337 00:44:07,083 --> 00:44:09,375 which allows us to distinguish one pope from another. 338 00:44:11,125 --> 00:44:14,833 This is very important therefore let's recognize 339 00:44:14,916 --> 00:44:17,041 every pope in that group, 340 00:44:17,125 --> 00:44:21,083 learn more about their migration routes and monitor the population. 341 00:44:28,250 --> 00:44:31,250 One of the most extraordinary aspects humpback whales 342 00:44:31,333 --> 00:44:34,208 is that they are the most acrobatic among whales. 343 00:44:35,916 --> 00:44:38,583 Although it weighs 30 tons, 344 00:44:39,208 --> 00:44:42,000 they can lift their entire body out of the water. 345 00:44:43,208 --> 00:44:46,250 Seeing this very large mammal out of the water 346 00:44:46,541 --> 00:44:47,916 quite spectacular. 347 00:45:02,166 --> 00:45:05,208 I don't remember how many times they have traveled 348 00:45:05,291 --> 00:45:07,833 this same migration route. 349 00:45:11,166 --> 00:45:13,208 Every trip is different, 350 00:45:13,791 --> 00:45:16,916 every trip has become part of their evolution 351 00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:20,291 because they adapt to sea conditions 352 00:45:20,666 --> 00:45:23,583 and learn to live harmoniously. 353 00:45:29,541 --> 00:45:32,166 That's how they come here now. 354 00:45:32,833 --> 00:45:37,833 And the population is increasing, spread the joy they have regained. 355 00:46:09,583 --> 00:46:13,750 I believe it's one of the biggest threats to marine species in general 356 00:46:13,833 --> 00:46:16,708 is disinformed or not interested. 357 00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:20,958 We can't save what we don't know. 358 00:46:25,125 --> 00:46:30,375 Our life project involves work in tourism and research, 359 00:46:30,458 --> 00:46:34,333 use tourism as an tool to increase awareness 360 00:46:34,416 --> 00:46:38,958 and educate people to learn through their own experiences. 361 00:46:59,583 --> 00:47:02,208 When we see whales and dolphins, 362 00:47:02,291 --> 00:47:05,083 I can see the excitement and excitement of the passengers. 363 00:47:11,666 --> 00:47:14,166 And I really believe that whale itself 364 00:47:14,250 --> 00:47:16,583 fill us with very positive energy. 365 00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:07,791 When I hear whales singing, 366 00:48:07,875 --> 00:48:10,291 I understand that they are the rulers of the ocean. 367 00:48:15,291 --> 00:48:18,375 Reproduction men are people who sing. 368 00:48:18,458 --> 00:48:21,791 We still don't fully understand how they produce these sounds 369 00:48:21,875 --> 00:48:23,875 because they don't have vocal cords. 370 00:48:24,708 --> 00:48:29,125 But they emit repetition phrases which we interpret as songs. 371 00:48:32,541 --> 00:48:36,583 These songs are very strong and can be heard many kilometers away. 372 00:48:39,375 --> 00:48:42,875 It's amazing to hear those songs humpback whales 373 00:48:42,958 --> 00:48:46,000 when diving or swimming in the ocean. 374 00:49:00,375 --> 00:49:03,416 ANGEL FISH 375 00:49:05,750 --> 00:49:08,750 SEAHORSE 376 00:49:16,166 --> 00:49:19,208 TUMBES STINGRAY 377 00:49:19,291 --> 00:49:22,291 GREEN SEA TURTLE 378 00:49:23,416 --> 00:49:26,416 PACIFIC BUMPERS 379 00:49:53,625 --> 00:49:58,333 Human intrusion in the oceans of the world is increasingly evident. 380 00:49:58,708 --> 00:50:03,041 However, life is looking for new ways to develop. 381 00:50:08,583 --> 00:50:13,916 structures such as oil platforms, sinking ships and docks 382 00:50:14,083 --> 00:50:16,833 to be artificial coral, 383 00:50:16,916 --> 00:50:20,500 where living prosperous to an extraordinary level. 384 00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:52,791 This shows artificial coral how life develops 385 00:50:52,875 --> 00:50:54,333 when given a chance. 386 00:51:10,375 --> 00:51:11,750 As a marine biologist, 387 00:51:12,125 --> 00:51:16,958 I witness the ways in which life adapts to new environments everywhere. 388 00:51:18,541 --> 00:51:22,166 Humans can coexist with all natural beings. 389 00:51:22,583 --> 00:51:24,916 We can share the same space. 390 00:51:32,875 --> 00:51:36,000 CORMORANT NEOTROPIC 391 00:51:40,041 --> 00:51:43,458 TEAL CINNAMON 392 00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:08,708 Even in the heart of the city, 393 00:52:09,333 --> 00:52:14,125 living prosperous where given the opportunity. 394 00:52:15,833 --> 00:52:17,041 SWAMPS VILLA 395 00:52:17,125 --> 00:52:21,500 This is protection of wildlife in the middle of a crowded city. 396 00:52:21,583 --> 00:52:25,250 EGRET SNOWY 397 00:52:25,333 --> 00:52:28,541 About 250 bird species live here, 398 00:52:29,000 --> 00:52:32,208 and several other migrant species visit a shelter. 399 00:52:32,291 --> 00:52:36,250 EGRET BIRU KECIL 400 00:52:36,333 --> 00:52:37,333 MORE SMALL 401 00:52:37,416 --> 00:52:39,291 Wetlands by the sea 402 00:52:39,375 --> 00:52:42,791 formed throughout the length from the coast of Peru. 403 00:52:42,875 --> 00:52:47,125 MOORHEN GENERAL 404 00:52:47,208 --> 00:52:51,333 WILSON'S PHALAROPE 405 00:52:58,416 --> 00:53:01,625 PURSUING OWL 406 00:53:04,166 --> 00:53:07,958 BLACK SKIMMER 407 00:53:08,041 --> 00:53:11,416 GULL FRANKLIN 408 00:53:14,250 --> 00:53:15,833 This swamp in Villa 409 00:53:16,208 --> 00:53:19,708 is a protected natural area in the city of Lima. 410 00:53:21,500 --> 00:53:26,833 About 17% of Peruvian national territory is protected, 411 00:53:27,291 --> 00:53:31,583 that is about 21 million protected land. 412 00:53:32,166 --> 00:53:33,208 However, 413 00:53:33,625 --> 00:53:37,000 the majority of this area is located on dry land. 414 00:53:38,583 --> 00:53:41,083 Apart from Peruvian marine wealth, 415 00:53:41,416 --> 00:53:44,958 the nation does not have one protected area 416 00:53:45,083 --> 00:53:47,125 which is entirely aquatic. 417 00:54:00,458 --> 00:54:05,708 The coastline is sculpted and modified by the sea. 418 00:54:07,458 --> 00:54:12,625 Landscape is only an extension of ocean topography. 419 00:54:16,791 --> 00:54:18,875 Diversity found on the coastline 420 00:54:18,958 --> 00:54:23,625 reflects the diversity of life forms found in the sea. 421 00:54:39,166 --> 00:54:42,541 Arequipa rough volcanic beach 422 00:54:42,916 --> 00:54:45,916 has a bay and a deep bay 423 00:54:47,291 --> 00:54:50,791 not seen at another point on the Peruvian coast. 424 00:54:52,208 --> 00:54:53,625 These places, 425 00:54:53,958 --> 00:54:58,541 where almost no waves and wind does not affect water, 426 00:54:59,000 --> 00:55:03,458 inhabited by fauna who need such conditions. 427 00:55:26,833 --> 00:55:30,666 Almost on all my subaquatic expeditions 428 00:55:30,750 --> 00:55:32,958 I found a new organism, 429 00:55:33,041 --> 00:55:36,250 new species, animals that I have never seen before. 430 00:55:36,333 --> 00:55:38,833 CRAB PADDLE 431 00:55:48,625 --> 00:55:52,375 PERUVIAN OLIVE 432 00:55:58,125 --> 00:56:01,666 For example, this species coral is new to science. 433 00:56:02,250 --> 00:56:05,125 That is just one of many species I have found in Peru. 434 00:56:05,291 --> 00:56:07,583 Taxonomists are responsible for describing it 435 00:56:07,666 --> 00:56:09,250 named it Hooker coral 436 00:56:09,708 --> 00:56:11,750 to respect the work we do. 437 00:56:16,333 --> 00:56:20,000 RABBITNOSE SHRIMP 438 00:56:37,458 --> 00:56:41,083 STAR CHILEAN RODS 439 00:56:56,166 --> 00:56:58,000 It looks like a plant, 440 00:56:58,083 --> 00:57:02,125 but, actually, it is an animal and also an effective predator. 441 00:57:04,208 --> 00:57:05,916 ORANGE SEA ANEMONE 442 00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:10,250 This orange sea anemone is the most common in cold waters and one of the largest species of the anemone in the Pacific of Peru. 443 00:57:10,333 --> 00:57:13,458 Using tentacles to catch fish, mollusks and crustaceans 444 00:57:14,458 --> 00:57:18,125 taken towards him by the current. 445 00:57:18,208 --> 00:57:20,291 HERMIT HERBAL 446 00:57:22,708 --> 00:57:25,750 GHOST SHRIMP 447 00:57:28,208 --> 00:57:31,666 The sea can be a hostile environment, 448 00:57:37,458 --> 00:57:40,583 449 00:57:40,666 --> 00:57:42,833 with each species struggling to survive. 450 00:58:03,291 --> 00:58:08,541 There are times when scientific research becomes a great adventure. 451 00:58:10,208 --> 00:58:12,083 We can go down to a very large depth 452 00:58:12,166 --> 00:58:16,083 looking for new species or unknown organisms. 453 00:58:46,375 --> 00:58:49,666 STRIPED ANEMONE 454 00:59:06,083 --> 00:59:09,500 CRABPED PORCELAINS SET We found this large sponge in Southern Peru... 455 00:59:22,833 --> 00:59:25,250 SPONGE YELLOW 456 00:59:25,333 --> 00:59:26,875 ... while in the northern tropics we find other species of the same genus. 457 00:59:26,958 --> 00:59:30,666 Still not having a scientific name, 458 00:59:31,541 --> 00:59:33,208 Apart from the fact he has a diameter of more than half a meter. 459 00:59:33,291 --> 00:59:36,750 The Peruvian Sea is home to two large ecosystems 460 00:59:41,583 --> 00:59:44,416 461 00:59:44,500 --> 00:59:47,333 with completely different fauna and flora. 462 00:59:48,375 --> 00:59:52,208 One is associated with cold water from the Peruvian Current, 463 00:59:52,291 --> 00:59:54,791 which dominates most of the beach. 464 00:59:55,125 --> 00:59:59,500 The other is only found in the northern tip of Peru, 465 01:00:00,291 --> 01:00:02,916 where warm equatorial currents dominate. 466 01:00:07,458 --> 01:00:12,625 Colorful species like this typical of warm waters, 467 01:00:12,708 --> 01:00:17,416 where abundance is far greater life forms can develop. 468 01:00:19,708 --> 01:00:23,333 This warm water counts only five percent 469 01:00:23,416 --> 01:00:25,583 Peruvian coastal waters. 470 01:00:25,666 --> 01:00:28,958 However, they are at home up to more than 70% 471 01:00:29,041 --> 01:00:31,708 of all marine species recorded in Peru. 472 01:00:39,541 --> 01:00:41,000 During one dive, 473 01:00:41,083 --> 01:00:44,750 we are excited to find giant tube anemones. 474 01:00:44,833 --> 01:00:48,333 After comparing it with other species from various parts of the world, 475 01:00:48,416 --> 01:00:52,000 We found it was new to science. 476 01:00:52,083 --> 01:00:55,500 TUBUNG ANEMONE 477 01:01:17,250 --> 01:01:21,291 SLATE PENCIL URCHIN 478 01:01:29,625 --> 01:01:31,416 DANCING SEA SLUG 479 01:01:31,500 --> 01:01:34,000 There are still many that can be found in the sea of Peru. 480 01:01:34,083 --> 01:01:35,333 SEA SLUG 481 01:01:35,416 --> 01:01:39,541 In the case of sea slugs alone, we have recorded more than 120 species, 482 01:01:39,958 --> 01:01:45,625 where about 50 are potentially new to science. 483 01:01:45,708 --> 01:01:48,333 SEA HARE 484 01:01:48,416 --> 01:01:51,666 BAUMANN'S SEA SLUG 485 01:01:51,791 --> 01:01:55,416 TIMUN SEA 486 01:01:55,500 --> 01:01:59,000 FIRE SEA CUCUMBER 487 01:01:59,083 --> 01:02:01,875 ANEMON GIOP TROPIS 488 01:02:01,958 --> 01:02:05,250 BASKET STAR 489 01:02:05,333 --> 01:02:09,291 SHRIMP MANTIS 490 01:02:19,250 --> 01:02:21,083 We only touch the surface. 491 01:02:21,166 --> 01:02:22,458 BLUE DAMSELFISH 492 01:02:22,541 --> 01:02:25,166 Around the world, it is estimated 493 01:02:25,250 --> 01:02:29,875 only five percent of all oceans live species have been identified. 494 01:02:30,541 --> 01:02:34,666 We know more about the moon and Mars than we do about the sea. 495 01:02:34,750 --> 01:02:36,083 BAMBANG FISH 496 01:02:36,166 --> 01:02:39,291 MUTTON HAMLET 497 01:02:44,500 --> 01:02:46,708 THREADFIN SEABASS 498 01:02:46,791 --> 01:02:49,791 HOURGLASS MORAY 499 01:02:54,916 --> 01:02:59,500 As a scientist, my job is to contribute to research identification of what's there, 500 01:02:59,708 --> 01:03:02,625 then protect before disappearing. 501 01:03:02,791 --> 01:03:05,958 The first person to walk on this beach 502 01:03:45,125 --> 01:03:48,791 being a natural guardian, 503 01:03:49,541 --> 01:03:52,333 with birds, fish, flora, 504 01:03:52,791 --> 01:03:57,541 505 01:03:58,291 --> 01:03:59,291 and the ocean. 506 01:04:03,666 --> 01:04:06,208 We must understand and this inheritance value 507 01:04:06,291 --> 01:04:11,500 if we want to live again the relationship of our ancestors with the sea. 508 01:04:24,208 --> 01:04:28,666 When life is given a chance, it grows. 509 01:04:32,125 --> 01:04:33,958 This little reserve 510 01:04:34,166 --> 01:04:37,125 filled with life because of a group of people 511 01:04:37,208 --> 01:04:39,250 come together to protect it. 512 01:04:39,625 --> 01:04:46,166 This simple action has allowed the life of to develop in all its rich variety. 513 01:04:48,375 --> 01:04:53,291 When we do the same thing with the sea, protects the magic, 514 01:04:54,458 --> 01:04:57,916 life will multiply with greater strength 515 01:04:58,333 --> 01:05:03,541 and marine biodiversity will develop in all oceans in the world. 516 01:05:04,541 --> 01:05:07,666 Over here, we can create an area of hope. 517 01:05:15,833 --> 01:05:17,708 During this trip through time, 518 01:05:18,125 --> 01:05:23,625 I have learned that it might be to bring about change. 519 01:05:25,958 --> 01:05:28,916 And the time has come for us to act. 520 01:07:59,375 --> 01:08:03,875 We must stop ignorance and ignore our oceans. 521 01:08:09,416 --> 01:08:11,958 It's time for us to reconnect with the sea 522 01:08:12,041 --> 01:08:17,333 and appreciate and love all that gives us. 523 01:08:38,041 --> 01:08:42,333 The earth will continue to spin and history will continue 524 01:08:42,416 --> 01:08:44,916 for millions of years to come. 525 01:08:46,833 --> 01:08:51,875 We are worried about extinction because it means our extinction. 526 01:08:53,333 --> 01:08:57,250 Fifty million years from now, we will not be here to see 527 01:08:57,333 --> 01:08:59,750 extraordinary creatures that will be there later. 528 01:09:02,333 --> 01:09:05,333 But the Earth will continue to spin, 529 01:09:05,416 --> 01:09:07,083 and life will continue to develop. 530 01:09:16,791 --> 01:09:20,708 Nature is part of our own body, our own skin. 531 01:09:21,500 --> 01:09:24,833 It is worthy to be treated. That means caring for our own species. 532 01:09:27,000 --> 01:09:30,833 Our relationship with the sea is very important in any sense. 533 01:09:31,291 --> 01:09:33,041 The sea will always be there, 534 01:09:33,125 --> 01:09:37,208 and the bond that we have with from the beginning will be there too. 535 01:09:52,250 --> 01:09:55,500 In our minds, the surface of the ocean, 536 01:09:55,583 --> 01:10:01,166 the thin band splits the earth is grounded and aquatic, 537 01:10:01,500 --> 01:10:04,208 is a barrier that is difficult to cross. 538 01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:08,166 But we are not broken from marine life. 539 01:10:08,875 --> 01:10:10,625 All life is one. 540 01:10:38,708 --> 01:10:44,166 I will stay with you and I will continue my song. 541 01:10:45,750 --> 01:10:51,083 The song is silent which comes from darkness 542 01:10:52,416 --> 01:10:54,166 and spread to light. 543 01:10:57,041 --> 01:11:01,583 Songs that generate dreams all living things, 544 01:11:02,500 --> 01:11:08,541 from the extent of time free from all restrictions and fears. 545 01:11:09,833 --> 01:11:12,583 It starts with our mother, the ocean, 546 01:11:13,208 --> 01:11:17,500 who is spirit, memory, 547 01:11:18,750 --> 01:11:22,500 and, above all, possibility. 548 01:11:25,250 --> 01:11:28,750 Creation of marine reserves in the Peruvian sea is a vital need 549 01:11:28,833 --> 01:11:31,875 so they can be protected in the same way as the Peruvian coast, 550 01:11:31,958 --> 01:11:33,750 highlands and protected forests. 551 01:11:33,833 --> 01:11:37,125 Marine preservation is the preservation of life in Eart