1 00:00:20,312 --> 00:00:28,312 We love the Beatles. 2 00:00:50,259 --> 00:00:54,305 When the Beatles appeared on the international stage in 1963, 3 00:00:54,388 --> 00:00:56,891 they changed popular music overnight. 4 00:00:57,391 --> 00:00:59,769 They were an unparalleled commercial phenomenon 5 00:00:59,851 --> 00:01:03,106 and paved the way for all the artists who followed them. 6 00:01:04,147 --> 00:01:07,652 They sold huge amounts of albums, 7 00:01:07,985 --> 00:01:10,154 a quarter of million per week. 8 00:01:10,237 --> 00:01:14,576 No one had accomplished that before. Not even Elvis or Lonnie Donegan. 9 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:18,079 They sold every week a quarter of a million albums. 10 00:01:19,413 --> 00:01:22,333 There was a revolution, just in terms of sales. 11 00:01:22,416 --> 00:01:25,837 But on top of that , we would not have had the Rolling Stones. 12 00:01:26,086 --> 00:01:29,716 There would have been no The Byrds, or Dylan would have gone to the electric. 13 00:01:29,798 --> 00:01:32,844 There would have been neither The Doors nor all those bands 14 00:01:32,926 --> 00:01:35,221 that we associate also with the 60. 15 00:01:35,804 --> 00:01:39,892 Without the Beatles, it was very unlikely that they all existed. 16 00:01:40,475 --> 00:01:43,646 However, the band had an impact far beyond music. 17 00:01:43,854 --> 00:01:46,107 As faces of a thriving young culture, i> 18 00:01:46,189 --> 00:01:49,819 its influence reached the heart of the postwar world. 19 00:01:50,444 --> 00:01:53,781 They were agents of change. They took everyone with them. 20 00:01:54,031 --> 00:01:56,451 Everything felt modern, new, original. 21 00:01:56,533 --> 00:01:59,621 You'll see where you would look, > the world was beginning to look different. 22 00:02:00,203 --> 00:02:02,081 Colors began to emerge, 23 00:02:02,164 --> 00:02:05,418 the green shoots of a new culture. 24 00:02:05,500 --> 00:02:07,962 Since The Beatles arrived, 25 00:02:08,045 --> 00:02:10,423 completely reinvented how the culture works. 26 00:02:10,714 --> 00:02:13,926 Suddenly, the adults left their hair long . 27 00:02:14,009 --> 00:02:17,138 Adult women wore miniskirts. 28 00:02:17,220 --> 00:02:20,642 Suddenly, it was the young who decided everything. < / i> 29 00:02:21,016 --> 00:02:22,977 That started with the Beatles. 30 00:02:23,644 --> 00:02:25,355 For the second half of the 60, 31 00:02:25,437 --> 00:02:28,858 the band became the leader of the emerging counterculture. 32 00:02:29,441 --> 00:02:32,236 By bringing new ideas social, sexual and artistic 33 00:02:32,319 --> 00:02:35,281 to the dominant culture through its peaceful revolution, 34 00:02:35,364 --> 00:02:38,284 became the undisputed voice of a generation. 35 00:02:39,993 --> 00:02:42,246 They were the most commercial band in the world. 36 00:02:42,704 --> 00:02:45,416 But they were also the most avant-garde and experimental. 37 00:02:45,499 --> 00:02:48,670 That was their role. With their music, they opened people's heads. 38 00:02:49,294 --> 00:02:53,341 They helped mobilize many people that they would not otherwise have accepted... 39 00:02:53,465 --> 00:02:54,801 END THE WAR IN VIETNAM NOW 40 00:02:54,883 --> 00:02:55,985 BRING THE SOLDIERS HOME 41 00:02:56,009 --> 00:02:57,136 what happened those years. 42 00:02:57,219 --> 00:02:58,446 ARREST THE HOUSING SECRETARY 43 00:02:58,470 --> 00:03:00,598 They were inspiring and influential in that sense. 44 00:03:01,139 --> 00:03:04,644 But as they became more involved in the counterculture < / i> 45 00:03:04,726 --> 00:03:07,980 and they represented it more, they became a political threat. 46 00:03:08,063 --> 00:03:09,148 GO HOME, BEATLES 47 00:03:09,731 --> 00:03:11,818 This movie follows the path of the Beatles 48 00:03:11,900 --> 00:03:14,696 during the most extraordinary decade < br /> 20th century. 49 00:03:15,445 --> 00:03:18,741 Reveals the lasting impact of four Liverpool musicians 50 00:03:19,032 --> 00:03:21,994 that passed from being class warriors to cultural revolutionaries 51 00:03:22,327 --> 00:03:25,123 and, at the same time, musicalized a generation. 52 00:03:25,747 --> 00:03:27,750 They were catalysts for many things. 53 00:03:28,291 --> 00:03:30,795 They changed practically everything. 54 00:03:43,932 --> 00:03:46,310 Great Britain, 1962. 55 00:03:46,768 --> 00:03:48,730 A small and once dominant kingdom 56 00:03:48,812 --> 00:03:51,190 that was finally recovering years of austerity 57 00:03:51,273 --> 00:03:52,942 after the Second World War. 58 00:03:54,317 --> 00:03:56,571 A nation of discipline and order, 59 00:03:56,653 --> 00:03:59,407 of industrial cities and tranquil green towns. 60 00:03:59,948 --> 00:04:02,827 And although it seemed stuck in the past 61 00:04:02,909 --> 00:04:05,621 under the surface a new culture developed 62 00:04:05,704 --> 00:04:07,749 that would transform it quickly. 63 00:04:15,547 --> 00:04:17,633 At the end of the year, the UK suffered 64 00:04:17,716 --> 00:04:20,261 one of the coldest climates of its history, 65 00:04:20,343 --> 00:04:24,432 with which the routine was interrupted, with the country covered in snow. > 66 00:04:24,514 --> 00:04:29,228 On January 11, 1963, breaking through this cold winter, 67 00:04:29,311 --> 00:04:32,148 launched a disc
who took a first look 68 00:04:32,230 --> 00:04:34,358 to the new world that was coming. 69 00:04:34,941 --> 00:04:37,195 "Please please me", the second single 70 00:04:37,277 --> 00:04:39,614 from the Beatles band, from Liverpool, 71 00:04:39,696 --> 00:04:42,408 quickly reached number two position on the British charts 72 00:04:42,491 --> 00:04:44,911 and its overall success announced the arrival 73 00:04:44,993 --> 00:04:48,706 of a revolutionary force in both music and culture. 74 00:05:15,106 --> 00:05:17,735 "Please please me" was like a rash. > 75 00:05:17,818 --> 00:05:21,906 They took the direct strength of the rock and roll of the 50s, 76 00:05:21,988 --> 00:05:24,742 which was a blunt instrument, only in that way could it be described. < / i> 77 00:05:24,825 --> 00:05:27,453 Musically and socially, it was a blunt instrument. 78 00:05:27,536 --> 00:05:30,122 And they combined that with the harmonies 79 00:05:30,205 --> 00:05:35,044 and the querulous vocal quality of the female groups 80 00:05:35,126 --> 00:05:37,088 of the early 60s. 81 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:40,216 Nobody had heard something like that before. 82 00:05:40,590 --> 00:05:44,428 It was a group that had two of the best singers 83 00:05:44,511 --> 00:05:46,973 from his time in the same band, 84 00:05:47,055 --> 00:05:50,685 and I think it had never happened like this before. 85 00:05:50,767 --> 00:05:53,104 The voices of Lennon and McCartney together... 86 00:05:53,186 --> 00:05:54,313 AUTHOR 87 00:05:54,437 --> 00:05:57,191 are the best of music of the 20th century. 88 00:06:10,287 --> 00:06:11,873 They were a whole Concussion. 89 00:06:11,955 --> 00:06:15,376 "Love me do" was the first single and it was like a false start. 90 00:06:15,667 --> 00:06:18,129 En " Please please me " the band sounds in unison. 91 00:06:18,211 --> 00:06:19,505 AUTHOR MUSICAL AND JOURNALIST 92 00:06:19,588 --> 00:06:21,132 Sing:" Come on, come on ". 93 00:06:21,214 --> 00:06:24,594 There is a sense of anticipation and excitement. 94 00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:28,764 It was an original sound. Now it sounds very traditional. 95 00:06:28,930 --> 00:06:32,643 But back then, the appearance and the sound were totally original. 96 00:06:32,726 --> 00:06:35,605 They were positive, inspiring and modern. 97 00:06:38,064 --> 00:06:40,610 The Beatles... John Lennon, Paul McCartney, 98 00:06:40,692 --> 00:06:42,820 George Harrison and Ringo Starr, 99 00:06:42,903 --> 00:06:46,365 they gave a much-needed stimulus to the British pop scene. 100 00:06:47,198 --> 00:06:51,537 Although the US rock it had been extremely popular in the mid-1950s, 101 00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:55,082 its initial explosion, so electrifying, it proved to last very little. 102 00:06:55,707 --> 00:06:59,045 The main stars were sold or disappeared from the scene, 103 00:06:59,711 --> 00:07:04,008 and the musicians who followed them were much healthier and less threatening. 104 00:07:05,091 --> 00:07:07,053 British artists imitated them, 105 00:07:07,302 --> 00:07:11,265 and the UK music scene was dominated by talented impersonators 106 00:07:11,348 --> 00:07:14,644 and the teen idols of the puppeteer of pop Larry Parnes. 107 00:07:15,268 --> 00:07:19,231 With the support of his agent, Brian Epstein, and his producer, George Martin, 108 00:07:19,773 --> 00:07:22,318 < i> The Beatles offered something very different. 109 00:07:22,776 --> 00:07:26,656 Driven by Lennon and McCartney's unique composition composition, 110 00:07:26,821 --> 00:07:29,867 this band composed their own material. 111 00:07:30,075 --> 00:07:32,286 Great part of the English show business, 112 00:07:32,369 --> 00:07:36,332 As we see it, it was actually a pale reflection of the US. 113 00:07:36,414 --> 00:07:39,919 It had not always been like that, but, since the war, it certainly was . 114 00:07:40,001 --> 00:07:42,046 There were singers like Matt Monro, 115 00:07:42,128 --> 00:07:45,508 who did an almost perfect imitation of Frank Sinatra. 116 00:07:45,590 --> 00:07:49,136 , there were the famous English stars, superficial 117 00:07:49,219 --> 00:07:50,846 and fatuous of the moment, 118 00:07:50,929 --> 00:07:55,434 of which Cliff Richard was, by far, the more known and successful. 119 00:07:55,517 --> 00:07:58,896 It was a kind of version of Elvis third category. 120 00:07:58,979 --> 00:08:04,151 And no from Elvis from "Heartbreak Hotel", but from Elvis from King Creole, 121 00:08:04,234 --> 00:08:06,237 from Elvis movie star. 122 00:08:27,549 --> 00:08:28,759 It was quite professional. 123 00:08:28,842 --> 00:08:31,512 Cliff Richards and The Shadows played well. 124 00:08:31,594 --> 00:08:32,805 It was a good group. 125 00:08:33,221 --> 00:08:34,932 But it was for the whole family. 126 00:08:35,390 --> 00:08:38,269 p> 127 00:08:38,351 --> 00:08:42,690 And there were also characters like Larry Parnes, 128 00:08:43,106 --> 00:08:45,317 with his gang of pretty boys doing what they were I used to say, 129 00:08:45,567 --> 00:08:48,821 that they were singing what they were being told to sing 130 00:08:49,112 --> 00:08:51,449 and that they were not creative contribution whatsoever < / i> 131 00:08:51,531 --> 00:08:52,575 Then, when someone like the Beatles arrives... 132 00:08:52,741 --> 00:08:54,952 MUSICIAN AND AUTHOR 133 00:08:55,035 --> 00:08:58,664 who play their own instruments, /> they sing beautifully 134 00:08:59,039 --> 00:09:03,252 and, in addition, they sing their own songs, it is something very uncommon for the time. 135 00:09:03,334 --> 00:09:07,131 They wrote the songs for the audience, to address the audience. 136 00:09:07,213 --> 00:09:10,217 They knew that 80% of the audience was made up of teenage girls 137 00:09:10,300 --> 00:09:13,345 and they wrote songs that provoked the perfect reaction. 138 00:09:13,428 --> 00:09:16,307 And after that, the alluvium came. 139 00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:21,020 Let everyone know that you can write your own song, 140 00:09:21,269 --> 00:09:22,646 be part of the action. i> 141 00:09:22,729 --> 00:09:25,232 One or two years later, all bands composed 142 00:09:25,315 --> 00:09:26,442 or tried to do it. 143 00:09:27,692 --> 00:09:30,237 It was not just the extraordinary sound of the Beatles 144 00:09:30,361 --> 00:09:32,698 and the unique talents of Lennon and McCartney 145 00:09:32,781 --> 00:09:34,909 that revolutionized popular music. 146 00:09:35,492 --> 00:09:38,579 As they came to dominate the charts in 1963, 147 00:09:38,661 --> 00:09:42,124 their string of successes transformed the commercial destiny i> 148 00:09:42,207 --> 00:09:44,293 of the British record industry. 149 00:09:44,793 --> 00:09:47,129 As the Beatles became more popular 150 00:09:47,212 --> 00:09:50,382 and each album seemed to sell more and more, 151 00:09:51,257 --> 00:09:54,970 there was a revolution in the British recording industry, < / i> 152 00:09:55,053 --> 00:09:57,014 only in terms of sales. 153 00:09:57,097 --> 00:10:00,935 We have never seen anything like this, as much in terms of sales 154 00:10:01,017 --> 00:10:04,605 as in the time that the Beatles remained on the lists, 155 00:10:04,687 --> 00:10:06,774 for months, months and months. 156 00:10:07,107 --> 00:10:08,234 On top of that, 157 00:10:08,316 --> 00:10:13,739 was the constant impact of one success after another, 158 00:10:13,822 --> 00:10:15,950 that never let quality go down. 159 00:10:16,032 --> 00:10:18,577 In any case, the quality increased, 160 00:10:18,868 --> 00:10:21,997 from "Please please me" to "From me to you" , 161 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:25,918 she was a little calmer, but no less astute. 162 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:29,004 And then she came to surprise us "She loves you", 163 00:10:29,087 --> 00:10:32,550 that explodes on the radio to this day. 164 00:10:51,860 --> 00:10:54,697 People like Cliff, Billy Fury and Elvis... 165 00:10:54,821 --> 00:10:56,157 PARTNER OF THE BEATLES 166 00:10:56,281 --> 00:11:00,536 sold fairly large quantities of discs, 167 00:11:00,618 --> 00:11:03,706 but, by the beginning of 1963, 168 00:11:03,788 --> 00:11:06,876 with "Please please me", "From me to you" 169 00:11:06,958 --> 00:11:08,627 and the album Please Please Me, 170 00:11:08,710 --> 00:11:12,214 They sold astronomical amounts of discs. 171 00:11:12,547 --> 00:11:15,301 Nobody had seen anything like this in the pop industry. 172 00:11:15,383 --> 00:11:17,845 < i> Suddenly, it was a fashion industry 173 00:11:17,927 --> 00:11:20,472 that not only did young people notice, 174 00:11:20,555 --> 00:11:22,224 but also accountants . 175 00:11:22,307 --> 00:11:26,395 So everyone was looking to The Moody Blues for Birmingham, 176 00:11:26,477 --> 00:11:29,148 to The Hollies for Manchester. And in Liverpool, of course, 177 00:11:29,230 --> 00:11:31,609 the headhunters were looking for the next Beatles. 178 00:11:31,691 --> 00:11:33,611 < i> Everyone wanted to be part of the action 179 00:11:33,693 --> 00:11:36,530 because they had revolutionized the music industry 180 00:11:36,613 --> 00:11:39,116 in just a few months in 1963. 181 00:11:40,366 --> 00:11:44,330 But the impact of the band was not limited to the musical world only. 182 00:11:44,871 --> 00:11:48,334 They also represented a seismic change, which also inspired, 183 00:11:48,416 --> 00:11:51,003 in the very core of British society. 184 00:11:51,669 --> 00:11:54,590 How these four young people /> working class of Liverpool 185 00:11:54,672 --> 00:11:56,926 managed to head such a change? 186 00:11:57,008 --> 00:12:00,387 The answer is in the past
of the Beatles and the country. 187 00:12:04,098 --> 00:12:07,019 In the two previous centuries to the Second World War, 188 00:12:07,101 --> 00:12:09,313 the United Kingdom had led the Industrial Revolution 189 00:12:09,520 --> 00:12:12,441 and ruled the greatest empire on earth. 190 00:12:12,815 --> 00:12:15,152 One of the pillars of this superpower 191 00:12:15,235 --> 00:12:16,737 was their class system, 192 00:12:17,028 --> 00:12:19,907 which divided and, at the same time, ordered citizens. 193 00:12:20,365 --> 00:12:23,994 After being victorious from the war in 1945, 194 00:12:24,077 --> 00:12:25,621 the elite class of the system, 195 00:12:25,703 --> 00:12:27,581 known as the ruling class, 196 00:12:27,664 --> 00:12:30,125 which included the monarchy, the aristocracy 197 00:12:30,208 --> 00:12:32,169 and the heads of the main institutions 198 00:12:32,252 --> 00:12:33,462 that governed the society, 199 00:12:33,628 --> 00:12:35,881 immediately tried to reinforce /> your power. 200 00:12:36,297 --> 00:12:38,592 Once again, this chain of command 201 00:12:38,675 --> 00:12:41,595 would shape life in Britain
during the postwar period. 202 00:12:42,136 --> 00:12:45,266 Great Britain was a very class society. 203 00:12:45,348 --> 00:12:47,977 We were a nation of subjects, not citizens. 204 00:12:48,101 --> 00:12:50,354 And as long as there was a real family... 205 00:12:50,436 --> 00:12:52,273 WRITER AND FRIEND OF THE BEATLES 206 00:12:52,355 --> 00:12:56,652 and a group of ladies and gentlemen, the whole hierarchy of privilege, 207 00:12:56,734 --> 00:12:59,196 obviously someone
I was going to be down. 208 00:12:59,279 --> 00:13:02,992 After the war, the ruling class tried to reassert itself, obviously. 209 00:13:03,074 --> 00:13:06,287 So, for example, there were still the old Christian values. 210 00:13:06,661 --> 00:13:08,497 On Sundays nothing happened. 211 00:13:09,163 --> 00:13:13,085 Even the swings for children in the parks were chained. 212 00:13:13,167 --> 00:13:17,673 The 60's was the first time that someone questioned something of that 213 00:13:17,755 --> 00:13:21,468 and began to challenge all those traditional assumptions. 214 00:13:21,843 --> 00:13:25,431 In truth, the same group of middle class people 215 00:13:25,513 --> 00:13:28,600 who thought he had the right to tell others how to live 216 00:13:28,683 --> 00:13:29,852 was still in power. 217 00:13:31,352 --> 00:13:33,522

But the power of Britain was in decline 218 00:13:33,604 --> 00:13:35,816 and its empire slowly crumbled. 219 00:13:36,566 --> 00:13:39,236 < i> I was almost bankrupt due to the war effort, 220 00:13:39,319 --> 00:13:43,240 and the difficult years that followed saw the whole country suffer. 221 00:13:43,823 --> 00:13:46,869 The north of England in particular struggled to survive, 222 00:13:46,993 --> 00:13:49,496 and the formerly dominant port city of Liverpool , 223 00:13:49,579 --> 00:13:51,498 attacked severely by the Germans, 224 00:13:51,873 --> 00:13:55,544 was afflicted by the damages suffered and an industry in extinction. 225 00:13:56,294 --> 00:13:57,796 During the 19th century, 226 00:13:57,879 --> 00:14:01,967 the north developed this sense of self-pride 227 00:14:02,050 --> 00:14:05,054 Liverpool Port was the largest in the world 228 00:14:05,136 --> 00:14:08,182 i> 229 00:14:08,264 --> 00:14:11,352 because England was the largest trading nation in the world, 230 00:14:11,434 --> 00:14:13,937 and most things came and went around. 231 00:14:14,020 --> 00:14:18,233 But in the course of the 20th century, 232 00:14:18,316 --> 00:14:20,861 England experienced a phenomenon that is now well known 233 00:14:20,943 --> 00:14:25,282 for Americans of the late 20th century: 234 00:14:25,698 --> 00:14:31,163 By the 1940s, it was clear that Liverpool was in decline. 235 00:14:31,245 --> 00:14:34,291 Thus, the Beatles generation it grew in this place 236 00:14:34,374 --> 00:14:37,294 that was full of emblems of imperialist power, 237 00:14:37,377 --> 00:14:39,004 but that it was becoming 238 00:14:39,087 --> 00:14:41,590 a very bad place to live in many ways. 239 00:14:42,340 --> 00:14:44,218 There was rubble everywhere. 240 00:14:44,300 --> 00:14:46,845 The streets were full of bombed buildings. 241 00:14:46,928 --> 00:14:50,140 All children used to play in buildings and abandoned places. 242 00:14:50,223 --> 00:14:51,642 WRITER AND FRIEND OF JOHN LENNON 243 00:14:51,724 --> 00:14:53,727 The rubble was still there decades later. 244 00:14:54,185 --> 00:14:57,856 There was no money and the situation was complicated. i> 245 00:14:58,147 --> 00:15:02,528 What could young people in Liverpool aspire to? 246 00:15:02,610 --> 00:15:05,864 Everything was closing down. They were closing all the factories. < / i> 247 00:15:06,572 --> 00:15:11,745 It was a very difficult time in Liverpool at that time. 248 00:15:12,787 --> 00:15:16,458 And it was in that austere scenario that the Beatles grew up. < / i> 249 00:15:17,083 --> 00:15:19,962 The founder of the band and senior member, John Lennon, 250 00:15:20,044 --> 00:15:21,797 was born in a divided household i> 251 00:15:21,879 --> 00:15:23,590 and was raised by his uncles 252 00:15:23,673 --> 00:15:25,926 in a relatively wealthy area of the city. 253 00:15:26,509 --> 00:15:29,680 But his future companions, Paul McCartney and George Harrison, 254 00:15:29,762 --> 00:15:32,266 came from working class neighborhoods. 255 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:36,562 Despite the deterioration that surrounded them and the difficulties with which they were raised, 256 00:15:36,936 --> 00:15:39,815 the future possibilities of the three
were driven 257 00:15:39,897 --> 00:15:42,025 by a new educational initiative 258 00:15:42,233 --> 00:15:45,070 that made the brightest children enter institutes 259 00:15:45,153 --> 00:15:47,364 regardless of your financial history. 260 00:15:48,197 --> 00:15:51,076 John Lennon, Paul McCartney and George Harrison > 261 00:15:51,159 --> 00:15:54,288 gave an exam at 11 years 262 00:15:54,579 --> 00:15:57,040 which, in essence, certified that they were ready. 263 00:15:57,331 --> 00:16:00,711 And for having passed the so-called 11 + exam, 264 00:16:00,793 --> 00:16:03,797 were candidates to go to the institutes. 265 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:06,467 These were designed to educate children 266 00:16:06,549 --> 00:16:09,428 to then be able to receive some type of higher education. 267 00:16:09,510 --> 00:16:14,016 This meant that, at age 11, at a relatively young age. .. 268 00:16:14,098 --> 00:16:16,935 Particularly Paul McCartney and George Harrison, 269 00:16:17,018 --> 00:16:19,146 who really were working class. 270 00:16:19,228 --> 00:16:23,275 John Lennon was a bit more complicated. It was a little bit of everything. 271 00:16:23,357 --> 00:16:26,570 But in the case of Paul McCartney /> and George Harrison, 272 00:16:26,652 --> 00:16:29,490 at age 11, they were isolated in a certain way 273 00:16:29,572 --> 00:16:33,869 from the world of suburbs where they had grown up. 274 00:16:34,368 --> 00:16:37,164 Every day they took the bus to the center of Liverpool 275 00:16:37,246 --> 00:16:40,125 to go to a place called Liverpool Institute, 276 00:16:40,208 --> 00:16:44,713 and basically they were marked and they were educated from the age of 11 277 00:16:44,795 --> 00:16:46,924 to transcend their origins of the working class. 278 00:16:47,798 --> 00:16:50,010 With an education higher than that of their parents, 279 00:16:50,092 --> 00:16:52,179 these future Beatles were a new breed, 280 00:16:52,386 --> 00:16:55,015 raised within the proud working class of Liverpool, 281 00:16:55,306 --> 00:16:59,102 but undaunted by the educated elites supposedly superior to them. 282 00:16:59,810 --> 00:17:02,189 And with the arrival of rock in 1956... 283 00:17:02,271 --> 00:17:03,457 DO NOT MISS THE TRAIN OF ROCK 284 00:17:03,481 --> 00:17:06,151 exploited a musical form aimed at young people 285 00:17:06,234 --> 00:17:07,778 and their sense of difference. 286 00:17:08,611 --> 00:17:11,281 < i> The following year, John Lennon met Paul McCartney 287 00:17:11,656 --> 00:17:14,451 and invited him to join his band, The Quarrymen, 288 00:17:14,534 --> 00:17:17,204 to which George Harrison joined shortly after. 289 00:17:17,995 --> 00:17:19,665 Around them, in Liverpool, 290 00:17:19,747 --> 00:17:22,709 a new phenomenon found its rebellious voice... < / i> 291 00:17:23,376 --> 00:17:25,379 The teenagers had arrived. 292 00:17:25,753 --> 00:17:29,258 The 50s became the era 293 00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:32,678 < i> that the teenagers really reached maturity. 294 00:17:32,760 --> 00:17:35,722 We were united by our love for music. 295 00:17:36,013 --> 00:17:40,852 Until then, a boy went to a bar 296 00:17:40,935 --> 00:17:44,022 for his first beer with his father when he came of age. > 297 00:17:44,105 --> 00:17:45,983 He dressed like his dad. 298 00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:50,404 She went to her dad's union and worked the same as her dad. 299 00:17:50,820 --> 00:17:54,533 The women were in the kitchen, learning to make breakfast, 300 00:17:54,615 --> 00:17:56,243 clean and so on. 301 00:17:56,617 --> 00:17:59,997 But suddenly, the young people were earning money , 302 00:18:00,162 --> 00:18:02,666 and they wanted to spend it their way 303 00:18:02,748 --> 00:18:06,253 and do what they wanted, instead of being told what to do . 304 00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:08,964 It was opening a generation gap, 305 00:18:09,046 --> 00:18:12,342 which would dominate the cultural life of Britain the next decade. 306 00:18:13,175 --> 00:18:16,805 And while rock was affecting British working-class youth, 307 00:18:16,887 --> 00:18:20,434 middle-class teenagers took other influences from the US, 308 00:18:20,975 --> 00:18:23,228 from the beat generation to jazz and blues. 309 00:18:23,769 --> 00:18:26,898 If the future Beatles were rebels of rock at heart, < / i> 310 00:18:26,981 --> 00:18:30,110 none personified this much as John Lennon. 311 00:18:30,192 --> 00:18:33,196 But in disapproving his exams in 1957, > 312 00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:35,824 found a vacancy at the Liverpool College of Art, 313 00:18:35,906 --> 00:18:39,786 where it was launched into a culture unknown bohemian student. 314 00:18:40,202 --> 00:18:43,290 While this proved essential to expand their talents, 315 00:18:43,372 --> 00:18:45,542 here Lennon was a stranger. 316 00:18:45,791 --> 00:18:48,712 I met John Lennon at the College of Art. 317 00:18:48,794 --> 00:18:51,632 I was sitting in the canteen . 318 00:18:51,964 --> 00:18:55,093 Suddenly, I saw a boy pass by. 319 00:18:55,718 --> 00:18:58,764 And I thought: "What's he wearing?" 320 00:18:58,846 --> 00:19:01,600 He was dressed almost like a Teddy Boy, 321 00:19:01,682 --> 00:19:05,145 with a clothes completely out of the ordinary 322 00:19:05,227 --> 00:19:06,688 compared to the others. 323 00:19:06,771 --> 00:19:10,067 I looked around and they all wore braids 324 00:19:10,149 --> 00:19:11,860 and turtlenecks. 325 00:19:11,942 --> 00:19:14,446 I thought: "Everyone uses the same, 326 00:19:14,528 --> 00:19:15,864 they are all conventional. 327 00:19:16,238 --> 00:19:18,575 He is the rebel. He is different. 328 00:19:18,658 --> 00:19:19,660 I have to know him. " 329 00:19:25,539 --> 00:19:29,461 If you went to art school in the 50s, you would be exposed 330 00:19:29,543 --> 00:19:33,632 to intellectual radicalism and the rebellion of figures 331 00:19:33,714 --> 00:19:37,511 as Jack Kerouac and the beat generation, 332 00:19:37,593 --> 00:19:42,474 which were a repression against established religion, 333 00:19:42,848 --> 00:19:45,811 in favor of self-expression and against any system. 334 00:19:46,102 --> 00:19:50,732 And the "angry young people" of the theater, John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, 335 00:19:50,815 --> 00:19:54,111 they were angry, but they were ready. 336 00:19:54,860 --> 00:19:59,741 They found a way to direct their anger, it could have been anguish personal, 337 00:19:59,824 --> 00:20:02,619 but, when addressing to the outside world, 338 00:20:02,702 --> 00:20:07,958 can create an articulated voice of a generation, by so to say. 339 00:20:09,625 --> 00:20:11,461 Nine hundred and fifty-four... 340 00:20:11,544 --> 00:20:15,340 EVERYTHING BEGINS ON SATURDAY 341 00:20:15,423 --> 00:20:17,592 cursed 955. 342 00:20:18,092 --> 00:20:20,595 It could end in half the time, 343 00:20:20,678 --> 00:20:23,432 but it would only reduce my salary. go to the devil. 344 00:20:27,309 --> 00:20:28,870 Do not let the unfortunates discourage you. 345 00:20:28,894 --> 00:20:30,772 It's the only thing I learned. 346 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:34,860 type of influence would have been very attractive 347 00:20:34,942 --> 00:20:39,239 for someone like John Lennon, who was an irate young man himself, 348 00:20:39,321 --> 00:20:43,160 for many reasons personal. But if you can be an angry young man 349 00:20:43,242 --> 00:20:46,621 and, moreover, reflective, that's very attractive. 350 00:20:47,455 --> 00:20:50,834 By the summer of 1960, John Lennon's institute days, 351 00:20:50,916 --> 00:20:53,295 Paul McCartney and George Harrison had finished. 352 00:20:53,377 --> 00:20:56,715 Even so, they quickly moved into an education of another kind. 353 00:20:57,548 --> 00:21:00,552 In August, the band, that now it was called the Beatles, 354 00:21:00,634 --> 00:21:04,514 went to a show season in the vibrant German city of Hamburg 355 00:21:04,597 --> 00:21:06,141 and, during the following year, 356 00:21:06,223 --> 00:21:09,144 it was there that they won their place as a rock band. 357 00:21:10,019 --> 00:21:12,773 When they returned to Liverpool in 1961, 358 00:21:12,855 --> 00:21:16,276 they quickly reached the top of the city's music scene. 359 00:21:16,734 --> 00:21:18,862 However, they were isolated in the north, < / i> 360 00:21:18,944 --> 00:21:21,448 and the rest of the country paid little attention to them. 361 00:21:21,530 --> 00:21:24,743 I started writing to newspapers like the Daily Mail 362 00:21:24,825 --> 00:21:28,163 telling that what was happening in Liverpool was like New Orleans 363 00:21:28,245 --> 00:21:29,623 at the beginning of century, 364 00:21:29,705 --> 00:21:31,792 but with rock instead of jazz. 365 00:21:32,249 --> 00:21:34,169 Of course, nobody was interested. 366 00:21:34,251 --> 00:21:39,257 So I decided to do it myself and I created Mersey Beat. 367 00:21:39,340 --> 00:21:41,676 Of course, my friends, 368 00:21:42,468 --> 00:21:45,639 John and the group he had formed, the Beatles, 369 00:21:45,721 --> 00:21:47,724 were the ones he wrote the most about. 370 00:21:48,808 --> 00:21:51,144 With an adolescent hungry for information 371 00:21:51,227 --> 00:21:53,313 about this new world of rock, 372 00:21:53,395 --> 00:21:55,607 < i> Bill Harry's music newspaper, Mersey Beat, 373 00:21:55,689 --> 00:21:57,859 was very successful in the north of England. 374 00:21:58,442 --> 00:22:00,362 With their constant praise to the Beatles... 375 00:22:00,486 --> 00:22:01,671 FIRST COLOR PHOTO OF THE BEATLES 376 00:22:01,695 --> 00:22:02,739 it caught the attention 377 00:22:02,822 --> 00:22:06,243 from one of your taxpayers, local businessman Brian Epstein. 378 00:22:06,826 --> 00:22:09,287 Epstein was running a music store in Liverpool 379 00:22:09,370 --> 00:22:12,374 Epstein i> 380 00:22:12,456 --> 00:22:17,045 and agreed with Bill Harry to go see the band 381 00:22:17,545 --> 00:22:19,589 at the legendary Cavern Club in the city, where he was amazed with his performance. 382 00:22:19,672 --> 00:22:23,176 He immediately offered to represent them 383 00:22:24,134 --> 00:22:27,681 and, by January 1962 , a contract was signed. 384 00:22:27,763 --> 00:22:30,684 Sorry for the controlling approach of agents like Larry Parnes, 385 00:22:30,766 --> 00:22:32,769 < i> Epstein was aware of the unspoken rules 386 00:22:33,102 --> 00:22:35,397 of the British entertainment industry. 387 00:22:35,479 --> 00:22:37,691 first they had to change their appearance. 388 00:22:38,399 --> 00:22:41,278 I think he had the instinct 389 00:22:41,360 --> 00:22:45,156 to understand the pattern general 390 00:22:45,573 --> 00:22:48,326 of how things worked in this country. 391 00:22:48,409 --> 00:22:52,289 They were the young and wild Beatles, < br /> dressed in black leather 392 00:22:52,371 --> 00:22:55,542 and playing rock for prostitutes, 393 00:22:55,624 --> 00:22:57,919 mafiosi and others in Hamburg, 394 00:22:58,002 --> 00:23:01,840 consuming drugs and others. < They were the young and wild Beatles. 395 00:23:02,214 --> 00:23:07,512 They would never have accepted the consolidated media. 396 00:23:10,639 --> 00:23:13,476 And the Beatles achievement a Early 1963 397 00:23:13,559 --> 00:23:16,646 confirmed that Epstein's instincts were very successful. 398 00:23:18,063 --> 00:23:20,901 He managed to smuggle < br /> a singular band of rebels 399 00:23:20,983 --> 00:23:22,986 at the heart of the dominant culture. 400 00:23:23,068 --> 00:23:26,990 But instead of being a controller like the other agents in this industry, 401 00:23:27,072 --> 00:23:29,075 he gave them freedom. 402 00:23:29,992 --> 00:23:33,079 Since they reached the top of the British charts, 403 00:23:33,162 --> 00:23:36,249 the press, the TV drivers and the radio interviewers 404 00:23:36,332 --> 00:23:38,460 came face to face with the Beatles , 405 00:23:38,709 --> 00:23:42,047 and these ready, confident and very modern men 406 00:23:42,129 --> 00:23:45,050 chose to play the game according to their own rules. 407 00:23:45,883 --> 00:23:48,720 At first, the behavior of the Beatles with the press 408 00:23:48,802 --> 00:23:51,056 was what most revolutionary of all. 409 00:23:51,221 --> 00:23:52,766 Nobody in your age group 410 00:23:53,015 --> 00:23:55,560 and, to some extent, its origin, 411 00:23:55,643 --> 00:23:58,313 has never behaved like this with reporters. 412 00:23:58,395 --> 00:24:00,315 Do you know that Do you look like Matt Monro? 413 00:24:01,774 --> 00:24:03,693 Sing us "Russia with love". 414 00:24:04,234 --> 00:24:05,362 Thank you, guys. 415 00:24:06,236 --> 00:24:07,989 The Beatles were daring. 416 00:24:08,238 --> 00:24:10,575 In the interviews, they turned the tables. 417 00:24:10,783 --> 00:24:13,745 When interviewing Adam Faith or someone like that, 418 00:24:13,827 --> 00:24:17,582 > 419 00:24:17,665 --> 00:24:19,084 was a matter as a master and servant. 420 00:24:19,166 --> 00:24:20,166 Cliff, how was your tour? 421 00:24:20,209 --> 00:24:23,630 INTERVIEW IN 1962 422 00:24:23,837 --> 00:24:26,257 Sincerely , I think it was the most pleasant in a long time, 423 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:30,345 more than anything, not only for the public, 424 00:24:31,095 --> 00:24:35,767 The Beatles cut with that and almost ridiculed the thing, 425 00:24:35,849 --> 00:24:38,269 they turned it into a farce in the style of the Marx Brothers, 426 00:24:38,352 --> 00:24:39,688 which was Fantastic. 427 00:24:39,770 --> 00:24:43,650 They say that you four will be millionaires by the end of the year. 428 00:24:43,732 --> 00:24:45,318 Wow, that's good. 429 00:24:45,401 --> 00:24:49,906 Do you have time to spend that money? 430 00:24:50,197 --> 00:24:52,492 What money? He said. 431 00:24:52,574 --> 00:24:54,536 - Do not you give them anything? - No. 432 00:24:54,618 --> 00:24:56,204 Did you see the car you have? 433 00:24:57,496 --> 00:24:59,666 It was very similar as the groups 434 00:24:59,748 --> 00:25:02,419 of male adolescents interacted with each other 435 00:25:02,501 --> 00:25:03,753 naturally. 436 00:25:03,836 --> 00:25:06,256 This is what teenagers do. 437 00:25:06,588 --> 00:25:08,174 They try to outdo each other. 438 00:25:08,257 --> 00:25:11,011 They try to knock each other down /> and that kind of thing. 439 00:25:11,301 --> 00:25:14,639 The Beatles simply had the audacity to take this 440 00:25:14,722 --> 00:25:19,269 and do it in front of the microphones and the cameras. 441 00:25:19,351 --> 00:25:22,272 John, it's rumored in the newspaper The News of the Beatles 442 00:25:22,354 --> 00:25:23,815 that maybe you leave the band. 443 00:25:23,897 --> 00:25:26,526 It's a lie, I have a contract . 444 00:25:26,608 --> 00:25:28,319 I've been trying to quit for years. 445 00:25:28,402 --> 00:25:30,947 - You've been writing poetry. - What newspaper? 446 00:25:31,030 --> 00:25:32,615 The News of the Beatles . 447 00:25:32,781 --> 00:25:34,492 - I do not know him. - Do you want to see it? 448 00:25:34,575 --> 00:25:35,785 - No. - It must be from the USA. 449 00:25:35,868 --> 00:25:38,913 p> 450 00:25:38,996 --> 00:25:42,625 Part of their success was because they were not artificial. 451 00:25:42,708 --> 00:25:46,755 They were just themselves, and that was surprising. 452 00:25:46,837 --> 00:25:49,716 That being oneself was something new. 453 00:25:51,300 --> 00:25:53,261

When presented genuinely, 454 00:25:53,552 --> 00:25:56,765 the Beatles managed to highlight the mannered and unnatural exterior 455 00:25:56,889 --> 00:25:58,308 of British cultural life 456 00:25:58,390 --> 00:26:01,519 at a time when it already showed signs of weakness. 457 00:26:02,311 --> 00:26:05,106 The attitude of society in the face of any behavior, 458 00:26:05,189 --> 00:26:07,025 in particular with regard to sex, 459 00:26:07,107 --> 00:26:09,277 had been puritanical and conservative for centuries, 460 00:26:09,777 --> 00:26:12,989 but, by the early 60s, things were changing. 461 00:26:13,614 --> 00:26:16,618 < i> At the beginning of the decade, the novel Lady Chatterley's Lover 462 00:26:16,700 --> 00:26:18,620 was published successfully. 463 00:26:18,702 --> 00:26:21,915 It was hidden from the general public since the late 1920s. 464 00:26:21,997 --> 00:26:24,959 It was an erotic love story despite class differences. 465 00:26:25,042 --> 00:26:26,795 It was a phenomenon since its launch 466 00:26:27,461 --> 00:26:29,964 and it sold quickly more than three million copies. 467 00:26:30,047 --> 00:26:32,592 At the same time, a scandal arose 468 00:26:32,674 --> 00:26:34,886 in the midst of the British ruling class, 469 00:26:34,968 --> 00:26:37,013 when an illicit affair was exposed 470 00:26:37,096 --> 00:26:40,767 between the politician John Profumo and a model of 19 years. 471 00:26:42,017 --> 00:26:44,104 The conservative sexual attitudes of the English 472 00:26:44,186 --> 00:26:45,855 they were confronted in public. 473 00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:48,066 And then came the Beatlemania. 474 00:26:49,316 --> 00:26:53,154 Towards the summer of 1963, the overwhelming effect of the band 475 00:26:53,237 --> 00:26:56,616 about teenagers was becoming a national epidemic. 476 00:26:57,116 --> 00:26:59,285 Critics warned that the band 477 00:26:59,368 --> 00:27:02,747 had unleashed a wave of sexual furor in the female audience. 478 00:27:03,122 --> 00:27:05,875 But the release that the Beatles offered to these girls 479 00:27:05,958 --> 00:27:08,795 i> 480 00:27:10,129 --> 00:27:13,174 was more complicated than it seemed at first glance. 481 00:27:13,257 --> 00:27:16,177 What everyone wanted already the time they did not want to think 482 00:27:16,260 --> 00:27:20,014 was that all this was part of eroticism, 483 00:27:20,097 --> 00:27:23,643 It was that these girls had something 484 00:27:23,725 --> 00:27:26,813 that seemed to simulate a sexual experience 485 00:27:27,271 --> 00:27:30,650 in response to the fact of seeing and listening to the Beatles. 486 00:27:30,732 --> 00:27:33,820 Therefore, always 487 00:27:33,902 --> 00:27:36,364 was spoken and written about in the Freudian terms of hysteria, 488 00:27:37,072 --> 00:27:39,534 which is also a sexually charged term. 489 00:27:39,616 --> 00:27:42,412 These girls were orgasmic? This was Orgasmic? 490 00:27:42,494 --> 00:27:44,289 That was not what was happening. 491 00:27:44,580 --> 00:27:47,167 The rock of the 50s 492 00:27:47,249 --> 00:27:51,296 was a catalyst for many young men 493 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:57,010 to find a reason to be more than a version 494 00:27:57,092 --> 00:28:00,430 of their father
when they were teenagers. 495 00:28:00,846 --> 00:28:04,809 Dressing up like Teddy Boy and acting quarrelsome in the street 496 00:28:04,892 --> 00:28:06,769 maybe it was not incredibly expressive, 497 00:28:06,852 --> 00:28:09,898 but at least it meant finding an identity. 498 00:28:10,063 --> 00:28:13,735 I think for a young woman it was not that simple. > 499 00:28:13,817 --> 00:28:15,987 Something like the Beatlemania, 500 00:28:16,069 --> 00:28:18,239 the cries that surrounded the Beatles, 501 00:28:18,322 --> 00:28:23,661 < i> it is tempting to interpret it as a cry of frustration 502 00:28:23,744 --> 00:28:26,706 as they try to find their own identity, 503 00:28:26,788 --> 00:28:28,750 and it's so little expressive, in some way, 504 00:28:28,832 --> 00:28:31,044 that the quarrelsome kids in the cinemas. 505 00:28:31,501 --> 00:28:34,923 Do you deliberately try to generate this reaction to the screaming? 506 00:28:35,005 --> 00:28:39,886 No, we arrived at the theater, and they are always there, waiting. 507 00:28:40,219 --> 00:28:43,014 When we do a show, the police come to tell us: 508 00:28:43,096 --> 00:28:45,725 "Do not look out the window because you will excite them". 509 00:28:47,184 --> 00:28:49,604 These women controlled public spaces 510 00:28:50,395 --> 00:28:53,274 and nobody I could do nothing about it. 511 00:28:53,357 --> 00:28:56,319 It's a perfect example of what we would call misconduct. 512 00:28:56,401 --> 00:28:58,821 Shout , screaming and whining in public. 513 00:28:58,904 --> 00:29:01,407 It was bad behavior one way or another. 514 00:29:01,490 --> 00:29:04,202 But he was authorized, not by the authorities, 515 00:29:04,284 --> 00:29:05,787 but by the band itself. 516 00:29:06,995 --> 00:29:09,499 The Beatles phenomenon was unstoppable. 517 00:29:09,957 --> 00:29:12,293 At the end of August, the single "She loves you" 518 00:29:12,376 --> 00:29:16,172 became the fastest-selling disc sold in the history of the United Kingdom. 519 00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:19,259 In less than a year, The success of the band exceeded 520 00:29:19,341 --> 00:29:21,844 to that of any other previous artist. 521 00:29:22,469 --> 00:29:24,847 The final stage of its conquest of Britain 522 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,100 arrived on November 4, 1963, 523 00:29:27,182 --> 00:29:28,851 when they found for the first time... 524 00:29:28,934 --> 00:29:29,811 PRINCE OF WALES 525 00:29:29,935 --> 00:29:33,606 with the highest level of the ruling class: the royal family. 526 00:29:34,398 --> 00:29:37,986 The occasion unleashed the rock rebel that John Lennon was carrying inside, 527 00:29:38,068 --> 00:29:41,990 that he saw in that night's show /> an opportunity that I could not waste. 528 00:29:42,990 --> 00:29:46,869 John, in this program, when you appear in front of royalty, 529 00:29:46,952 --> 00:29:49,330 your vocabulary should be good, of course. 530 00:29:49,413 --> 00:29:52,083 This about Ted Heath /> He said he could not distinguish... 531 00:29:53,333 --> 00:29:55,378 - I do not understand. - The English of the queen... 532 00:29:55,460 --> 00:29:57,880 I do not understand why Teddy would say something like that. 533 00:29:59,506 --> 00:30:01,134 I will not vote for Ted. 534 00:30:02,551 --> 00:30:05,805 But you will not change your way of acting, for... 535 00:30:05,887 --> 00:30:09,559 No, we will continue doing the same, right? 536 00:30:09,641 --> 00:30:11,394 - Yes. - Yes, that's right. 537 00:30:11,685 --> 00:30:16,941 Lennon always had an ambivalent relationship with how 538 00:30:17,691 --> 00:30:21,487 the show's leading class became attached to the Beatles. 539 00:30:22,029 --> 00:30:25,783 On the one hand, their professional side loved the fact 540 00:30:25,866 --> 00:30:28,619 that they were fabulously successful. 541 00:30:28,702 --> 00:30:32,415 But, for his rebellious side, it was difficult to assimilate. 542 00:30:32,497 --> 00:30:36,377 So, in the Royal Command Performance, 543 00:30:36,793 --> 00:30:40,506 scoffed at Brian Epstein suggesting 544 00:30:40,589 --> 00:30:44,218 that he would take the stage and curse in front of the queen. 545 00:30:44,843 --> 00:30:48,348 But in the end, he beat his professionalism. 546 00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:51,100 He managed to create a small subversion, 547 00:30:51,183 --> 00:30:54,145 but it was carefully thought out 548 00:30:55,854 --> 00:30:57,023 Thanks. 549 00:30:57,939 --> 00:31:01,027 For our last issue, I would like to ask for your help. 550 00:31:01,985 --> 00:31:05,114 Could you, please, applaud the people from the cheapest seats? ? 551 00:31:06,573 --> 00:31:09,118 And the others, please, clink their jewelry. 552 00:31:11,953 --> 00:31:14,624 And this was a moment of insurrection, that's how it felt. 553 00:31:14,706 --> 00:31:18,961 But the thing is that maybe it was not so radical 554 00:31:19,044 --> 00:31:21,422 because, if you see Lennon after saying it, 555 00:31:21,505 --> 00:31:26,719 looks like it's just admit to your mom 556 00:31:26,802 --> 00:31:28,805 what was done on top of it or something like that. 557 00:31:28,887 --> 00:31:33,142 It was a humbling cure. He felt ashamed. > 558 00:31:33,225 --> 00:31:37,355 But nobody but him would have the guts to say that. 559 00:31:37,437 --> 00:31:40,525 What might have seemed a kind of moment 560 00:31:40,607 --> 00:31:44,737 revolutionary and rebellious, by saying "make your jewels tinkle" 561 00:31:44,820 --> 00:31:47,532 in a very marked area by the difference of classes, 562 00:31:47,614 --> 00:31:50,076 was overshadowed by this feeling 563 00:31:50,158 --> 00:31:54,122 that the Beatles were good guys and could do whatever they wanted. 564 00:31:55,997 --> 00:31:57,917 With the British youth at your feet, 565 00:31:57,999 --> 00:32:00,211 The Beatles targeted new territories. 566 00:32:00,293 --> 00:32:02,672 They traveled to Scandinavia at the end of the year 567 00:32:02,754 --> 00:32:04,215 < i> and then to France. 568 00:32:07,467 --> 00:32:09,720 The national pop scene that they left 569 00:32:09,803 --> 00:32:12,056 had been transformed with your success 570 00:32:12,139 --> 00:32:14,725 and, as well as Gerry and the Pacemakers from Liverpool 571 00:32:14,808 --> 00:32:16,811 or the London Rolling Stones , 572 00:32:17,185 --> 00:32:19,939 new groups emerged almost every week 573 00:32:20,021 --> 00:32:22,650 to fight for their place the clubs and the lists. 574 00:32:23,316 --> 00:32:25,361 But the Beatles were advancing, 575 00:32:25,444 --> 00:32:27,947 and the look of Brian Epstein was firmly placed 576 00:32:28,029 --> 00:32:31,242 in the largest territory of all: United States. 577 00:32:32,159 --> 00:32:35,079 Now that you are going to the USA, did you generate a reaction there? 578 00:32:35,162 --> 00:32:36,622 Do you have a fan club? 579 00:32:36,705 --> 00:32:38,374 There is supposed to be one. 580 00:32:38,457 --> 00:32:43,754 They are having a very good response, 12,000 letters a day. 581 00:32:46,423 --> 00:32:48,050 But is there a Beatle movement there? 582 00:32:48,133 --> 00:32:50,386 Yes, it can even empower us. 583 00:32:51,803 --> 00:32:55,975 p> 584 00:32:56,057 --> 00:32:57,185 By the way, at the University of Detroit, there is a movement to take down you. 585 00:32:57,267 --> 00:32:58,603 - Yes? - No. 586 00:32:58,685 --> 00:33:02,607 We will finish with Detroit. 587 00:33:02,981 --> 00:33:06,235 They believe that their haircuts are not American. 588 00:33:06,318 --> 00:33:09,697 Well they are very observant, because we are not Americans. 589 00:33:10,238 --> 00:33:13,451 There was always the question what would happen next. 590 00:33:15,160 --> 00:33:18,039 But it never exploded. It just kept on existing. 591 00:33:19,331 --> 00:33:22,752 If Britain suffered a difficult summer when the Beatles 592 00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:26,047 they lit for the first time the lists in 1963, 593 00:33:26,379 --> 00:33:28,382 when "I want to hold your hand" 594 00:33:28,465 --> 00:33:30,510 arrived in the USA the following year, 595 00:33:30,592 --> 00:33:33,888 entered a nation dealing with much greater misfortunes. 596 00:33:34,846 --> 00:33:38,601 After the Second World War World, they were one of the two superpowers of the world, 597 00:33:38,975 --> 00:33:40,937 and the next decade was dominated 598 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:44,440 by the hostile relationship of the country with the Soviet Union 599 00:33:44,523 --> 00:33:46,984 and the threat of a real nuclear war. 600 00:33:47,526 --> 00:33:51,405 But Americans enjoyed the fruits of a growing economy, 601 00:33:51,488 --> 00:33:53,574 had emerged a strong consumer culture > 602 00:33:53,740 --> 00:33:56,285 and the national trust was high. 603 00:33:56,910 --> 00:34:00,665 In 1960, he became president John F. Kennedy, > 604 00:34:01,081 --> 00:34:05,294 a young and charismatic politician who personified this new confidence 605 00:34:05,377 --> 00:34:07,964 and promised a bright and optimistic future . 606 00:34:08,672 --> 00:34:11,551 My fellow citizens of the world, 607 00:34:12,217 --> 00:34:16,681 do not wonder what the US will do. for you, 608 00:34:17,055 --> 00:34:21,310 but what can we do together for the freedom of man. 609 00:34:23,061 --> 00:34:26,440 Three years later, in November 1963, 610 00:34:26,523 --> 00:34:29,944 i> 611 00:34:30,569 --> 00:34:34,740 He represented an injection of energy to life in the US. 612 00:34:34,823 --> 00:34:36,993 He was young, he was handsome. 613 00:34:37,075 --> 00:34:40,454 It represented a very marked change to Dwight Eisenhower. 614 00:34:40,620 --> 00:34:41,831 REVIEW ROLLING STONE 615 00:34:41,913 --> 00:34:44,625 Eisenhower was a remnant of World War II. 616 00:34:44,708 --> 00:34:46,002 He was a war hero, of course. 617 00:34:46,668 --> 00:34:51,716 It was an extension of that generation in the modern United States. 618 00:34:51,798 --> 00:34:54,427 But John Kennedy was the modern United States. 619 00:34:54,759 --> 00:34:59,265 All the optimism and youth. The birth explosion was taking place. 620 00:34:59,556 --> 00:35:02,560 In a way, it was embodied by John Kennedy. 621 00:35:02,642 --> 00:35:06,188 And the Kennedy assassination... 622 00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:08,858 ended that. 623 00:35:09,858 --> 00:35:12,403 The Beatles also represented youth, 624 00:35:12,861 --> 00:35:17,408 just like John Kennedy, and cunning and intelligence. 625 00:35:17,782 --> 00:35:21,495 No doubt, for young people, this changed things immediately . 626 00:35:21,995 --> 00:35:24,332 The Beatles lit USA. 627 00:35:24,706 --> 00:35:27,001 Sure it could have been something else. 628 00:35:27,083 --> 00:35:31,797 Some other happy manifestation of something 629 00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:35,593 surely could have happened, but what happened was a song. 630 00:35:36,259 --> 00:35:38,137 And it's very important to understand 631 00:35:38,219 --> 00:35:40,931 that, in Great Britain, the personalities of the Beatles, 632 00:35:41,014 --> 00:35:43,726 their witty talk, all his public performance 633 00:35:43,808 --> 00:35:45,770 was an important part 634 00:35:45,852 --> 00:35:48,731 of how they got the attention of the public from there. 635 00:35:48,813 --> 00:35:50,858 In the US, it was with a song. 636 00:36:07,832 --> 00:36:09,502 It was the perfect vehicle 637 00:36:09,584 --> 00:36:14,507 to enter this traumatized national atmosphere. 638 00:36:14,589 --> 00:36:16,801 What is the dominant quality of the sound 639 00:36:16,883 --> 00:36:19,261 of Lennon and McCartney singing together? 640 00:36:19,344 --> 00:36:21,138 The joy, the joy of playing, 641 00:36:21,429 --> 00:36:23,516 of listening to the voice of the other, 642 00:36:23,598 --> 00:36:27,937 of any kind of stimulus that took place there. 643 00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:33,109 That's painting with broad strokes. There's nothing subtle about it. 644 00:36:33,692 --> 00:36:36,904 Undoubtedly, the Beatles changed everything immediately. 645 00:36:36,986 --> 00:36:40,658 "I want to hold your hand" had a tremendous impact. 646 00:36:40,740 --> 00:36:43,119 And then, of course, the doors opened, p> 647 00:36:43,201 --> 00:36:46,872 not only with an excellent Beatles song after another, 648 00:36:46,955 --> 00:36:48,958 but with the British invasion. 649 00:36:49,040 --> 00:36:51,419 The Beatles knocked down the door. 650 00:36:52,419 --> 00:36:56,173 What they had done to Britain now they did it to EE . 651 00:36:56,631 --> 00:37:00,010 "I want to hold your hand", released at the end of 1963, 652 00:37:00,093 --> 00:37:03,264 sold in two months more than a million copies 653 00:37:03,346 --> 00:37:06,684 and was the first single number of the band in the USA. > 654 00:37:06,766 --> 00:37:09,019 One week after arriving at the first place, 655 00:37:09,102 --> 00:37:11,981 John, Paul, George and Ringo crossed the Atlantic 656 00:37:12,063 --> 00:37:13,482 and they arrived in New York 657 00:37:13,565 --> 00:37:16,777 to greet a new group of enraged teenage fans. 658 00:37:16,860 --> 00:37:19,071 They were also welcomed by members of the press 659 00:37:19,154 --> 00:37:21,490 eager to understand this foreign phenomenon, 660 00:37:21,573 --> 00:37:25,703 and the band presented them their unique informal humor, 661 00:37:25,785 --> 00:37:28,789 than in the US it was as uncommon as in Britain. 662 00:37:28,872 --> 00:37:32,710 No doubt, his way of dealing with the press was original. 663 00:37:32,792 --> 00:37:36,088 It was clear that they were something like no other. 664 00:37:37,380 --> 00:37:40,176 How smart they were, how funny they were! 665 00:37:40,550 --> 00:37:42,678 John and Paul in particular 666 00:37:42,761 --> 00:37:47,767 p> 667 00:37:48,224 --> 00:37:52,438 were extremely clever, eloquent and original people. 668 00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:55,483 George was also a very funny guy. 669 00:37:55,774 --> 00:37:59,153 And Ringo was something like a born clown. 670 00:38:00,278 --> 00:38:01,947 Who was that fast, so smart, 671 00:38:04,365 --> 00:38:06,952 I must be forgetting someone, 672 00:38:07,368 --> 00:38:09,872 but I can not think who the hell could it be. 673 00:38:09,954 --> 00:38:12,666 Do you think your records are funny or are music? 674 00:38:12,749 --> 00:38:17,087 We think they are something peculiar. That's right. 675 00:38:18,046 --> 00:38:19,340 Do you consider them musical? 676 00:38:19,422 --> 00:38:21,634 Obviously they are, because it's music, right? 677 00:38:21,716 --> 00:38:23,177 The instruments make music. 678 00:38:23,259 --> 00:38:25,012 - It's a record. - It's musical. 679 00:38:27,889 --> 00:38:29,391 Is it music? no? 680 00:38:29,474 --> 00:38:31,393 That's also music. 681 00:38:31,476 --> 00:38:33,270 It's good. He knows music. 682 00:38:33,728 --> 00:38:37,233 But how do you call it? Do you call it rock? 683 00:38:37,315 --> 00:38:39,318 We try not to define it. 684 00:38:39,400 --> 00:38:43,030 There are many misclassifications. 685 00:38:43,112 --> 00:38:46,158 It does not make sense, we call it music and that's it. 686 00:38:46,950 --> 00:38:48,661 Even if you do not do it. 687 00:38:48,743 --> 00:38:50,746 - Do you doubt that classification? - How? 688 00:38:50,829 --> 00:38:52,873 - Do you doubt that classification? - No. 689 00:38:52,956 --> 00:38:54,500 We are sure. 690 00:38:55,250 --> 00:38:59,171 The subliminal message of the Beatles' wit 691 00:38:59,796 --> 00:39:03,050 in their press conferences was about a youth movement 692 00:39:03,508 --> 00:39:07,638 that they were not going to determine... 693 00:39:08,388 --> 00:39:09,473 the elders. 694 00:39:09,556 --> 00:39:11,892 Since the Beatles arrived, 695 00:39:11,975 --> 00:39:14,645 reinvented totally the functioning of culture. 696 00:39:14,894 --> 00:39:19,608 Before that, everything, fashion, cinema, music , 697 00:39:19,691 --> 00:39:21,026 was vertical. 698 00:39:21,109 --> 00:39:26,031 Everything was what adults liked and then it filtered down to children. 699 00:39:26,114 --> 00:39:29,118 After one or two years, suddenly it was the young people 700 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:30,786 who decided everything. 701 00:39:30,869 --> 00:39:32,621 That started with the Beatles. 702 00:39:33,621 --> 00:39:37,793 After breaking all record sales in Britain, the following year, 703 00:39:37,876 --> 00:39:39,795 in April 1964, 704 00:39:39,878 --> 00:39:42,590 the band made history on the Billboard Hot 100 705 00:39:42,672 --> 00:39:44,550 by turning the only group 706 00:39:44,632 --> 00:39:47,845 to occupy the top five positions of the list. 707 00:39:47,927 --> 00:39:50,556 The boys with cut of bowl now revolutionized 708 00:39:50,638 --> 00:39:52,141 US popular music 709 00:39:52,599 --> 00:39:55,561 And Beatlemania expanded /> like gunpowder all over the country. 710 00:39:55,643 --> 00:39:56,996 SHOW DE LOS BEATLES SUNDAY 30 AUG 1964 711 00:39:57,020 --> 00:40:00,482 And then, in July, following the traditional career path 712 00:40:00,565 --> 00:40:02,693 of any post-war folk artist, 713 00:40:02,775 --> 00:40:05,946 the band starred their first film. 714 00:40:06,487 --> 00:40:09,033 < i> However, A Hard Day & apos; s Night was, as expected, 715 00:40:09,115 --> 00:40:11,368 different from everything that preceded it. 716 00:40:23,504 --> 00:40:26,592 Musical films before A Hard Day & apos; s Night 717 00:40:26,758 --> 00:40:28,344 were lucrative projects 718 00:40:28,635 --> 00:40:32,473 intended exclusively to the young audience 719 00:40:32,555 --> 00:40:35,768 of any artist that was fashionable at the time. 720 00:40:35,850 --> 00:40:38,479 A Hard Day & apos; s Night changed that. 721 00:40:38,645 --> 00:40:44,109 They took something that was easy to achieve, the rock movie, 722 00:40:44,317 --> 00:40:46,028 and they made it great. 723 00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:48,739 Directed by the American Richard Lester, 724 00:40:49,155 --> 00:40:52,993 the film created a totally new language for rock cinema. 725 00:40:53,284 --> 00:40:54,684 Before, the musicians had passed... 726 00:40:54,744 --> 00:40:56,347 NORTH PREMIERE THE BEATLES IN A HARD DAY & APOS; S NIGHT 727 00:40:56,371 --> 00:40:58,582 to the big screen with fictional characters 728 00:40:58,665 --> 00:41:00,417 created by screenwriters. 729 00:41:00,959 --> 00:41:02,753 But in A Hard Day & apos; s Night, 730 00:41:02,835 --> 00:41:04,630 The Beatles They made themselves 731 00:41:04,712 --> 00:41:08,133 in a comedy inspired by their own experiences of fame. 732 00:41:08,216 --> 00:41:11,178 It was a phenomenon both commercial and critical. 733 00:41:11,302 --> 00:41:15,557 They interpreted themselves in a fiction movie. 734 00:41:16,265 --> 00:41:17,559 That it did not happen. 735 00:41:18,810 --> 00:41:22,856 A lot of what happened at the beginning of the Beatles' career 736 00:41:22,939 --> 00:41:24,692 It had never happened before. 737 00:41:24,774 --> 00:41:26,860 They opened borders on many levels. 738 00:41:26,943 --> 00:41:29,279 Tell me, how did you find the USA ? 739 00:41:29,904 --> 00:41:31,323 00:41:34,368 - Has success changed your life? - Yes. 741 00:41:34,450 --> 00:41:36,203 I do not want to waste paper. 742 00:41:36,536 --> 00:41:38,205 Are you a mod or a rocker? ? 743 00:41:38,371 --> 00:41:39,957 No, I'm a moquero. 744 00:41:41,874 --> 00:41:43,127 Do you have hobbies? 745 00:41:49,799 --> 00:41:52,511 In my opinion, it was actually A Hard Day & apos; s Night 746 00:41:53,136 --> 00:41:59,309 what consolidated them as something completely new 747 00:41:59,392 --> 00:42:04,273 and interesting beyond of the imagination from anyone. 748 00:42:04,355 --> 00:42:06,817 - I do not snore. - Yes you do, constantly. 749 00:42:06,899 --> 00:42:08,402 Ronco, John? 750 00:42:08,484 --> 00:42:10,404 Yes, like a pig, son. 751 00:42:11,154 --> 00:42:13,615 That's your opinion. Ronco, Paul? 752 00:42:13,948 --> 00:42:16,702 With such a nose, it would not be normal not to do it. 753 00:42:17,118 --> 00:42:19,329 No, Paulie, do not make fun of the afflicted. 754 00:42:19,412 --> 00:42:21,040 Please, it's just a joke. 755 00:42:21,122 --> 00:42:23,375 It may be a joke, but it's his nose. 756 00:42:24,083 --> 00:42:26,295 He can not help but have a horrible nose 757 00:42:27,295 --> 00:42:29,923 and a poor little head shivering under the weight of this. 758 00:42:30,173 --> 00:42:31,884 It was not the rock movie 759 00:42:31,966 --> 00:42:34,261 that one would expect to see, at all. 760 00:42:34,594 --> 00:42:37,056 And although his wit... 761 00:42:37,138 --> 00:42:41,769 It had always been clear that they were funny at the microphone, 762 00:42:42,268 --> 00:42:46,231 but their irreverence and their irreverence to themselves. .. 763 00:42:46,314 --> 00:42:47,858 THE BEATLES IN HIS FIRST MOVIE 764 00:42:47,940 --> 00:42:49,568 was something unprecedented. 765 00:42:49,650 --> 00:42:50,903 12 ROTUNDOS SUCCESSES! 766 00:42:50,985 --> 00:42:54,031 And, of course, made them even more venerable. 767 00:42:55,073 --> 00:42:58,160 And while the Beatles started a major US tour 768 00:42:58,242 --> 00:43:01,663 In the summer of 1964, in Britain , the whole country 769 00:43:01,746 --> 00:43:03,457 evolved after its passage. 770 00:43:03,539 --> 00:43:04,981 After the sexual scandals of the previous year .. . 771 00:43:05,005 --> 00:43:06,643 THE VOTE OF "THE RIGHT" IS MISSING... WILSON ON THE THRESHOLD 772 00:43:06,667 --> 00:43:08,754 The ruling class had lost support. 773 00:43:08,836 --> 00:43:13,050 The people had voted for the government of the new prime minister Harold Wilson, 774 00:43:13,132 --> 00:43:15,427 a man who it seemed to represent the voice 775 00:43:15,510 --> 00:43:18,180 of a younger UK and progressive. 776 00:43:18,262 --> 00:43:20,641 Wilson became /> Leader of the Labor Party 777 00:43:20,723 --> 00:43:23,435 around the same time that the Beatles had 778 00:43:23,518 --> 00:43:25,729 the first sensations of resounding success. 779 00:43:25,812 --> 00:43:27,898 It was from the north. Let's not forget that. 780 00:43:27,980 --> 00:43:31,443 So this was, again, part of the great power of the north. 781 00:43:31,859 --> 00:43:34,071 There were the Beatles
in the sense of popular culture, 782 00:43:34,153 --> 00:43:38,158 and then there was Harold Wilson, reflecting modernity 783 00:43:38,241 --> 00:43:40,035 in the political sense. 784 00:43:40,118 --> 00:43:42,287 We will enter a new world. 785 00:43:42,537 --> 00:43:46,083 We were behind Europe in the 50s. The Tories They had let us down. 786 00:43:46,165 --> 00:43:49,878 Let's modernize. Like the Italians, the French and the Germans, 787 00:43:49,961 --> 00:43:51,004 let's get to work 788 00:43:51,087 --> 00:43:54,716 y hagamos que todos disfruten los frutos del éxito. 789 00:44:01,139 --> 00:44:04,726 And a central part of this new and progressive England was his youth. 790 00:44:05,601 --> 00:44:08,897 The amazing international success of the pop scene of the country 791 00:44:08,980 --> 00:44:11,358 had given confidence to the generation of young people 792 00:44:11,858 --> 00:44:14,903 and, thanks to the growing prosperity of the country, 793 00:44:14,986 --> 00:44:17,322 a new consumer culture emerged. 794 00:44:17,905 --> 00:44:20,742 Of the fertile land that were the art institutes, 795 00:44:20,825 --> 00:44:24,121 emerged the modern ideas of the incipient English designers. 796 00:44:24,954 --> 00:44:27,541 Where this was more obvious it was in fashion, 797 00:44:27,623 --> 00:44:31,003 whose nerve center was the overflowing London Carnaby Street. 798 00:44:31,085 --> 00:44:33,755 It was the first time that the young people had money 799 00:44:33,838 --> 00:44:37,301 to buy records and clothes, to cut their hair. 800 00:44:37,383 --> 00:44:40,304 That's where a separate youth market emerged almost immediately 801 00:44:40,386 --> 00:44:42,139 Carnaby Street thrived. 00:44:44,558 dressed like their mother. 803 00:44:44,640 --> 00:44:46,226 While people like Mary Quant 804 00:44:46,309 --> 00:44:48,937 i> 805 00:44:49,020 --> 00:44:51,315 made dresses with which you could run, 806 00:44:51,397 --> 00:44:54,860 you could dance and do things that young people do. < / i> 807 00:44:54,942 --> 00:44:58,488 Of course, that completely transformed the face of English fashion. 808 00:44:58,571 --> 00:45:01,200 Everything felt modern, new , original. 809 00:45:01,282 --> 00:45:04,286 Wherever you looked, the world began to look different. 810 00:45:04,994 --> 00:45:08,123 The black and white of principles of the Beatles and prior to them, 811 00:45:08,206 --> 00:45:09,875 The Beatles in black and white, 812 00:45:09,957 --> 00:45:12,169 until A Hard Day & apos; s Night was black and white. > 813 00:45:12,251 --> 00:45:15,714 In a matter of a year, the colors started to appear, 814 00:45:15,796 --> 00:45:19,218 the green shoots of a new culture. 815 00:45:19,967 --> 00:45:21,970 Although they had played the central role 816 00:45:22,053 --> 00:45:24,765 in cultivating this new cultural scene, 817 00:45:24,847 --> 00:45:28,602 towards the end of 1964, Beatles themselves were getting tired 818 00:45:28,684 --> 00:45:30,812 of their fame for "Eight days a week". 819 00:45:31,270 --> 00:45:33,607 In an attempt to escape < Beatlemania, 820 00:45:33,689 --> 00:45:35,859 John Lennon and George Harrison 821 00:45:35,942 --> 00:45:39,613 had moved to the Surrey camp, 48 kilometers from central London, 822 00:45:39,695 --> 00:45:42,783 and Ringo Starr would join them > the following year. 823 00:45:42,865 --> 00:45:44,993 In December, Beatles For Sale was released, 824 00:45:45,076 --> 00:45:47,704 the fourth album of study of the band, 825 00:45:47,787 --> 00:45:49,998 that showed clear symptoms of fatigue. 826 00:45:50,081 --> 00:45:51,667 You just have to look at the cover. > 827 00:45:51,749 --> 00:45:56,755 They are really exhausted young people for a couple of years of Beatlemania. 828 00:45:56,837 --> 00:45:59,549 It was more than obvious that they were getting tired 829 00:45:59,632 --> 00:46:02,386 and that the incredible attractiveness of the initial fame, 830 00:46:02,468 --> 00:46:05,222 that they took as a wonderful opportunity, 831 00:46:05,304 --> 00:46:09,393 and you can see and feel the joy on the albums and in the interviews. 832 00:46:09,475 --> 00:46:14,898 By the time Beatles left for sale, they were losing the charm quickly. 833 00:46:15,940 --> 00:46:18,193 Even so, the constant march of the culture juvenile 834 00:46:18,276 --> 00:46:20,237 would soon revive the band. 835 00:46:20,653 --> 00:46:24,241 While the kaleidoscopic colors of Carnaby Street were in full swing 836 00:46:24,323 --> 00:46:26,910 was developing a more experimental subculture 837 00:46:26,993 --> 00:46:31,123 West London, whose leaders > Soon they would come across the Beatles. 838 00:46:32,248 --> 00:46:35,711 Inspired by literature, avant-garde art and music, 839 00:46:35,793 --> 00:46:38,213 this little defined group of artists and artisans 840 00:46:38,296 --> 00:46:40,465 lacked a sense of community. 841 00:46:40,548 --> 00:46:44,469 Nonetheless, in June 1965, Barry Miles, the agent 842 00:46:44,552 --> 00:46:47,180 of the famous independent bookstore Better Books, < / i> 843 00:46:47,263 --> 00:46:50,892 organized a transcendental poetry event at the Albert Hall in London, 844 00:46:50,975 --> 00:46:55,230 which Allen Ginsberg participated in < br /> and other writers of the beat generation. 845 00:46:55,896 --> 00:46:57,691 It was very important, 846 00:46:57,773 --> 00:47:02,362 since it united the different creative clans of an emerging English counterculture. 847 00:47:02,445 --> 00:47:05,574 The great poetry reading at the Albert Hall in 1965 848 00:47:05,656 --> 00:47:09,578 was, in my opinion, the first time that an electorate was seen in London. 849 00:47:09,660 --> 00:47:11,913 Until then, the actors, the poets, 850 00:47:11,996 --> 00:47:15,625 the filmmakers and the people who had stores 851 00:47:15,708 --> 00:47:17,044 They did not know each other. 852 00:47:17,190 --> 00:47:20,297 In this event, which was basically a reading of the beat generation 853 00:47:20,379 --> 00:47:23,842 by Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Gregory Corso, 854 00:47:23,924 --> 00:47:27,846 all these people met at the Albert Hall, 7,000 people. > 855 00:47:27,928 --> 00:47:29,639 It was like a huge party, 856 00:47:29,722 --> 00:47:35,145 as the first massive session of networking, I suppose. 857 00:47:35,603 --> 00:47:38,440 In this crucial event that he helped organize, 858 00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:41,360 Miles met John Dunbar, an artist friend 859 00:47:41,442 --> 00:47:43,987 both Allen Ginsberg and Gregory Corso 860 00:47:44,070 --> 00:47:47,699 who had recently married with the young singer Marianne Faithful. 861 00:47:48,574 --> 00:47:51,995 Together, they planned a new center for clandestine activities, 862 00:47:52,078 --> 00:47:54,122 the Indica Bookshop and Gallery, 863 00:47:54,205 --> 00:47:57,334 which would take Miles directly into the world of the Beatles. 864 00:47:58,334 --> 00:48:00,712 We went to the Albert Hall 865 00:48:00,961 --> 00:48:03,757 < i> and a friend named Paolo Leone said: 866 00:48:03,839 --> 00:48:05,717 "You have to meet this guy". 867 00:48:05,800 --> 00:48:06,840 FIGURE OF THE COUNTERCULTURE 868 00:48:06,884 --> 00:48:08,428 Thousands worked in Better Books. 869 00:48:10,012 --> 00:48:11,223 So we chatted. 870 00:48:11,680 --> 00:48:14,309 I do not know how many people enter the Albert Hall, 871 00:48:14,392 --> 00:48:16,269 about 2,000, 5,000, I do not know. 872 00:48:16,352 --> 00:48:20,440 Anyway, we thought that everyone had paid for it, 873 00:48:20,523 --> 00:48:22,484 so maybe we could make a store. 874 00:48:22,566 --> 00:48:27,489 We decided to join forces and combine a bookstore and an art gallery. 875 00:48:27,988 --> 00:48:31,159 His best friend was a subject named Peter Asher, 876 00:48:31,659 --> 00:48:35,872 that at that time I was in Peter and Gordon, a rock and folk duo 877 00:48:35,955 --> 00:48:39,376 that in fact had number one successes in England, EE .US. and Japan. 878 00:48:39,458 --> 00:48:41,878 So Peter had money, and therefore we looked for it 879 00:48:41,961 --> 00:48:43,713 to finance this venture. 880 00:48:44,255 --> 00:48:48,510 As a result, we founded a company called Miles, Asher and Dunbar, MAD. 881 00:48:48,926 --> 00:48:51,763 Of course, through this, I was able to meet Peter . 882 00:48:51,846 --> 00:48:54,141 He lived in his parents' house. 883 00:48:54,223 --> 00:48:56,601 He also lived with his sister, Jane Asher. 884 00:48:56,684 --> 00:48:59,980 Jane was a television personality. I interviewed people. 885 00:49:00,062 --> 00:49:03,650 I had starred in children's films and worked a lot on the radio. 886 00:49:03,732 --> 00:49:06,653 I also lived with them Jane Asher's boyfriend, 887 00:49:06,735 --> 00:49:09,406 who was Paul McCartney < br /> and lived on the top floor, 888 00:49:09,697 --> 00:49:12,367 in a small attic next to Peter's room. 889 00:49:12,450 --> 00:49:15,954 < i> So I got to know this extraordinary home. 890 00:49:16,078 --> 00:49:17,914 And when I was assembling the library, 891 00:49:18,122 --> 00:49:21,710 they sent all the books to the basement because we still did not have a place. 892 00:49:21,792 --> 00:49:25,130 Obviously, that's how I was able to meet Paul. 893 00:49:25,212 --> 00:49:27,757 < i> I was late at night, I leafed through the books 894 00:49:27,840 --> 00:49:29,801 and let me know what he had taken. 895 00:49:29,884 --> 00:49:32,262 In fact, was my first client from the library. 896 00:49:32,344 --> 00:49:36,808 When we found a place, it helped to put the shelves and paint the walls, 897 00:49:36,891 --> 00:49:39,644 so he was very, very involved
throughout the project. 898 00:49:39,727 --> 00:49:41,188 It was great to meet him. 899 00:49:41,562 --> 00:49:43,815 While his colleagues had fled London 900 00:49:43,898 --> 00:49:46,193 in favor of quiet suburban life, 901 00:49:46,275 --> 00:49:48,695 through its contact with progressive modern art, 902 00:49:48,777 --> 00:49:52,282 Paul McCartney soon became the most cultured of the Beatles. 903 00:49:52,907 --> 00:49:54,993 John Lennon had been married for years 904 00:49:55,075 --> 00:49:56,786 and raised a small child, 905 00:49:56,869 --> 00:49:59,456 George Harrison lived with his girlfriend Patti Boyd, 906 00:49:59,538 --> 00:50:01,750 and Ringo Starr was newly married, 907 00:50:01,832 --> 00:50:06,171 while McCartney was actively seeking new sounds and concepts, 908 00:50:06,295 --> 00:50:08,798 with Miles as his avant-garde guide. 909 00:50:08,881 --> 00:50:12,719 In his own words, he used to walk through London with the antenna on. 910 00:50:12,801 --> 00:50:16,806 One day I was going to watch a concert by John Cage, 911 00:50:16,889 --> 00:50:20,101 by Luciano Berio or some electronic musician. 912 00:50:20,184 --> 00:50:22,479 Then I went to see Tessie O & apos; Shea 913 00:50:22,561 --> 00:50:23,897 to Talk of the Town, 914 00:50:23,979 --> 00:50:26,858 or some ballad singer to the Blue Angel. 915 00:50:26,941 --> 00:50:28,401 He absorbed everything. 916 00:50:28,943 --> 00:50:32,072 < i> McCartney was the Beatle with cultural awareness 917 00:50:32,154 --> 00:50:33,323 who was walking around the city 918 00:50:33,405 --> 00:50:37,160 while the others lived a somewhat more comfortable existence 919 00:50:37,243 --> 00:50:38,662 in residential areas. 920 00:50:38,744 --> 00:50:43,708 He was still curious, he was still thirsty for any stimulus. 921 00:50:44,166 --> 00:50:46,586 It was around this time, in 1965 or 1966, 922 00:50:46,669 --> 00:50:51,633 that McCartney really started directing the Beatles. 923 00:50:51,715 --> 00:50:55,512 He stayed in London, receiving stimuli 924 00:50:55,594 --> 00:50:58,807 and raising all of that to the Beatles 925 00:50:59,223 --> 00:51:03,478 and he kept giving them > an artistic advantage. 926 00:51:04,728 --> 00:51:07,232 The artistic advantage would turn out to be unmistakable 927 00:51:07,314 --> 00:51:10,402 when the Beatles went to the studio in mid-1965 928 00:51:10,484 --> 00:51:12,404 to record the Rubber Soul disc. 929 00:51:12,820 --> 00:51:14,489 During the previous year, 930 00:51:14,572 --> 00:51:17,367 the wave of bands inspired by the example of the Beatles 931 00:51:17,449 --> 00:51:19,953 not only had achieved the Liverpool band, 932 00:51:20,035 --> 00:51:22,664 but, in some cases, threatened to surpass it. 933 00:51:23,122 --> 00:51:25,166 Following Lennon and McCartney, 934 00:51:25,374 --> 00:51:27,502 < i> the Rolling Stones had arrived in the USA. 935 00:51:27,585 --> 00:51:29,421 And now they wrote their own songs. 936 00:51:30,129 --> 00:51:31,423 Bob Dylan, folk icon, 937 00:51:31,505 --> 00:51:32,566 had switched to the electric 938 00:51:32,590 --> 00:51:35,302 and had become the poet excelso of rock, 939 00:51:35,384 --> 00:51:38,597 while new bands emerged, like The Who and The Byrds, 940 00:51:38,679 --> 00:51:41,391 that featured original sounds and perspectives. 941 00:51:42,057 --> 00:51:45,103 But the Beatles were ready to lay the foundations again. > 942 00:51:45,185 --> 00:51:47,731 In search of total creative control, 943 00:51:47,813 --> 00:51:50,859 with Rubber Soul, producer George Martin booked 944 00:51:50,941 --> 00:51:53,737 Abbey Road studios for an entire month for the band, 945 00:51:53,819 --> 00:51:56,865 with which she turned conventional recording rules. 946 00:51:57,364 --> 00:52:00,660 Before Rubber Soul, a day of professional recording 947 00:52:00,743 --> 00:52:04,247 was supervised < br /> by engineers with white coats. 948 00:52:04,330 --> 00:52:07,500 And there were three hours in the morning, a break for lunch 949 00:52:07,916 --> 00:52:09,669 and three hours in the afternoon. 950 00:52:09,752 --> 00:52:12,339 And that was it. That was the day of recording. 951 00:52:12,838 --> 00:52:16,509 When Rubber Soul arrived, they had enough influence to say : 952 00:52:17,426 --> 00:52:19,220 "We want more flexibility than that. 953 00:52:19,803 --> 00:52:22,432 We may want to stay and burn during the night." 954 00:52:22,931 --> 00:52:26,811 They invented the idea to treat a record 955 00:52:26,894 --> 00:52:29,814 as if it were a work of art. 956 00:52:29,897 --> 00:52:32,400 Take time to do something worthwhile. 957 00:52:32,483 --> 00:52:33,401 DECIBELES 958 00:52:33,484 --> 00:52:35,487 So there was this new idea, 959 00:52:35,569 --> 00:52:39,282 the idea of the recording studio as a composition laboratory. 960 00:52:39,615 --> 00:52:42,077 This was an incredible real revolution, 961 00:52:42,284 --> 00:52:44,704 how to make records and how to make music. 962 00:52:58,634 --> 00:53:02,138 Rubber Soul seems like the moment that pop music 963 00:53:02,221 --> 00:53:04,808 could become popular art. 964 00:53:04,890 --> 00:53:10,355 The whole album gave the feeling of being an artistic statement. 965 00:53:10,437 --> 00:53:12,816 The same Brian Wilson from The Beach Boys said: 966 00:53:12,898 --> 00:53:14,401 "When I heard Rubber Soul, 967 00:53:14,817 --> 00:53:19,447 I knew how good it could be pop albums ". 968 00:53:19,530 --> 00:53:22,575 They could be a whole artistic world. 969 00:53:22,658 --> 00:53:24,619 That's how good Rubber Soul was. 970 00:53:56,817 --> 00:53:59,696 Suddenly, John Lennon wrote letters like: 971 00:53:59,778 --> 00:54:02,657 "Did they tell you when she was young that the pain would lead to pleasure? 972 00:54:02,740 --> 00:54:04,492 Did you understand when they said 973 00:54:04,575 --> 00:54:07,328 that a man must kill himself to win his day off? 974 00:54:07,411 --> 00:54:09,664 Will you still believe it when he is dead? " 975 00:54:10,664 --> 00:54:13,376 And that, in a song titled" Girl ", that is," Girl ". 976 00:54:14,543 --> 00:54:16,546 Those are not pop song lyrics. 977 00:54:16,628 --> 00:54:21,384 That gave Rubber Soul a very different style. 978 00:54:41,153 --> 00:54:43,406 It was heard that they wrote songs 979 00:54:43,614 --> 00:54:46,576 as artists, not just as pop singers. 980 00:54:46,992 --> 00:54:48,578 There were songs like "The word ", 981 00:54:48,660 --> 00:54:51,623 which is an extraordinary song for 1965. 982 00:54:51,705 --> 00:54:54,209 " I gave the word, and the word is love. " 983 00:54:54,291 --> 00:54:56,878 This was two years before the Summer of Love. 984 00:54:56,960 --> 00:54:59,964 In Beatles for Sale they had no hope, but now there they were, 985 00:55:00,088 --> 00:55:02,717 looking for something that they had taken from another side. 986 00:55:03,801 --> 00:55:08,097 And just as Rubber Soul restored the musical superiority of the band, 987 00:55:08,180 --> 00:55:11,267 the four young radicals received official recognition i> 988 00:55:11,350 --> 00:55:12,977 of the English ruling class. 989 00:55:13,477 --> 00:55:15,396 They had already received the highest praise 990 00:55:15,479 --> 00:55:19,526 < i> from the world of entertainment, and, in October 1965, 991 00:55:19,608 --> 00:55:22,737 were invited to Buckingham Palace to meet the queen. < / i> 992 00:55:23,362 --> 00:55:25,156 There they would be consecrated members 993 00:55:25,239 --> 00:55:29,452 of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. 994 00:55:30,160 --> 00:55:33,790 This was one of the talents of the ruling class a long time ago. 995 00:55:33,872 --> 00:55:39,045 In fact, that's what those titles were about, the chivalry and those things. 996 00:55:39,127 --> 00:55:40,255 To a certain extent, 997 00:55:40,337 --> 00:55:42,924 had to accommodate the rebels. 998 00:55:43,006 --> 00:55:46,636 But it was at that precise moment that they , 999 00:55:46,718 --> 00:55:49,389 which were always transcendent musical influences, 1000 00:55:49,471 --> 00:55:53,142 became a conduit to transcendent US influences. 1001 00:55:53,225 --> 00:55:55,228 In the other areas that interested them. 1002 00:55:55,310 --> 00:55:58,231 Thousands were interested in in the Ginsberg's poetry. 1003 00:55:58,313 --> 00:56:01,901 Robert Fraser interested them in US pop artists, things like that. 1004 00:56:02,317 --> 00:56:03,820 They were citizens of the world. > 1005 00:56:03,902 --> 00:56:07,198 So it was more than appropriate that, at that precise moment, 1006 00:56:07,281 --> 00:56:09,617 the English ruling class said: i> 1007 00:56:09,700 --> 00:56:11,619 "They must come to Buckingham Palace 1008 00:56:11,702 --> 00:56:16,040 for us to certify them as members of the British Empire. " 1009 00:56:16,456 --> 00:56:18,084 John, did you already know the queen? 1010 00:56:18,166 --> 00:56:19,460 No, it was the first time. 1011 00:56:19,543 --> 00:56:22,005 p> 1012 00:56:22,087 --> 00:56:26,342 What did he think of you personally? Did he tell you? 1013 00:56:26,425 --> 00:56:27,927 No, whatever it is, he would not tell me. But he seemed kind to us. 1014 00:56:28,427 --> 00:56:30,096 It helped us to relax. 1015 00:56:30,178 --> 00:56:33,433 Now that you have achieved this, 1016 00:56:33,515 --> 00:56:35,476 do you think you are becoming part of the so-called leading class? 1017 00:56:36,268 --> 00:56:38,813 No, I do not feel different. 1018 00:56:38,896 --> 00:56:41,316 I feel the same as before. 1019 00:56:41,398 --> 00:56:44,402 - Same as before. - Same as before. 1020 00:56:44,484 --> 00:56:48,573 It implied recognizing that the pop world was already older. 1021 00:56:48,655 --> 00:56:51,492 They were the aristocracy of the pop world, 1022 00:56:51,950 --> 00:56:55,747 So, in a way, it was inevitable that I would be awarded 1023 00:56:55,829 --> 00:56:58,291 in the spirit of the new democracy. < / i> 1024 00:56:58,790 --> 00:57:01,711 But this also closed a chapter because, from that moment, 1025 00:57:01,793 --> 00:57:05,882 they did things their way , that was not the ruling class's. 1026 00:57:05,964 --> 00:57:09,135 In fact, it was the beginning of a period 1027 00:57:09,217 --> 00:57:13,431 of great antagonism with the leading class and pop culture, 1028 00:57:13,513 --> 00:57:16,017 and the Beatles, as always, 1029 00:57:16,099 --> 00:57:17,894 were at the center of that. 1030 00:57:18,852 --> 00:57:20,521 The position of the Beatles in the middle 1031 00:57:20,604 --> 00:57:22,607 of these new events of youth culture 1032 00:57:22,689 --> 00:57:25,860 was crucial for its evolution for the next two years. 1033 00:57:26,443 --> 00:57:28,279 Now that McCartney was affiliated... 1034 00:57:28,445 --> 00:57:29,445 MARIJUANA IS FUNNY 1035 00:57:29,529 --> 00:57:32,033 with the clandestine artistic world of London , 1036 00:57:32,115 --> 00:57:35,328 and that there were similar movements in New York and Los Angeles 1037 00:57:35,410 --> 00:57:37,330 that influenced to US musicians, 1038 00:57:37,412 --> 00:57:38,748 it was propitious for them to enter... 1039 00:57:38,830 --> 00:57:40,058 JOIN THE CLANDESTINE GENERATION 1040 00:57:40,082 --> 00:57:41,768 more radical ideas to conventional culture 1041 00:57:41,792 --> 00:57:44,587 And as these developed, a new drug > 1042 00:57:44,670 --> 00:57:46,923 and a new figure gained prominence 1043 00:57:47,005 --> 00:57:48,633 on both sides of the Atlantic. 1044 00:57:48,715 --> 00:57:50,969 The message is very simple. 1045 00:57:53,220 --> 00:57:54,597 Three words. 1046 00:57:55,847 --> 00:58:01,688 Connect, tune, let go. 1047 00:58:02,187 --> 00:58:06,526 The psychologist Timothy Leary had emerged in the USA. as a prominent spokesperson 1048 00:58:06,608 --> 00:58:09,654 of the hallucinogen LSD or acid. 1049 00:58:10,153 --> 00:58:11,990 I had done psychedelic experiments 1050 00:58:12,072 --> 00:58:14,951 at Harvard University since the early 60 1051 00:58:15,033 --> 00:58:18,830 and, with the early fundamental support of the poet Allen Ginsberg, 1052 00:58:18,912 --> 00:58:23,668 around 1965, he was becoming a great figure in the counterculture. 1053 00:58:23,750 --> 00:58:28,840 Tim Leary was a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist. 1054 00:58:28,922 --> 00:58:31,300 He said he had about seven doctorates. 1055 00:58:31,383 --> 00:58:33,511 He was a Harvard professor 1056 00:58:33,969 --> 00:58:39,142 who worked with psilocybin before using LSD 1057 00:58:39,224 --> 00:58:43,396 as a way to treat prisoners and to treat mental illness. 1058 00:58:43,854 --> 00:58:46,816 Leary was, to a large extent, part of the ruling class. 1059 00:58:46,898 --> 00:58:50,903 I would have worked beyond the normal lines of psychiatry. 1060 00:58:50,986 --> 00:58:53,114 But when he started taking all this, 1061 00:58:53,196 --> 00:58:57,452 he contacted his own self a cellular level 1062 00:58:57,534 --> 00:59:00,788 and understood that a lot of this were games and nonsense. 1063 00:59:01,163 --> 00:59:05,084 So he basically felt that this it was a spiritual key 1064 00:59:05,167 --> 00:59:08,004 that had been granted and that its message should 1065 00:59:08,086 --> 00:59:10,339 encourage others to detach from the ruling class 1066 00:59:10,422 --> 00:59:13,634 and to find themselves creatively or spiritually. 1067 00:59:14,426 --> 00:59:17,346 And the new members of the British Order, the Beatles, 1068 00:59:17,429 --> 00:59:20,058 they were on their way to let go of the ruling class 1069 00:59:20,140 --> 00:59:23,019 and to rediscover themselves by hallucinogens. 1070 00:59:23,101 --> 00:59:27,607 John Lennon and George Harrison met LSD in early 1965, 1071 00:59:28,315 --> 00:59:30,026 and Ringo Starr accompanied them 1072 00:59:30,108 --> 00:59:32,862 in his second experience with that drug that same year. 1073 00:59:33,695 --> 00:59:36,157 This, combined with the recent interest of McCartney 1074 00:59:36,239 --> 00:59:39,702 in experimental art thanks to his social circle in London, 1075 00:59:39,785 --> 00:59:41,829 made the band more commercial 1076 00:59:41,912 --> 00:59:44,832 was ready to take a very unexpected detour. 1077 00:59:45,123 --> 00:59:47,627 They wanted to discover who they were. 1078 00:59:48,126 --> 00:59:51,089 I think they no longer had a real sense of who they were. 1079 00:59:51,171 --> 00:59:54,175 So they took the pieces and put them back together . 1080 00:59:54,257 --> 00:59:58,596 How the hell did they understand the fish tank life they had been stuck in? 1081 00:59:59,137 --> 01:00:03,101 They had played at the Casbah in Liverpool, < In the Cavern, 1082 01:00:03,183 --> 01:00:05,686 had praised them all over the world 1083 01:00:05,769 --> 01:00:07,605 and they only saw their reflections, < / i> 1084 01:00:07,687 --> 01:00:09,607 people took parts of them 1085 01:00:09,689 --> 01:00:11,359 without really knowing who they were. 1086 01:00:11,441 --> 01:00:14,904 And I think that was the interaction of pop culture, 1087 01:00:14,986 --> 01:00:17,365 represented by the Beatles, with the counterculture, 1088 01:00:17,447 --> 01:00:19,492 that was increasingly confident. 1089 01:00:19,574 --> 01:00:22,161 And both began to unite forces... 1090 01:00:22,327 --> 01:00:23,327 LEGALICEN LA MARIHUANA 1091 01:00:23,370 --> 01:00:25,665 in London, in San Francisco.
They were igniting each other. 1092 01:00:26,414 --> 01:00:28,960 It was at the end of 1965 1093 01:00:29,042 --> 01:00:31,170 that McCartney took the skeptic Lennon 1094 01:00:31,253 --> 01:00:32,964 from his sanctuary in Surrey 1095 01:00:33,046 --> 01:00:35,758 and introduced him to the clandestine world of Miles 1096 01:00:35,841 --> 01:00:38,136 and the Indica Bookshop and Gallery. 1097 01:00:38,677 --> 01:00:42,306 One day, shortly after opening, Paul McCartney arrived with John Lennon. 1098 01:00:42,389 --> 01:00:45,143 I think it was the first time that John went to the place. 1099 01:00:45,225 --> 01:00:49,480 I was looking for a book by "Nitzske". 1100 01:00:49,855 --> 01:00:53,359 I did not know who he was talking about. 1101 01:00:53,441 --> 01:00:57,155 It took me half a minute to understand that he was talking about Nietzcshe. 1102 01:00:57,237 --> 01:01:00,449 And that time was enough for him to get upset 1103 01:01:00,532 --> 01:01:04,120 and believe that I was a middle-class student who lowered him . 1104 01:01:04,202 --> 01:01:07,582 Then, Paul had to assume his usual role and calm the waters. 1105 01:01:07,664 --> 01:01:09,625 "No, he studied art like you. 1106 01:01:09,708 --> 01:01:12,003 It's just that you do not know how to pronounce it! " 1107 01:01:12,085 --> 01:01:14,463 Meanwhile, I remember that the previous day 1108 01:01:14,546 --> 01:01:16,716 we had received a great package 1109 01:01:16,798 --> 01:01:19,051 from The Psychedelic Experience by Tim Leary. 1110 01:01:19,134 --> 01:01:21,470 John snuggled into the chair with him. 1111 01:01:21,553 --> 01:01:25,099 Literally, in Leary's introduction, before getting to the text, 1112 01:01:25,182 --> 01:01:27,768 says: "Turn off your mind, relax 1113 01:01:27,851 --> 01:01:30,813 and let yourself go with the flow ", or whatever the text 1114 01:01:30,896 --> 01:01:34,233 that finally appeared just a month later 1115 01:01:34,316 --> 01:01:35,776 in" Tomorrow never knows ". 1116 01:01:36,943 --> 01:01:39,822 This song would be the most innovative composition 1117 01:01:39,905 --> 01:01:41,866 of the band's career until then . 1118 01:01:42,324 --> 01:01:44,869 Next to Lennon's lyrics inspired by Leary, 1119 01:01:44,951 --> 01:01:48,247 McCartney's contributions > They were just as radical. 1120 01:01:49,164 --> 01:01:50,374 Having accompanied Miles 1121 01:01:50,498 --> 01:01:53,211 to many avant-garde electronic musical events , 1122 01:01:53,293 --> 01:01:55,713 The Beatle had started working enthusiast 1123 01:01:55,795 --> 01:01:58,049 on their own experimental compositions i> 1124 01:01:58,173 --> 01:02:00,384 repeating recordings. 1125 01:02:00,759 --> 01:02:02,678 When the Beatles came into the studio 1126 01:02:02,761 --> 01:02:05,014 to start producing "Tomorrow never knows", 1127 01:02:05,096 --> 01:02:08,893 George Martin suggested that McCartney take those compositions to the sessions. 1128 01:02:09,684 --> 01:02:11,479 Paul had produced many 1129 01:02:11,561 --> 01:02:14,482 < i> and took them to the studio in a plastic bag. 1130 01:02:14,564 --> 01:02:17,360 They accommodated the study with many different recorders 1131 01:02:17,442 --> 01:02:20,321 in different parts of the Abbey Road recording complex. 1132 01:02:20,403 --> 01:02:23,741 I was in a room with Peter Asher 1133 01:02:23,823 --> 01:02:26,410 and we were playing a long loop 1134 01:02:26,493 --> 01:02:29,872 which involved holding a jar of jam. 1135 01:02:29,955 --> 01:02:32,208 The loop ran through the jar, 1136 01:02:32,290 --> 01:02:34,460 iba to the playback head and it came back. 1137 01:02:34,542 --> 01:02:35,836 We had to keep it tense. 1138 01:02:35,919 --> 01:02:39,257 I think we were eight or ten in the building, 1139 01:02:39,339 --> 01:02:42,385 all standing holding < br /> pencils or jars of jam. 1140 01:02:42,467 --> 01:02:44,720 And all this information went to the plate. 1141 01:02:44,803 --> 01:02:47,139 Martin I was sitting there with the headphones. 1142 01:02:47,222 --> 01:02:51,018 Obviously, what he did was impossible to reproduce. 1143 01:02:51,101 --> 01:02:54,730 That was all. This was the teacher as soon as he pressed "Record". 1144 01:02:54,813 --> 01:02:58,109 When I heard the reproduction, the truth is that it was amazing. 1145 01:02:58,191 --> 01:03:01,070 I thought: "Holy God, this is the future." 1146 01:03:23,967 --> 01:03:25,845 The study was an instrument. 1147 01:03:26,219 --> 01:03:30,057 Once it had been just an almost invisible console 1148 01:03:30,140 --> 01:03:33,644 that was only there to absorb what was being played on the floor. 1149 01:03:33,727 --> 01:03:36,605 Now it was actually being used as an instrument. 1150 01:03:36,688 --> 01:03:39,608 And in a way it was more important than the instruments. 1151 01:03:46,781 --> 01:03:50,494 This was unprecedented, and another interesting thing < / i> 1152 01:03:50,785 --> 01:03:53,956 of "Tomorrow never knows" is that it was the first recording of Revolver. 1153 01:03:54,039 --> 01:03:58,336 It was made in April 1966. I mean, this is extraordinary. 1154 01:03:58,752 --> 01:04:02,715 "Tomorrow never knows" is, without a doubt, the most psychedelic song recorded 1155 01:04:02,797 --> 01:04:05,634 in that period. There's nothing like it. 1156 01:04:06,092 --> 01:04:09,680 The word "psychedelic" did not exist in popular jargon. < / i> 1157 01:04:09,763 --> 01:04:13,351 It was the title of a book that John had taken from the Indica Gallery. 1158 01:04:13,433 --> 01:04:16,520 This is undoubtedly the first psychedelic song in the world. 1159 01:04:16,603 --> 01:04:18,022 The interesting thing, of course, 1160 01:04:18,104 --> 01:04:20,524 is that the Beatles were the most commercial band, 1161 01:04:20,607 --> 01:04:22,443 but, to some extent, they were also 1162 01:04:22,525 --> 01:04:26,280 the most experimental band of all, which is very unusual. 1163 01:04:27,113 --> 01:04:29,367 That was clear when the disk that followed 1164 01:04:29,449 --> 01:04:34,121 to Rubber Soul, Revolver, was launched in August 1966. 1165 01:04:34,829 --> 01:04:36,624 Along with "Tomorrow never knows", 1166 01:04:36,706 --> 01:04:40,795 the songs of the album brimmed with invention and originality. 1167 01:04:40,877 --> 01:04:44,423 If Rubber Soul had suggested that pop music could be art, 1168 01:04:44,839 --> 01:04:46,926 Revolver confirmed it. 1169 01:04:47,008 --> 01:04:51,347 Revolver really was the breakthrough of the Beatles to the fifth dimension. 1170 01:04:51,429 --> 01:04:54,350 "She said: & apos; I know what it's like to be dead & apos;". 1171 01:04:54,432 --> 01:04:57,061 The Beatles, Lennon, sang about what it's like to be dead. 1172 01:04:57,143 --> 01:04:58,562 What the hell was going on? 1173 01:04:58,645 --> 01:05:00,356 They went out partying with The Byrds 1174 01:05:00,438 --> 01:05:02,691 i> 1175 01:05:02,982 --> 01:05:05,111 on the west coast and they consumed acid at that altitude. 1176 01:05:05,193 --> 01:05:08,447 Today we see a drugs as something negative 1177 01:05:08,530 --> 01:05:10,116 and you can go to prison for them, but, in the mid-60s, 1178 01:05:10,198 --> 01:05:12,827 They meant breaking the chains of the prison, 1179 01:05:12,909 --> 01:05:15,413 from this one single point of view who you were from. 1180 01:05:15,495 --> 01:05:17,706 And then there were perspectives, 1181 01:05:17,789 --> 01:05:21,085 and with Revolver you hear that, with the different production sounds... < / i> 1182 01:05:21,543 --> 01:05:24,422 everything was perspectives and altered states. 1183 01:05:25,004 --> 01:05:29,760 The idea was basically to turn rock into a legitimate form of art. < / i> 1184 01:05:29,843 --> 01:05:32,430 And I think they succeeded. A lot of what they tried, 1185 01:05:32,512 --> 01:05:35,683 from the coupling, /> the reverse tapes and the soldiers, 1186 01:05:35,765 --> 01:05:39,645 whatever they did, other bands from around the world were trying. 1187 01:05:39,727 --> 01:05:41,605 They were great leaders . 1188 01:05:42,105 --> 01:05:43,566 Brian Epstein was worried 1189 01:05:43,648 --> 01:05:46,360 to get ahead too much of their fans. 1190 01:05:46,443 --> 01:05:48,195 But they were very sensible, 1191 01:05:48,278 --> 01:05:50,906 < i> always wanted to bring their fans with them. 1192 01:05:50,989 --> 01:05:53,617 They did not want to become a kind of band 1193 01:05:53,700 --> 01:05:57,288 avant-garde and crazy /> to which only 150 people knew. 1194 01:05:58,079 --> 01:06:00,958 Epstein's fear that the band would start to lose 1195 01:06:01,040 --> 01:06:02,877 of your audience was unsustainable 1196 01:06:02,959 --> 01:06:04,628 regarding the musical contribution, 1197 01:06:04,711 --> 01:06:07,548 but it would be successful in terms of politics. 1198 01:06:08,214 --> 01:06:11,886 The Beatles' songs expressed a more complex world view, 1199 01:06:12,260 --> 01:06:15,723 with which the journalists started asking more serious questions. 1200 01:06:16,556 --> 01:06:19,101 In interviews for The Evening Standard... 1201 01:06:19,184 --> 01:06:20,728 HOW DOES A BEATLE LIVE? LENNON LIVES SO 1202 01:06:20,810 --> 01:06:24,315 they were individually asked what they thought about current issues. 1203 01:06:24,814 --> 01:06:27,193 Lennon's candid opinions about Christianity 1204 01:06:27,275 --> 01:06:30,279 did not generate controversies when they were published in England, 1205 01:06:30,361 --> 01:06:32,406 but, when they were reprinted in the USA, > 1206 01:06:32,489 --> 01:06:35,701 the first scandal in the history of the Beatles emerged, 1207 01:06:35,783 --> 01:06:38,829 and a particular event He instantly became infamous: 1208 01:06:39,245 --> 01:06:40,789 "We are more popular than Jesus." 1209 01:06:40,914 --> 01:06:42,154 JESUS DIED FOR YOU, JOHN LENNON 1210 01:06:42,248 --> 01:06:44,710 It was the first time to John Lennon 1211 01:06:44,792 --> 01:06:48,005 they asked him questions about his life and his philosophy. 1212 01:06:48,087 --> 01:06:50,841 And it just happened without... 1213 01:06:50,924 --> 01:06:55,429 But a few months later, all those teen magazines... 1214 01:06:56,387 --> 01:06:59,517 printed that of: "We are bigger than Jesus", 1215 01:06:59,599 --> 01:07:01,727 which caused many problems. 1216 01:07:01,809 --> 01:07:03,562 Many problems. 1217 01:07:04,354 --> 01:07:09,610 There were death threats, and people burned or broke discs, < / i> 1218 01:07:09,692 --> 01:07:13,239 there was the Ku Klux Klan, concerts were canceled. 1219 01:07:13,696 --> 01:07:17,117 It was very unpleasant for everyone. 1220 01:07:17,200 --> 01:07:20,037 I originally referred to that 1221 01:07:20,119 --> 01:07:21,830 about England, 1222 01:07:21,913 --> 01:07:25,125 where, for children, we had more importance than Jesus 1223 01:07:25,208 --> 01:07:27,461 or that the religion back then. 1224 01:07:27,544 --> 01:07:31,423 I did not want to lower it or throw it down. I just said it. It's a fact. 1225 01:07:31,506 --> 01:07:34,802 Lennon's phrase "The Beatles we're more popular than Jesus" 1226 01:07:34,884 --> 01:07:38,597 was something that even I, as a child, understood what did he mean? 1227 01:07:39,138 --> 01:07:40,933 That is, he did not say... 1228 01:07:41,015 --> 01:07:43,686 As he said in his "apology", so to speak. 1229 01:07:43,768 --> 01:07:48,440 "I did not say we're better than Jesus. I did not say it was good or bad. 1230 01:07:48,523 --> 01:07:49,775 Only it's true." 1231 01:07:49,857 --> 01:07:52,361 And for me it was totally true. < It was unquestionable. 1232 01:07:52,443 --> 01:07:53,821 The response was very negative. 1233 01:07:53,903 --> 01:07:55,030 GO HOME, BEATLES 1234 01:07:55,280 --> 01:07:56,590 KEEP COMMUNISM /> OUTSIDE THE USA. 1235 01:07:56,614 --> 01:07:59,535 I made you notice some of the flaws of the US culture. 1236 01:07:59,617 --> 01:08:02,788 Or it made you notice once again that what might seem like 1237 01:08:02,870 --> 01:08:05,124 a unified culture was not really so. < / i> 1238 01:08:05,206 --> 01:08:08,210 And it was hard. You know, it was scary. 1239 01:08:09,085 --> 01:08:14,174 These failures of the US society They came from early 60s, 1240 01:08:14,257 --> 01:08:16,969 and, while the civil rights campaigns for racial equality 1241 01:08:17,051 --> 01:08:20,347 had exposed these divisions at the beginning of the decade, 1242 01:08:20,805 --> 01:08:25,144 by the mid-1960s, there was no more pressing or polarizing issue 1243 01:08:25,226 --> 01:08:26,353 > 1244 01:08:27,228 --> 01:08:30,733 that the Vietnam War. 1245 01:08:30,815 --> 01:08:33,277 Since the USA The conflict began in 1962, 1246 01:08:33,359 --> 01:08:36,947 and organized protests both in the US as in Europe. 1247 01:08:37,614 --> 01:08:40,701 The clandestine movement that McCartney participated in 1248 01:08:40,783 --> 01:08:45,289 had emerged from the pacifist movement /> of the United Kingdom of the early 60 1249 01:08:45,371 --> 01:08:48,167 and, by the time it happened the US tour. of 1966, 1250 01:08:48,249 --> 01:08:52,171 both he and his companions were intimately opposed to the war. 1251 01:08:52,712 --> 01:08:56,550 While traveling through USA, already facing a controversy, 1252 01:08:56,924 --> 01:09:00,220 the always honest Liverpool band returned to be the target of criticism 1253 01:09:00,303 --> 01:09:03,557 when they left more than clear their position before the press. 1254 01:09:04,432 --> 01:09:07,936 In 1966, the war without a doubt > 1255 01:09:08,019 --> 01:09:11,231 had more weight than the Beatles in the heads of the Americans. 1256 01:09:12,106 --> 01:09:14,401 In 1966, the war broke out. 1257 01:09:14,484 --> 01:09:19,448 In 1966, the number of recruits more than doubled in the country. 1258 01:09:19,530 --> 01:09:20,908 Also in the year 1966 1259 01:09:20,990 --> 01:09:24,119 the war became terrible in Vietnam itself. 1260 01:09:24,202 --> 01:09:27,456 Every time it was a more and more serious problem < / i> 1261 01:09:27,538 --> 01:09:29,291 There was more and more destruction. 1262 01:09:29,749 --> 01:09:33,337 At the peak of the US participation in Vietnam, 1263 01:09:33,920 --> 01:09:37,091 had 550,000 troops in that country. 1264 01:09:37,590 --> 01:09:39,468 They are many young people. 1265 01:09:39,759 --> 01:09:42,054 In USA a recruitment was made. 1266 01:09:42,261 --> 01:09:45,933 The war had come to the country in a terrible way. 1267 01:09:46,224 --> 01:09:48,769 It was a matter that had nothing abstract about it. i> 1268 01:09:49,060 --> 01:09:53,357 And it was expected that youth representatives, such as the Beatles, 1269 01:09:53,690 --> 01:09:55,567 members of the young culture, 1270 01:09:55,650 --> 01:09:58,696 would speak at respect. 1271 01:09:58,778 --> 01:10:00,531 I think they were always successful 1272 01:10:00,613 --> 01:10:03,075 because they were frank, direct, sincere 1273 01:10:03,157 --> 01:10:04,451 and that kind of thing. 1274 01:10:04,534 --> 01:10:06,161 Is it a bit difficult for 1275 01:10:06,244 --> 01:10:08,455 people to criticize them for that? 1276 01:10:10,039 --> 01:10:11,417 Yes, Richard. 1277 01:10:11,499 --> 01:10:14,211 - It costs us a lot. - It costs us. 1278 01:10:14,293 --> 01:10:15,879 But, freedom of expression. 1279 01:10:15,962 --> 01:10:18,257 But can you say what you always think? 1280 01:10:18,339 --> 01:10:21,468 What about teenagers of 14 years who think they are wonderful 1281 01:10:21,551 --> 01:10:22,803 and they would not tolerate being hurt? 1282 01:10:23,302 --> 01:10:25,931 When we say something like that, we do not say it, 1283 01:10:26,013 --> 01:10:29,852 how older people seem to think, to be offensive . 1284 01:10:29,934 --> 01:10:32,187 We say it to help, do you understand? 1285 01:10:32,270 --> 01:10:34,732 And if what we say is wrong, well, it's wrong. 1286 01:10:34,814 --> 01:10:37,401 People can say that we're wrong about that. 1287 01:10:37,650 --> 01:10:39,653 But, in many cases, we think it's okay. 1288 01:10:39,736 --> 01:10:41,405 We're very serious about it. 1289 01:10:41,904 --> 01:10:43,782 Does it bother you to ask them questions? 1290 01:10:43,865 --> 01:10:46,577 For example, in the US, they are asked about Vietnam. 1291 01:10:46,659 --> 01:10:48,787 - Do you find them useful? < br /> - I do not know. 1292 01:10:48,870 --> 01:10:53,208 If you can say that war does not work, and someone believes you, maybe it's good. 1293 01:10:53,291 --> 01:10:55,335 But you can not tell much . 1294 01:10:55,418 --> 01:10:58,630 It seems silly to me to be in the US and that none mention Vietnam, 1295 01:10:58,713 --> 01:10:59,923 As if nothing happened. 1296 01:11:00,423 --> 01:11:02,843 They were the first band to talk about politics, 1297 01:11:02,925 --> 01:11:06,054 about Vietnam, < br /> on many social issues. 1298 01:11:06,137 --> 01:11:09,057 And although Dylan came a little earlier, 1299 01:11:09,140 --> 01:11:12,811 as far as I know, he never publicly opposed 1300 01:11:12,894 --> 01:11:14,480 to the Vietnam War. 1301 01:11:14,562 --> 01:11:16,774 So the Beatles were perhaps the first, < / i> 1302 01:11:16,898 --> 01:11:18,984 as they were a known band. 1303 01:11:19,066 --> 01:11:20,819 It cost them a lot. 1304 01:11:20,902 --> 01:11:24,323 teenage girls in the south, in the Midwest, 1305 01:11:24,864 --> 01:11:26,909 who did not like The Beatles. 1306 01:11:26,991 --> 01:11:29,119 I think the Beatles they are very talented, 1307 01:11:29,202 --> 01:11:30,788 but they should take care of what they say 1308 01:11:30,870 --> 01:11:35,000 Because they have such a position that many teenagers 1309 01:11:35,166 --> 01:11:37,336 consider them very important. 1310 01:11:37,418 --> 01:11:38,837 When they say things like that, 1311 01:11:38,920 --> 01:11:41,632 some teenagers will believe whatever they say. 1312 01:11:42,048 --> 01:11:45,219 In 1965, the Beatles were loved all over the world. 1313 01:11:45,301 --> 01:11:46,720 Nobody did not like them. 1314 01:11:46,803 --> 01:11:49,932 They were wonderful, funny, 1315 01:11:50,014 --> 01:11:53,560 creative and harmless. 1316 01:11:55,186 --> 01:11:58,398 As they got involved more in the counterculture 1317 01:11:58,481 --> 01:11:59,900 and they were representing it more, 1318 01:11:59,982 --> 01:12:02,945 they lost that love to a great extent. 1319 01:12:03,027 --> 01:12:07,282 They helped mobilize many people who would not otherwise have accepted 1320 01:12:07,365 --> 01:12:10,452 the things that happened in 66, 67 and 68. 1321 01:12:10,660 --> 01:12:15,249 Without a doubt, they were inspiring and influential in that sense. 1322 01:12:15,706 --> 01:12:17,501 But they also lost a lot of people. 1323 01:12:18,042 --> 01:12:23,257 They became part of what a lot, a lot of people in the US, 1324 01:12:23,339 --> 01:12:26,009 probably most of the US, 1325 01:12:27,009 --> 01:12:29,847 considered a worrying... 1326 01:12:31,514 --> 01:12:33,350 loss of values and ethics. 1327 01:12:33,975 --> 01:12:37,062 And a political threat. 1328 01:12:38,062 --> 01:12:39,815 And just at that moment, 1329 01:12:39,897 --> 01:12:43,068 The Beatles left to function as a traditional band. 1330 01:12:43,568 --> 01:12:45,445 When they returned from the US, 1331 01:12:45,528 --> 01:12:48,198 announced that they would stop playing live 1332 01:12:48,281 --> 01:12:52,202 and that their final tour show in the US /> It would be his last paid concert. 1333 01:12:52,743 --> 01:12:55,372 And then, the most photographed celebrities in the world 1334 01:12:55,454 --> 01:12:58,876 they just disappeared completely from the public stage. 1335 01:12:59,750 --> 01:13:01,920 - Hello! Can we talk? - Yes. 1336 01:13:02,670 --> 01:13:04,756 Will the Beatles separate in 1967? 1337 01:13:04,839 --> 01:13:05,839 EMI RECORDING STUDIES 1338 01:13:06,173 --> 01:13:08,802 We can split up or stay together. 1339 01:13:08,885 --> 01:13:11,388 We always have a deal, whatever we do. 1340 01:13:11,762 --> 01:13:15,267 Do you think it's possible that in the future you do not work more together? 1341 01:13:15,808 --> 01:13:18,270 Maybe we might not work together for a while, 1342 01:13:18,352 --> 01:13:20,772 but we would always get together for one reason or another. 1343 01:13:20,855 --> 01:13:24,276 Other people are needed to generate ideas, 1344 01:13:24,358 --> 01:13:27,362 you know, and we get along very well. 1345 01:13:28,070 --> 01:13:30,157 Rumors of a separation were circulating. 1346 01:13:30,698 --> 01:13:34,202 But far from the public light, the four young people worked hard 1347 01:13:34,285 --> 01:13:36,622 in its most ambitious production so far. 1348 01:13:37,330 --> 01:13:41,126 The audience would have to wait for months until the Beatles reappeared i> 1349 01:13:41,208 --> 01:13:44,463 and, when they finally did in February of 1967, 1350 01:13:44,545 --> 01:13:49,384 both their image and their sound
had undergone a surprising change. 1351 01:13:50,051 --> 01:13:52,179 Originally, "Strawberry fields" was thought of 1352 01:13:52,261 --> 01:13:54,598 as part of sessions by Sgt. Pepper. 1353 01:13:54,889 --> 01:13:58,226 But the press kept asking: "Did the Beatles end? 1354 01:13:58,309 --> 01:14:01,188 They disappeared. They ran out of ideas ", 1355 01:14:01,270 --> 01:14:05,442 without knowing they were working on one of their greatest achievements. 1356 01:14:05,983 --> 01:14:09,321 And for me obviously, it was not unexpected 1357 01:14:09,403 --> 01:14:11,531 because I was in some of the sessions. 1358 01:14:11,906 --> 01:14:14,993 But I think the public took it by surprise. 1359 01:14:29,757 --> 01:14:32,177 "Strawberry fields forever " it was original, again. 1360 01:14:32,259 --> 01:14:34,554 The Beatles had become rare. 1361 01:14:34,637 --> 01:14:36,473 That was what people felt, basically. 1362 01:14:36,555 --> 01:14:38,976 What's wrong? It's... 1363 01:14:39,642 --> 01:14:43,313 "Let me take you down 'Cause I'm going to Strawberry Fields." 1364 01:14:43,396 --> 01:14:46,650 The voice did not look like Lennon's.
> It's because they slowed down the voice. 1365 01:14:47,024 --> 01:14:51,071 Nothing sounded normal on that record. In the whole production. 1366 01:14:51,153 --> 01:14:53,991 It was all in the air, everything was put on effect. 1367 01:14:54,281 --> 01:14:56,618 And there was also a video, that was made at that time, 1368 01:14:56,701 --> 01:15:00,497 filmed in Sevenoaks or I do not know where, that was most strange. 1369 01:15:00,788 --> 01:15:04,084 Ringo seemed disembodied. They fell out of the trees. 1370 01:15:04,709 --> 01:15:06,294 There was nothing like that. 1371 01:15:27,940 --> 01:15:29,985 I had more in common with Salvador Dalí, 1372 01:15:30,067 --> 01:15:32,237 the surrealists and Dadaism. 1373 01:15:32,319 --> 01:15:35,741 They were ideas very presumptuous art style, 1374 01:15:36,032 --> 01:15:41,204 that once was a domain mainly from the educated elite. 1375 01:15:41,537 --> 01:15:44,166 But now the Beatles took it all over the world. 1376 01:15:44,707 --> 01:15:49,629 The short video of "Strawberry fields" " it had a seismic impact 1377 01:15:49,712 --> 01:15:52,507 because it showed that they had traveled a distance. 1378 01:15:53,132 --> 01:15:56,803 I felt it was , in a way, my duty 1379 01:15:56,886 --> 01:16:01,141 travel at that time as a young person who believed in them. 1380 01:16:01,223 --> 01:16:05,937 It was like saying: "Gosh, well, this is what I am asked to do". 1381 01:16:06,020 --> 01:16:08,273 p> 1382 01:16:08,355 --> 01:16:11,151 It was not just saying: "They look good". 1383 01:16:11,734 --> 01:16:15,113 Rather it was saying: "Alright, this is the way". 1384 01:16:15,821 --> 01:16:20,243 And that road became even clearer as the year progressed. 1385 01:16:20,326 --> 01:16:23,663 Towards the end of 1967, the counterculture gained momentum, 1386 01:16:23,746 --> 01:16:26,500 i> 1387 01:16:26,582 --> 01:16:29,419 and large numbers of young people gravitated to their new mecca, 1388 01:16:29,502 --> 01:16:32,172 Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco. 1389 01:16:32,254 --> 01:16:33,590 Here was developing a strong musical scene, 1390 01:16:33,672 --> 01:16:37,302 and the word was spreading of a new phenomenon: the hippies. 1391 01:16:37,384 --> 01:16:40,639 In the United Kingdom, it spread the influence of the counterculture, 1392 01:16:40,721 --> 01:16:43,350 that had its own newspaper, The International Times, 1393 01:16:43,432 --> 01:16:45,268 a club live music, UFO, 1394 01:16:45,434 --> 01:16:47,437 and rising stars Pink Floyd 1395 01:16:47,686 --> 01:16:49,815 and American Jimi Hendrix. > 1396 01:16:49,897 --> 01:16:54,027 In this flourishing scenario of peace, love and psychedelic drugs, 1397 01:16:54,110 --> 01:16:56,905 came the most ambitious work of the Beatles until then, 1398 01:16:56,987 --> 01:17:00,492 that would not only capture the essence of this new sensibility, 1399 01:17:00,783 --> 01:17:04,079 but it would also transform once again the record industry. 1400 01:17:04,620 --> 01:17:07,249 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. 1401 01:17:07,331 --> 01:17:09,376 Presented as a work of art, 1402 01:17:09,458 --> 01:17:12,712 with a unique concept that unified the album as a whole, 1403 01:17:12,795 --> 01:17:15,465 this album announced the end of the era 1404 01:17:15,548 --> 01:17:17,926 of the pop song and the band traditional pop. 1405 01:17:18,008 --> 01:17:21,805 Sgt. Pepper revolutionized the record industry. 1406 01:17:21,929 --> 01:17:25,684 Suddenly, the albums sold as much as the singles. 1407 01:17:26,100 --> 01:17:28,562 Sgt. Pepper sold millions of copies. 1408 01:17:28,769 --> 01:17:33,108 In strictly commercial terms, it was a revolutionary release. 1409 01:17:33,274 --> 01:17:38,363 But it was also revolutionary as it let the industry know 1410 01:17:38,988 --> 01:17:40,615 precisely what it could sell. 1411 01:17:40,698 --> 01:17:43,076 It could be reversed 1412 01:17:43,200 --> 01:17:47,330 in the best artistic minds of a generation 1413 01:17:47,413 --> 01:17:50,917 and give them the freedom to do their own art, i> 1414 01:17:51,208 --> 01:17:55,213 package it into a disk and sell it to millions. 1415 01:17:55,713 --> 01:17:58,300 Paul had an idea: 1416 01:17:58,549 --> 01:18:02,137 "We no longer want to be the four types of the bowl cut, the Fab Four. 1417 01:18:02,219 --> 01:18:05,307 So we created a new name. We will be a different group. 1418 01:18:05,389 --> 01:18:07,350 We will be free to do whatever we want. " 1419 01:18:07,641 --> 01:18:10,061 That's the basic concept. < The songs... 1420 01:18:10,895 --> 01:18:14,191 Many of those songs could have been on other albums. 1421 01:18:14,273 --> 01:18:16,818 They were not specific to that particular album. 1422 01:18:17,193 --> 01:18:19,321 But the influence it had was amazing. 1423 01:18:19,403 --> 01:18:21,198 The Beatles had a lot of power . 1424 01:18:21,280 --> 01:18:24,492 They had even seriously affected the Stones by then. 1425 01:18:24,575 --> 01:18:27,370 Everyone had to deal with them . They were like a barrier. 1426 01:18:27,453 --> 01:18:31,541 If you were in the music industry, you had to deal with this big obstacle 1427 01:18:31,624 --> 01:18:33,793 and get around it the best what could you do. 1428 01:18:55,606 --> 01:18:57,901 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart Club's Band, 1429 01:18:57,983 --> 01:19:00,111 that is, the title itself 1430 01:19:00,194 --> 01:19:04,115 was a work of art and something that confused people. 1431 01:19:04,823 --> 01:19:06,201 Peter Blake did the cover, 1432 01:19:06,283 --> 01:19:08,578 and he was the father of English pop art. 1433 01:19:08,869 --> 01:19:11,122 Everything related to Sgt. Pepper was an enigma. 1434 01:19:11,205 --> 01:19:14,417 The fact that they pretended not to be the Beatles, < / i> 1435 01:19:14,500 --> 01:19:15,877 but another band. 1436 01:19:15,960 --> 01:19:18,213 The beat closed at the end of side two. 1437 01:19:18,295 --> 01:19:20,882 "Lucy in the sky with diamonds". Sure, LSD. 1438 01:19:21,215 --> 01:19:23,760 There were secret messages from beginning to end. p> 1439 01:19:24,760 --> 01:19:26,263 It was like a literary work. 1440 01:19:26,345 --> 01:19:28,723 It was like Ulysses or something, people thought: 1441 01:19:28,806 --> 01:19:32,269 "I do not understand Well this, but you sure have something. " 1442 01:19:33,602 --> 01:19:37,357 This combination of imagination and mystery proved irresistible. 1443 01:19:37,606 --> 01:19:39,901 With Sgt. Pepper, the Beatles went 1444 01:19:39,984 --> 01:19:43,738 from being icons of pop culture to being mystics of the modern era. 1445 01:19:44,571 --> 01:19:47,033 When the Beatles appeared with their new song, 1446 01:19:47,116 --> 01:19:49,661 people started to consider these guys 1447 01:19:49,743 --> 01:19:53,540 they were people you go to in search of meaning. 1448 01:19:53,914 --> 01:19:57,544 By 1967, I think the release of Sgt. Pepper in the USA. UU. 1449 01:19:57,626 --> 01:20:01,256 Basically consolidated the Beatles as the leaders of the counterculture, 1450 01:20:01,338 --> 01:20:04,884 along with a few more, like Allen Ginsberg and Timothy Leary. 1451 01:20:04,967 --> 01:20:08,596 But the Beatles were the musical leaders. 1452 01:20:08,679 --> 01:20:12,642 They looked at them universally as... Yes, as gods. 1453 01:20:12,725 --> 01:20:15,937 Leary himself said many silly things about them, 1454 01:20:16,020 --> 01:20:19,941 they were a new kind of superheroes, male leaders and things like that. 1455 01:20:20,441 --> 01:20:22,527 I'm not convinced 1456 01:20:22,609 --> 01:20:24,696 that the youth culture of the mid 1960s 1457 01:20:24,778 --> 01:20:29,117 was very much aware of the LSD, by Timothy Leary 1458 01:20:29,199 --> 01:20:31,995 i> 1459 01:20:32,077 --> 01:20:36,958 and even the attitudes of the counterculture. 1460 01:20:37,875 --> 01:20:42,714 If it had not been for the conduit that they were the Beatles, 1461 01:20:42,796 --> 01:20:47,177 this kind of thing would have been relegated to San Francisco, to California. 1462 01:20:47,259 --> 01:20:48,636 The counterculture was not called "clandestine" by nothing. 1463 01:20:49,803 --> 01:20:53,558 Not many people knew her. 1464 01:20:53,640 --> 01:20:56,019 But the Beatles were determined to spread the word even more. 1465 01:20:56,101 --> 01:20:58,646 less than a month after launching Sgt. Pepper & apos; s, 1466 01:20:58,729 --> 01:21:01,232 the band was invited to represent England < / i> 1467 01:21:01,357 --> 01:21:05,278 in the first international broadcast of satellite television. 1468 01:21:05,903 --> 01:21:07,989 Across the US, Canada and Europe, 1469 01:21:08,322 --> 01:21:10,617 the youthful optimism of the counterculture 1470 01:21:10,699 --> 01:21:13,620 was reaching its maximum during the Summer of Love, 1471 01:21:13,702 --> 01:21:16,498 and thousands of people flocking to large public events. 1472 01:21:16,872 --> 01:21:19,834 With their historical contribution to the One World broadcast, 1473 01:21:20,292 --> 01:21:22,837 The Beatles sang the final anthem of the scene 1474 01:21:23,295 --> 01:21:27,342 before an audience of more than 500 million worldwide. 1475 01:21:27,925 --> 01:21:29,594 The Beatles, as expected, 1476 01:21:29,676 --> 01:21:32,389 national representatives representing their country, 1477 01:21:32,805 --> 01:21:34,474 they start with the national anthem. 1478 01:21:34,556 --> 01:21:37,936 But the problem is that it's the French national anthem! 1479 01:21:38,352 --> 01:21:41,481 It's a classic. It's the typical humor of The Beatles. 1480 01:22:06,046 --> 01:22:09,175 It was fun. I was there. It was like a party. 1481 01:22:09,258 --> 01:22:10,927 They had invited many friends, 1482 01:22:11,009 --> 01:22:12,971 to The Small Faces and the Rolling Stones, 1483 01:22:13,053 --> 01:22:15,974 and we were all there, with our elegant psychedelic clothes. 1484 01:22:16,056 --> 01:22:17,267 There sitting on the floor, 1485 01:22:17,349 --> 01:22:19,811 it seemed that everything could explode at some point. 1486 01:22:19,893 --> 01:22:22,689 And people waved their arms like crazy, 1487 01:22:22,771 --> 01:22:24,566 ran here and there, 1488 01:22:25,274 --> 01:22:27,652 with your headphones and talking to other people. 1489 01:22:27,734 --> 01:22:30,071 That had to do with the international connection, 1490 01:22:30,154 --> 01:22:31,739 because nobody had done that before. 1491 01:22:31,822 --> 01:22:34,534 It was actually broadcast live all over the world. 1492 01:22:34,616 --> 01:22:35,660 It was fantastic. 1493 01:22:54,344 --> 01:22:58,766 This was only weeks after the launch of Sgt. Pepper. 1494 01:22:58,849 --> 01:23:03,646 Any other band would have chosen to use that moment 1495 01:23:04,313 --> 01:23:07,400 to promote Sgt. Pepper by playing some songs from there. 1496 01:23:07,483 --> 01:23:09,819 No? It made a lot of sense from the commercial. 1497 01:23:10,694 --> 01:23:15,783 But they took advantage to send a message to the world: 1498 01:23:16,074 --> 01:23:18,411 The only thing you need is love. 1499 01:23:18,911 --> 01:23:22,290 They were already saying it in Rubber Soul: the word is "love". 1500 01:23:22,372 --> 01:23:26,711 But this time they were able to tell the whole world at the same time. 1501 01:23:26,793 --> 01:23:30,089 The Beatles clearly marked the way. 1502 01:23:30,172 --> 01:23:32,258 I think it's very significant the idea 1503 01:23:32,341 --> 01:23:35,553 that they were sitting in those high chairs, 1504 01:23:35,636 --> 01:23:38,973 with the beautiful people of London, including Mick Jagger, 1505 01:23:39,389 --> 01:23:42,310 sitting at their feet, watching them 1506 01:23:42,392 --> 01:23:45,271 and singing a song < you just heard it. 1507 01:23:45,687 --> 01:23:47,023 It's something powerful. 1508 01:23:47,814 --> 01:23:50,193 "All you need is love" was a hymn of hope 1509 01:23:50,275 --> 01:23:54,364 of a youth movement convinced that the old order would crumble. 1510 01:23:54,446 --> 01:23:57,033 The Beatles were driving a whole generation 1511 01:23:57,115 --> 01:23:58,451 into unknown territory, 1512 01:23:59,117 --> 01:24:01,287 but the ruling class would not take long 1513 01:24:01,370 --> 01:24:03,998 to respond to those peaceful revolutionaries. 1514 01:24:04,706 --> 01:24:08,878 In the United Kingdom, mobilized the police, who started drug raids 1515 01:24:08,961 --> 01:24:12,048 and arrested not only important figures from the underground world, 1516 01:24:12,130 --> 01:24:14,759 but also to Mick Jagger, Keith Richards 1517 01:24:14,841 --> 01:24:17,220 and, later, Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones . 1518 01:24:17,678 --> 01:24:21,558 These cases of great media coverage did not worry Paul McCartney. 1519 01:24:22,057 --> 01:24:25,687 After the arrests, paid an advertisement for the national press, 1520 01:24:25,769 --> 01:24:28,898 where he also put his name, that asked to legalize marijuana. 1521 01:24:28,981 --> 01:24:31,292 THE LAW AGAINST MARIJUANA IS IMMORAL IN PRINCIPLE AND INVISIBLE IN PRACTICE 1522 01:24:31,316 --> 01:24:34,571 Weeks later, he admitted to a journalist that he had consumed LSD 1523 01:24:34,653 --> 01:24:36,948 and repeated it in a television interview, 1524 01:24:37,030 --> 01:24:39,576 which surprised Brian Epstein a lot . 1525 01:24:39,658 --> 01:24:42,328 Brian did not like it make things public. 1526 01:24:42,411 --> 01:24:47,333 He was a very private person, obviously, because of his lifestyle. 1527 01:24:47,416 --> 01:24:51,254 The problem with drugs is that it was not... 1528 01:24:52,921 --> 01:24:57,760 that they were good or bad. It was just that they were illegal. 1529 01:24:57,843 --> 01:25:00,638 Paul, how many times did you consume LSD? 1530 01:25:02,639 --> 01:25:04,183 About four times. 1531 01:25:04,891 --> 01:25:06,394 Where did you get it? 1532 01:25:06,935 --> 01:25:11,858 If I said where I got it... I mean, it's illegal. It would be silly to say it. 1533 01:25:12,232 --> 01:25:16,154 Do not you think this is a question that you should have kept private? 1534 01:25:16,903 --> 01:25:20,950 The thing is that a newspaper asked me a question 1535 01:25:22,284 --> 01:25:25,288 and the decision was to tell a lie 1536 01:25:25,370 --> 01:25:28,666 or tell him the truth. 1537 01:25:30,042 --> 01:25:31,794 I decided to tell him the truth. 1538 01:25:33,503 --> 01:25:36,424 But, really, I did not want to say anything. 1539 01:25:36,506 --> 01:25:39,844 If I could have decided, if I had done what I wanted, 1540 01:25:39,926 --> 01:25:42,096 I would not have told anyone. 1541 01:25:42,179 --> 01:25:44,849 Because I do not try to spread the word about this. 1542 01:25:45,515 --> 01:25:49,687 But the man in the newspaper is the man in the mass media. 1543 01:25:49,770 --> 01:25:54,651 I'll keep it private if he does too, if he does not say anything. 1544 01:25:55,484 --> 01:25:56,736 But he wanted to spread it. 1545 01:25:56,818 --> 01:26:00,281 So the responsibility is his for spreading it, not mine. 1546 01:26:01,114 --> 01:26:02,742 Paul is always sincere. 1547 01:26:02,824 --> 01:26:05,078 If you were asked if you had consumed LSD, 1548 01:26:05,160 --> 01:26:06,996 he would say yes. I would not lie. 1549 01:26:07,079 --> 01:26:08,498 Why should I do it? 1550 01:26:08,580 --> 01:26:11,000 If they ask that, they get an honest answer. 1551 01:26:11,083 --> 01:26:13,336 It was risky for him to say something like that. 1552 01:26:13,418 --> 01:26:17,006 Surely it made Brian Epstein very angry . 1553 01:26:17,673 --> 01:26:21,928 But basically, even though the Beatles had made a lot of money, 1554 01:26:22,010 --> 01:26:24,013 they were never interested in the money itself. 1555 01:26:24,096 --> 01:26:27,100 Once they had enough to live well, it was over. 1556 01:26:27,182 --> 01:26:29,102 i> 1557 01:26:29,184 --> 01:26:32,188 They paid their taxes and said what they wanted. 1558 01:26:32,938 --> 01:26:36,693 The Beatles' sense of security was going to be tested. 1559 01:26:36,775 --> 01:26:39,654 At the end of August, the band received the shocking news 1560 01:26:39,736 --> 01:26:44,325 that Brian Epstein had died, his agent, his most reliable accomplice. 1561 01:26:44,783 --> 01:26:48,871 In his absence, suddenly they were without their stabilizing influence. 1562 01:26:51,373 --> 01:26:55,878 At the same time, he continued his search for personal and spiritual growth. 1563 01:26:56,545 --> 01:27:00,925 George Harrison had been fascinated with Indian music in 1965 1564 01:27:01,341 --> 01:27:03,636 and, as you stepped into those techniques, 1565 01:27:03,719 --> 01:27:07,432 they were attracting you more and more your foundations spiritual. 1566 01:27:08,348 --> 01:27:12,687 This led him to discover the Indian guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 1567 01:27:12,769 --> 01:27:15,231 and his technique of transcendental meditation. > 1568 01:27:15,772 --> 01:27:20,987 In mid-1967, Harrison presented the Maharishi's ideas to the band, 1569 01:27:21,319 --> 01:27:24,031 and soon the Beatles /> They had a new spiritual advisor. 1570 01:27:27,242 --> 01:27:28,745 When they met him, 1571 01:27:28,827 --> 01:27:32,832 I wrote to Allen Ginsberg to know what I knew about Maharishi in India, 1572 01:27:32,914 --> 01:27:35,126 because Ginsberg had lived there for a few years 1573 01:27:35,208 --> 01:27:39,464 and knew many gurus and teachers. 1574 01:27:39,755 --> 01:27:43,217 He replied saying that the Maharishi was very commercial 1575 01:27:43,300 --> 01:27:46,471 and that he was the target of much criticism in India 1576 01:27:46,553 --> 01:27:48,347 for accepting money from the disciples, 1577 01:27:48,430 --> 01:27:50,808 because in reality the teaching should be free. 1578 01:27:50,891 --> 01:27:55,229 So I told this to John Lennon, who responded with the wonderful phrase: 1579 01:27:55,645 --> 01:27:59,567 "No ethnic miserable is going to get golden castles for me. " 1580 01:28:00,984 --> 01:28:02,820 Despite their initial reservations, 1581 01:28:03,236 --> 01:28:06,365 in February 1968, Lennon and his companions 1582 01:28:06,448 --> 01:28:09,285 traveled to India for an extended retreat with the guru. 1583 01:28:10,368 --> 01:28:13,122 They were accompanied by their girlfriends and wives , 1584 01:28:13,205 --> 01:28:15,666 and his departure in search of spiritual realization 1585 01:28:15,749 --> 01:28:17,001 was world news. 1586 01:28:17,959 --> 01:28:20,004 The press swarmed around the perimeter 1587 01:28:20,086 --> 01:28:22,548 of the five-hectare complex of Maharishi, 1588 01:28:22,631 --> 01:28:25,468 intrigued and in turn stunned by the latest chapter 1589 01:28:25,550 --> 01:28:27,678 of the unpredictable journey of the Beatles. 1590 01:28:27,761 --> 01:28:30,640 This exhibition caught the attention of a large audience 1591 01:28:30,722 --> 01:28:32,809 towards the religion of the East. 1592 01:28:32,891 --> 01:28:36,604 At some point in January, it was sudden: 1593 01:28:36,686 --> 01:28:39,232 "Well, we're going with the Maharishi 1594 01:28:39,314 --> 01:28:41,776 to live in a holiday camp in India." 1595 01:28:42,484 --> 01:28:44,695 "Ah, Have fun. " 1596 01:28:45,695 --> 01:28:47,907 But they wrote a lot of songs 1597 01:28:47,989 --> 01:28:50,868 while they were there, they produced them a lot. < / i> 1598 01:28:50,951 --> 01:28:54,038 The Beatles showed the world, and especially the young world, 1599 01:28:54,162 --> 01:28:56,999 things that I would never have known 1600 01:28:57,082 --> 01:28:58,543 if they had not existed. 1601 01:28:58,625 --> 01:28:59,752 Philosophy 1602 01:28:59,835 --> 01:29:02,755 behind transcendental meditation, < br /> Buddhism... 1603 01:29:02,838 --> 01:29:05,007 They looked out. 1604 01:29:05,090 --> 01:29:08,594 Meditation was the center.
It was, in fact, all that mattered. 1605 01:29:08,677 --> 01:29:11,556 It's the soul. The reality is here. 1606 01:29:11,638 --> 01:29:13,933 Not many people had thought about it before. 1607 01:29:14,015 --> 01:29:16,477 And if the Beatles, the most popular band of the world, 1608 01:29:16,560 --> 01:29:18,896 the most popular cultural phenomenon in the world, 1609 01:29:18,979 --> 01:29:22,108 they were serious about these things, 1610 01:29:22,482 --> 01:29:25,778 obviously, like many adults could laugh, 1611 01:29:25,861 --> 01:29:28,447 at least many young people agreed. 1612 01:29:28,530 --> 01:29:31,742 And the sales of Eastern wisdom 1613 01:29:31,825 --> 01:29:34,078 texts soared in the late 1960s. < / i> 1614 01:29:34,160 --> 01:29:36,247 People were going in a flock to see the Maharishi. 1615 01:29:36,329 --> 01:29:40,042 The Beatles were like a portal to another world. 1616 01:29:41,084 --> 01:29:45,047 Although the band came back from India revitalized spiritually and creatively, 1617 01:29:45,797 --> 01:29:48,342 this feeling of calm It would last very little. 1618 01:29:48,925 --> 01:29:53,264 In February 1968, they founded their own corporation, Apple. 1619 01:29:53,930 --> 01:29:58,060 This company multifaceted was developed to expand the activities of the band 1620 01:29:58,143 --> 01:30:00,688 and to maintain full control of what they produced. 1621 01:30:01,104 --> 01:30:05,151 Even so, it would be the first of many overly ambitious projects . 1622 01:30:06,026 --> 01:30:10,156 When they entered the studio in the summer to work on their next album, 1623 01:30:10,238 --> 01:30:13,242 for the first time there was creative and personal disputes 1624 01:30:13,325 --> 01:30:15,328 in the recording sessions. 1625 01:30:16,036 --> 01:30:18,831 A particular source of tension
was the constant presence 1626 01:30:18,914 --> 01:30:21,751 of an intruder in the sanctuary of the Beatles, 1627 01:30:21,833 --> 01:30:24,420 the conceptual artist Yoko Ono, 1628 01:30:24,502 --> 01:30:26,881 who John Lennon had fallen in love with. 1629 01:30:27,505 --> 01:30:31,552 It was a relationship that was /> more than a year growing up in private. 1630 01:30:32,177 --> 01:30:36,098 While McCartney had gained confidence with his clandestine activities, 1631 01:30:36,181 --> 01:30:39,852 Lennon's sense of isolation in the rural area had increased . 1632 01:30:40,602 --> 01:30:43,105 At first, the LSD had been liberating, 1633 01:30:43,188 --> 01:30:46,567 but it was Yoko Ono
who offered her a way to escape. 1634 01:30:47,150 --> 01:30:50,029 She was a little known artist when she traveled to London 1635 01:30:50,111 --> 01:30:52,823 with her husband Tony Cox in 1966, 1636 01:30:53,156 --> 01:30:57,119 and it was through the Indica Gallery that she came into contact with Lennon. 1637 01:30:57,202 --> 01:30:59,747 Its owner, John Dunbar, provided the space 1638 01:30:59,829 --> 01:31:02,083 for the first exhibition of Ono in the UK, 1639 01:31:02,165 --> 01:31:06,379 and it was he who invited his friend Beatle to this unusual show. 1640 01:31:07,003 --> 01:31:09,924 Clearly, she was a interesting and powerful woman. 1641 01:31:10,256 --> 01:31:14,387 I did not exhibit ordinary pictures on the walls. 1642 01:31:14,719 --> 01:31:18,557 So she had some good ideas, and I liked them. 1643 01:31:18,640 --> 01:31:20,059 I wanted to make a sample. 1644 01:31:20,141 --> 01:31:25,064 We were able to find two weeks in which we had nothing planned. < / i> 1645 01:31:25,146 --> 01:31:27,733 Yoko did not want anyone to see it 1646 01:31:27,816 --> 01:31:31,070 until she had finished and tagged everything. 1647 01:31:31,152 --> 01:31:33,197 i> 1648 01:31:33,655 --> 01:31:37,284 So we did that. 1649 01:31:37,534 --> 01:31:40,788 But Tony and I had to tell him: 1650 01:31:41,037 --> 01:31:44,542 He came and really liked 1651 01:31:44,624 --> 01:31:47,878 the ladder, and then, if you saw through the magnifying glass, 1652 01:31:47,961 --> 01:31:49,880 said: " Yes, "so he liked that. 1653 01:31:50,422 --> 01:31:53,426 The relationship that developed over the next two years 1654 01:31:53,508 --> 01:31:56,220 would be consummated in May 1968, 1655 01:31:56,302 --> 01:31:59,348 just before the Beatles started with their new album. 1656 01:31:59,639 --> 01:32:01,892 Lennon emerged as a new man, 1657 01:32:01,975 --> 01:32:05,938 free from an unhappy marriage and released as an artist. 1658 01:32:06,021 --> 01:32:08,482 The arrival of Yoko Ono to the life of John 1659 01:32:08,565 --> 01:32:11,152 transformed it completely. 1660 01:32:11,484 --> 01:32:14,739 She was the mother, lover and teacher. 1661 01:32:14,821 --> 01:32:17,950 It was more or less everything for John. He needed that. 1662 01:32:18,033 --> 01:32:20,870 When she met Yoko, she was a mother figure. 1663 01:32:20,952 --> 01:32:22,288 He used to say "mother". 1664 01:32:22,412 --> 01:32:24,957 She, for her own reasons, took care of him 1665 01:32:25,040 --> 01:32:26,250 and saved him. 1666 01:32:33,798 --> 01:32:36,427 The presence of Ono caused an impact on both Lennon 1667 01:32:36,509 --> 01:32:38,345 and on the link between the Beatles, 1668 01:32:38,428 --> 01:32:41,307 while the world outside of the band started to get dark. 1669 01:32:42,849 --> 01:32:45,770 As the Vietnam War got out of control 1670 01:32:45,852 --> 01:32:48,314 > 1671 01:32:48,396 --> 01:32:52,109 and it seemed that the conflict would have no end, 1672 01:32:52,192 --> 01:32:54,695 throughout the West, the cultural movement so inspired by the Beatles 1673 01:32:56,029 --> 01:32:58,657 The progressive and liberal core of the counterculture 1674 01:32:58,740 --> 01:33:01,077 was the target of many attacks, with the murders 1675 01:33:01,159 --> 01:33:03,662 of the civil rights leader Martin Luther King 1676 01:33:03,745 --> 01:33:06,123 and then of the candidate for president Robert Kennedy, 1677 01:33:06,206 --> 01:33:07,666 which increased the tensions. 1678 01:33:08,625 --> 01:33:10,044 In the USA. and in England, 1679 01:33:10,126 --> 01:33:13,255 the previously peaceful demonstrations were plunged into violence. 1680 01:33:14,172 --> 01:33:16,884 Student revolts they stopped Paris completely, 1681 01:33:16,966 --> 01:33:18,803 and the images of street fights 1682 01:33:18,885 --> 01:33:21,222 and police brutality they became something normal. 1683 01:33:22,680 --> 01:33:26,018 While the authorities rushed mercilessly against the counterculture, 1684 01:33:26,101 --> 01:33:29,814 the revolution replaced love as a new goal. 1685 01:33:30,438 --> 01:33:32,775 In 1968, everything exploded. 1686 01:33:32,857 --> 01:33:37,738 There were murders in the US, the threat of a civil war, 1687 01:33:37,821 --> 01:33:40,491 riots in the Democratic Convention, in Paris, 1688 01:33:40,573 --> 01:33:44,203 in London, violence in the streets. 1689 01:33:44,285 --> 01:33:46,831 In fact, there was a kind of struggle. 1690 01:33:46,913 --> 01:33:49,375 Power is not achieved just like that, does not filter down. 1691 01:33:49,457 --> 01:33:50,876 In a way, you have to... 1692 01:33:52,127 --> 01:33:53,170 force it. 1693 01:33:53,253 --> 01:33:55,714 If you look at the story, that is usually the case. 1694 01:33:56,131 --> 01:34:00,219 The Beatles' revolution was benign, by art and love, 1695 01:34:00,301 --> 01:34:03,597 but, towards 1968, everything was falling apart. 1696 01:34:03,888 --> 01:34:09,812 It was not the sweet utopian style of the Summer of Love, 1697 01:34:10,145 --> 01:34:12,481 but rather it was a day of anger. 1698 01:34:12,564 --> 01:34:17,778 < i> The demonstrations at the Democratic Convention in Chicago in 1968 1699 01:34:18,361 --> 01:34:20,698 were a kind of dividing line. 1700 01:34:21,489 --> 01:34:24,034 You saw the police pummeling children 1701 01:34:24,117 --> 01:34:28,247 and, truth be told, one felt: "It seems we are at war". 1702 01:34:28,913 --> 01:34:34,503 While the unleashed brutality police advanced through Chicago in August 1968, 1703 01:34:34,586 --> 01:34:36,355 The Beatles launched the single "Revolution"... 1704 01:34:36,379 --> 01:34:37,690 SIDE ONE, HEY JUDE SIDE TWO, REVOLUTION 1705 01:34:37,714 --> 01:34:40,259 about the difficulties of a threatened young culture 1706 01:34:40,800 --> 01:34:43,971 But unlike of "All you need is love", from the previous year, 1707 01:34:44,053 --> 01:34:45,514 John Lennon's composition 1708 01:34:45,597 --> 01:34:48,434 refused to express the voice of this disillusioned movement 1709 01:34:48,600 --> 01:34:51,812 and accept the call to arms on the left radical. 1710 01:34:51,895 --> 01:34:56,734 For the first time, the Beatles were rejected by their own peers. 1711 01:34:56,816 --> 01:34:58,986 But the reluctance from Lennon to violence, 1712 01:34:59,068 --> 01:35:01,822 for which there were two different versions of the song, 1713 01:35:01,905 --> 01:35:06,827 also reflected the internal struggles with which many young people struggled. 1714 01:35:06,910 --> 01:35:09,788 The song "Revolution" has two versions. 1715 01:35:10,121 --> 01:35:13,167 Lennon says again and again: "Do not count on me" 1716 01:35:13,249 --> 01:35:15,586 as far as the revolution is concerned. 1717 01:35:15,668 --> 01:35:19,256 It was difficult to know which position exactly each one should adopt. 1718 01:35:19,339 --> 01:35:21,467 All the young people felt that. 1719 01:35:21,549 --> 01:35:24,178 You know, go to a protest? Yes, of course. 1720 01:35:24,802 --> 01:35:28,807 Go to a protest that maybe /> Occupy a building? It can be. 1721 01:35:29,307 --> 01:35:31,644 You know, set fire to the building? 1722 01:35:33,686 --> 01:35:35,022 Is that where you say enough? 1723 01:36:12,517 --> 01:36:14,353 "If you talk about destruction." .. 1724 01:36:14,435 --> 01:36:17,648 Lennon said not to tell it. And then he said they would tell him. 1725 01:36:17,981 --> 01:36:21,819 He does not know. At that point, he's undecided. 1726 01:36:22,068 --> 01:36:24,530 Lennon, just as he was a bit skilful, 1727 01:36:24,612 --> 01:36:27,741 felt seduced by this idea of peace and love. 1728 01:36:27,824 --> 01:36:30,452 He had just written the hymn of the previous year. 1729 01:36:30,743 --> 01:36:33,414 The Beatles always had a kind 1730 01:36:33,496 --> 01:36:34,873 of inherent optimism , 1731 01:36:34,956 --> 01:36:37,126 that was not the case with Dylan, 1732 01:36:37,208 --> 01:36:40,754 nor was it the case with the Stones. 1733 01:36:40,837 --> 01:36:43,173 They were almost like Martin Luther King. 1734 01:36:43,256 --> 01:36:46,468 Now nobody says it, but, in a way, 1735 01:36:46,551 --> 01:36:49,638 a lot of blacks 1736 01:36:49,721 --> 01:36:51,765 radicals that appeared to be rather something of the moment. 1737 01:36:52,390 --> 01:36:57,479 Dr. King seemed to be part of the class Protestant leader. 1738 01:36:58,062 --> 01:37:01,317 And in a way, the Beatles seemed to be too. 1739 01:37:02,150 --> 01:37:04,653 If the band was losing part of its importance 1740 01:37:04,736 --> 01:37:07,573 as a cultural force, by the influence of Yoko Ono, 1741 01:37:07,655 --> 01:37:11,327 John Lennon made sure they were still 1742 01:37:11,409 --> 01:37:14,538 as musical pioneers. While "Revolution" had been content in the political , 1743 01:37:14,620 --> 01:37:17,916 an experimental collage that Lennon created with his new partner 1744 01:37:17,999 --> 01:37:22,212 captured the chaos of 1968 /> only with sound. 1745 01:37:22,795 --> 01:37:25,382 When the band released their namesake vinyl 1746 01:37:25,465 --> 01:37:28,260 at the end of the year, the song "Revolution 9" 1747 01:37:28,343 --> 01:37:32,181 became the most heard avant-garde composition in history. 1748 01:37:33,431 --> 01:37:36,435 It was a striking statement of a man who had preached 1749 01:37:36,517 --> 01:37:39,313 the Summer of Love just one year before. 1750 01:37:39,812 --> 01:37:42,608 He went from one extreme to the other. 1751 01:37:42,982 --> 01:37:45,736 Suddenly, Lennon understood that everything had gone wrong. 1752 01:37:45,818 --> 01:37:47,654 He went to the other side, 1753 01:37:47,737 --> 01:37:50,699 and the other side was "Revolution 9", 1754 01:37:50,782 --> 01:37:57,664 that it was a panorama very, very different from the future. 1755 01:38:07,465 --> 01:38:10,511 "Revolution 9" was the sound 1756 01:38:10,593 --> 01:38:14,681 not only of the riots in Paris or on the streets of Chicago, 1757 01:38:14,764 --> 01:38:17,142 but it was the sound of the apocalypse. 1758 01:38:43,876 --> 01:38:48,173 This is your incredibly frank representation 1759 01:38:48,256 --> 01:38:50,926 of the greatest fear of all, 1760 01:38:51,008 --> 01:38:56,014 which is a society and a world mired in global chaos. 1761 01:38:56,097 --> 01:38:57,724 p> 1762 01:38:57,807 --> 01:39:01,395 It's an extraordinary piece 1763 01:39:01,477 --> 01:39:03,188 and one of the most frightening musical works you could hear. 1764 01:39:03,521 --> 01:39:08,777 "Revolution 9" is much more relevant than it was in 1968. 1765 01:39:09,986 --> 01:39:13,782 After presenting the most extreme composition of the Beatles catalog, 1766 01:39:13,865 --> 01:39:16,577 i> 1767 01:39:16,701 --> 01:39:18,245 Lennon performed his next experimental activities 1768 01:39:18,327 --> 01:39:20,289 out of the band. 1769 01:39:20,371 --> 01:39:23,667 Towards the end of 1968, 1770 01:39:23,749 --> 01:39:27,296 launched the first of a trilogy of albums with Yoko Ono, 1771 01:39:27,587 --> 01:39:31,467 Two Virgins, with a cover showing the couple naked. 1772 01:39:31,757 --> 01:39:34,428 Lennon, who was still a member of the most popular group and commercially successful, 1773 01:39:34,594 --> 01:39:35,471 was now breaking all the rules imaginable. 1774 01:39:35,553 --> 01:39:39,099 But the anger of some sectors of the counterculture towards "Revolution" 1775 01:39:39,223 --> 01:39:41,810 also gave it a greater political role. 1776 01:39:42,268 --> 01:39:47,399 In 1969, Richard Nixon took as the new US president, 1777 01:39:47,482 --> 01:39:49,818 and John Lennon and Yoko Ono emerged 1778 01:39:49,901 --> 01:39:52,613 as the most important activists in the world. 1779 01:39:53,362 --> 01:39:54,948 When Lennon came out to say: 1780 01:39:55,031 --> 01:39:57,659 "If they talk about destruction, do not count on me", 1781 01:39:57,742 --> 01:40:01,330 was criticized very much by the far left. 1782 01:40:01,412 --> 01:40:04,291 And it seems to me that his reaction to that 1783 01:40:04,373 --> 01:40:07,336 was not to change his mind about the destruction, 1784 01:40:07,418 --> 01:40:09,379 but rather say: 1785 01:40:09,462 --> 01:40:12,799 "No, I really do not think that the destruction is the answer. 1786 01:40:12,882 --> 01:40:15,219 I think that, in reality, the answer is peace." 1787 01:40:15,676 --> 01:40:19,848 In March 1969, John Lennon and Yoko Ono got married. 1788 01:40:20,348 --> 01:40:24,770 On their honeymoon, the couple undertook a media campaign for peace, 1789 01:40:24,852 --> 01:40:28,440 presented as a series of conceptual art events. 1790 01:40:29,065 --> 01:40:32,110 In consonance with the initial attitude of the band with the press, 1791 01:40:32,193 --> 01:40:35,656 the first of these events took place in their honeymoon suite, < / i> 1792 01:40:35,738 --> 01:40:40,536 in which they invited journalists to speak frankly about politics. 1793 01:40:40,618 --> 01:40:42,371 This is for world peace. 1794 01:40:42,745 --> 01:40:47,876 And we thought that, instead of going out to fight 1795 01:40:47,959 --> 01:40:52,089 and make war, something like that, we should better stay in bed, 1796 01:40:52,171 --> 01:40:55,717 everyone should stay in bed and enjoy spring. 1797 01:40:55,967 --> 01:40:57,844 There he risked his career for his beliefs. 1798 01:40:57,969 --> 01:40:59,263 PEACE IN HAIR PEACE IN BED 1799 01:40:59,345 --> 01:41:01,890 And you have to applaud him for that, of course. 1800 01:41:01,973 --> 01:41:05,936 It caused him a lot of harassment and a lot of problems. 1801 01:41:06,394 --> 01:41:09,022 When they're in bed and they give press conferences 1802 01:41:09,146 --> 01:41:10,983 dressed in pillow cases, 1803 01:41:11,065 --> 01:41:13,402 - do they laugh at us? - No. 1804 01:41:13,484 --> 01:41:15,195 No more than you of us. 1805 01:41:15,278 --> 01:41:17,322 We laugh, we find it funny 1806 01:41:17,405 --> 01:41:20,826 that the front-page news is about 1807 01:41:20,908 --> 01:41:23,412 that a couple lie on their moon of honey. 1808 01:41:23,494 --> 01:41:25,122 We see him funny. 1809 01:41:25,204 --> 01:41:28,000 And that in Vienna, which is a rather old-fashioned place, 1810 01:41:28,708 --> 01:41:33,589 there are beautiful photos of microphones before a bag, 1811 01:41:33,671 --> 01:41:35,299 waiting for the bag speak. 1812 01:41:35,381 --> 01:41:36,508 It's nice. 1813 01:41:36,591 --> 01:41:39,469 But we're serious about about peace. 1814 01:41:39,552 --> 01:41:42,848 Brave, imprudent, they were all that. 1815 01:41:42,972 --> 01:41:44,808 But who else would have done it? 1816 01:41:45,224 --> 01:41:49,771 It would be front-page news if they were in bed talking about peace. 1817 01:41:49,854 --> 01:41:52,608 John did not necessarily know the details 1818 01:41:52,690 --> 01:41:54,109 of the Vietnam issue. 1819 01:41:54,525 --> 01:41:59,615 He and Yoko they knew it was wrong to throw napalm over the villages 1820 01:41:59,697 --> 01:42:01,950 and to skin the children. 1821 01:42:02,033 --> 01:42:06,955 In that he was not wrong. Really, he was not wrong. 1822 01:42:08,581 --> 01:42:11,460 When the honeymoon went from Europe to Canada, 1823 01:42:11,709 --> 01:42:14,338 the couple was visited by Timothy Leary, i> 1824 01:42:14,420 --> 01:42:17,424 Allen Ginsberg and a variety of counterculture figures 1825 01:42:17,506 --> 01:42:20,010 to record a hymn for your campaign. 1826 01:42:20,551 --> 01:42:22,387 i> 1827 01:42:22,470 --> 01:42:25,641 And while their experimental discs 1828 01:42:25,723 --> 01:42:29,269 and their public appearances have confused many, 1829 01:42:29,352 --> 01:42:32,064 this song managed to transmit its message to a global audience. 1830 01:42:32,146 --> 01:42:36,485 "Give peace a chance" was its intent > 1831 01:42:36,567 --> 01:42:39,196 to do something on its own terms that was really useful, 1832 01:42:39,612 --> 01:42:42,199 and I think it turned out to be. 1833 01:42:42,573 --> 01:42:45,619 but one that has a good heart and a good message 1834 01:42:45,701 --> 01:42:47,954 and that people sing since then. 1835 01:43:25,991 --> 01:43:27,869 It moved away more and more 1836 01:43:27,952 --> 01:43:29,830 from the elegant combination 1837 01:43:29,912 --> 01:43:35,085 of musical artistic decisions and resonant texts 1838 01:43:35,167 --> 01:43:39,506 and went into discs that only had a message. 1839 01:43:39,839 --> 01:43:43,135 Had the ability to synthesize something 1840 01:43:43,217 --> 01:43:46,221 to its pure essence, to make it communicative, 1841 01:43:46,303 --> 01:43:50,100 to make it unforgettable, and that continues to resonate today. 1842 01:43:51,267 --> 01:43:54,271 While Lennon continued to campaign for peace, 1843 01:43:54,353 --> 01:43:58,567 the end of the decade witnessed lower youth movements than ever, i> 1844 01:43:58,649 --> 01:44:01,111 like the death of the Rolling Stone Brian Jones 1845 01:44:01,193 --> 01:44:02,738 and permanent drug damage 1846 01:44:02,820 --> 01:44:06,950 < i> Brian Wilson, Beach Boys, and Syd Barrett, Pink Floyd. 1847 01:44:07,366 --> 01:44:10,287 The utopian vision of a new world was falling apart , 1848 01:44:10,828 --> 01:44:13,874 and this was reflected within the Beatles themselves. 1849 01:44:14,665 --> 01:44:17,335 The tensions that before
had emerged in the studio 1850 01:44:17,418 --> 01:44:20,630 now extended to the relationships between the members of the band. 1851 01:44:21,338 --> 01:44:25,385 And when McCartney married with Linda Eastman in 1969, 1852 01:44:25,468 --> 01:44:28,430 none of his bandmates attended the ceremony. 1853 01:44:29,013 --> 01:44:31,600 While the world was advancing towards the 1970s, 1854 01:44:31,682 --> 01:44:34,060 Paul released his first solo album 1855 01:44:34,143 --> 01:44:35,687 along with a press release 1856 01:44:35,770 --> 01:44:38,190 announcing that he was leaving the band. 1857 01:44:38,731 --> 01:44:41,902 It was official. The Beatles no longer existed. 1858 01:44:42,651 --> 01:44:45,447 The dissolution of the band shocked all the fans, 1859 01:44:45,863 --> 01:44:49,409 but those close to the musicians had seen them move away little by little 1860 01:44:49,533 --> 01:44:51,411 over a period of two years. 1861 01:44:52,286 --> 01:44:53,371 There was no cohesion. 1862 01:44:53,621 --> 01:44:56,416 The old Liverpool bubble < in which they used to live, 1863 01:44:56,499 --> 01:44:58,752 see themselves constantly, love each other 1864 01:44:58,834 --> 01:45:02,589 and tolerate the manias of others /> and their differences, everything broke. 1865 01:45:02,671 --> 01:45:04,966 So now they took different directions, 1866 01:45:05,049 --> 01:45:09,638 with new ideas, new families, new brides, new children. 1867 01:45:09,720 --> 01:45:12,224 It did not work anymore, that's all. It was obvious 1868 01:45:12,306 --> 01:45:15,644 that the Beatles as a group had come to an end. 1869 01:45:16,018 --> 01:45:19,105 i> 1870 01:45:19,313 --> 01:45:21,566 Did a billionaire showbiz group 1871 01:45:22,525 --> 01:45:24,361 ever break up because... 1872 01:45:25,569 --> 01:45:29,074 no longer fun? 1873 01:45:29,406 --> 01:45:31,660 In fact, we know, because many groups of that period 1874 01:45:31,742 --> 01:45:34,329 followed, followed and followed 1875 01:45:34,620 --> 01:45:38,917 > 1876 01:45:39,250 --> 01:45:41,545 when it was certainly no fun. 1877 01:45:41,627 --> 01:45:43,588 The Beatles ended because the reasons that had led them to start 1878 01:45:44,171 --> 01:45:48,885 I can not think of another statement about its integrity, 1879 01:45:48,968 --> 01:45:53,306 its intentions and its values stronger than that. 1880 01:45:54,682 --> 01:45:58,186 After the step of the Beatles, the young culture became more divided, 1881 01:45:58,269 --> 01:46:00,939 rock music became heavier and self-indulgent, 1882 01:46:01,021 --> 01:46:03,233 and the pop turned attention to glamor. 1883 01:46:03,732 --> 01:46:05,360 As for the boys, 1884 01:46:05,442 --> 01:46:09,114 < i> despite continued activism and Lennon's string of successes, 1885 01:46:09,405 --> 01:46:12,367 McCartney's overall triumph with his band Wings 1886 01:46:12,449 --> 01:46:15,996 and Harrison's successful outcrop as an artist with his own name, 1887 01:46:16,287 --> 01:46:18,999 his impact as individuals is never would equal 1888 01:46:19,081 --> 01:46:20,834 to his days as a Beatles. 1889 01:46:21,375 --> 01:46:24,671 But even though his utopian vision could not materialize, 1890 01:46:25,170 --> 01:46:28,925 the world changed forever thanks to the innovations of the Beatles 1891 01:46:29,008 --> 01:46:30,510 and the values they represented. 1892 01:46:31,343 --> 01:46:33,930 Even if nobody has been able to compete with that impact, 1893 01:46:34,847 --> 01:46:37,392 with each successive generation of musicians, 1894 01:46:37,808 --> 01:46:39,811 The Beatles are still the parameter 1895 01:46:39,894 --> 01:46:43,440 of how popular artists can interact with the world. 1896 01:46:44,064 --> 01:46:48,737 < i> The cultural and musical changes, with which they undoubtedly 1897 01:46:48,819 --> 01:46:51,698 contributed more than anyone, had a permanent effect i> 1898 01:46:51,780 --> 01:46:54,409 how do you think about yourself rock? 1899 01:46:54,825 --> 01:46:58,371 Yes, a permanent effect on how rock perceives itself. 1900 01:46:58,454 --> 01:47:02,792 Even now, in this era of flamboyant pop, 1901 01:47:02,875 --> 01:47:06,546 pop stars consider it an option, 1902 01:47:06,962 --> 01:47:10,342 who can accept or reject, 1903 01:47:10,883 --> 01:47:15,055 being aware, controversial... 1904 01:47:16,388 --> 01:47:19,142 Some choose one thing, others they deny it 1905 01:47:19,224 --> 01:47:21,144 and others are extremely insipid, 1906 01:47:22,102 --> 01:47:24,356 but the possibility is. 1907 01:47:24,897 --> 01:47:27,484 It's always there, for everyone. 1908 01:47:28,233 --> 01:47:30,320 Just as the incredible achievements of the band 1909 01:47:30,402 --> 01:47:33,448 continue to make an impact half a century later, 1910 01:47:33,906 --> 01:47:36,785 the legacy of the Beatles and the extraordinary decade 1911 01:47:36,867 --> 01:47:39,704 where they flourished is still unmatched. 1912 01:47:40,704 --> 01:47:43,917 The unique story of four working class youths in Liverpool > 1913 01:47:44,124 --> 01:47:45,460 that changed the world. 1914 01:47:46,085 --> 01:47:51,007 Lennon said something like: "We were not leaders of this world. > 1915 01:47:51,090 --> 01:47:55,845 We were just the mast types who were screaming: & '; Earth in sight! & apos; 1916 01:47:56,011 --> 01:47:59,015 Just we counted what we saw. " 1917 01:47:59,473 --> 01:48:03,603 And without the Beatles, understand the 1960s 1918 01:48:04,019 --> 01:48:06,523 would have been completely different. 1919 01:48:06,814 --> 01:48:10,443 They had an effect on everything. The Beatles covered everything. 1920 01:48:10,526 --> 01:48:14,197 If you want to know what the 60s were about,
listen to the Beatles albums. 1921 01:48:14,655 --> 01:48:17,242 They tell you... The story is there. 1922 01:48:18,200 --> 01:48:20,495 It seems like a cliché, but it's impossible 1923 01:48:20,577 --> 01:48:22,664 to exaggerate the impact of the Beatles. 1924 01:48:22,746 --> 01:48:26,209 It seems that one exaggerates, and the young people who did not live it 1925 01:48:26,667 --> 01:48:29,504 seems ridiculous. 1926 01:48:30,212 --> 01:48:32,674 But it was true. They changed everything.