1 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:20,000 Visit www.Fastbet99.club Trusted Secure Online Gambling Agents 1 00: 01: 14,157 -> 00: 01: 15,579 - It's more than just a symbol. 2 00:01:15,580 --> 00:01:18,911 This is actually from our own creation. 3 00:01:25,877 --> 00:01:27,971 It's true that you can only explore 4 00:01:27,972 --> 00:01:32,091 the solar system for the first time once. 5 00:01:32,092 --> 00:01:33,301 Voyager does that. 6 00:01:36,221 --> 00:01:38,431 - How can it be so lucky? 7 00:01:38,432 --> 00:01:40,935 This is a dream and it comes true. 8 00:01:44,521 --> 00:01:45,896 - 50 years from now, 9 00:01:45,897 --> 00:01:49,108 Voyager will be a science project 10 00:01:49,109 --> 00:01:50,985 20th century. 11 00:01:50,986 --> 00:01:51,828 Mission. 12 00:01:51,829 --> 00:01:52,867 Great mission. 13 00:01:57,826 --> 00:01:59,499 - We don't imagine big enough 14 00:01:59,500 --> 00:02:01,954 and that opens our eyes to the world, 15 00:02:01,955 --> 00:02:03,080 to the real world 16 00:02:17,846 --> 00:02:20,725 - Is a worldly experience to fly past it 17 00:02:20,726 --> 00:02:23,064 small small space and space. 18 00:02:23,065 --> 00:02:24,649 It's amazing that we 19 00:02:24,650 --> 00:02:26,113 is able to pull it. 20 00:02:32,861 --> 00:02:33,908 - Oh come on now 21 00:02:33,909 --> 00:02:36,908 - We create artificially intelligent outer space planes 22 00:02:36,909 --> 00:02:38,866 that we are cast into space. 23 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:45,127 - This may be in the long run 24 00:02:45,128 --> 00:02:48,125 the only proof that we ever existed. 25 00:02:48,126 --> 00:02:49,673 If you know something 26 00:02:49,674 --> 00:02:51,295 You are working on it, 27 00:02:51,296 --> 00:02:53,924 You treat it with great respect. 28 00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:56,928 - Take what you think you know 29 00:02:56,929 --> 00:02:59,720 and have it just spin 30 00:02:59,721 --> 00:03:03,724 and you are in one universe in one moment, 31 00:03:03,725 --> 00:03:06,444 You are in the universe that is completely different next. 32 00:03:07,771 --> 00:03:11,071 ♫ I 'm wishing on a star ♫ 33 00:03:12,818 --> 00:03:16,288 ♫ To follow where you are ♫ 34 00:03:18,073 --> 00:03:21,498 ♫ I 'm wishing on a dream ♫ 35 00:03:23,370 --> 00:03:26,874 ♫ To follow what it means ♫ 36 00:03:28,709 --> 00:03:31,752 ♫ And I wish on all the rainbows ♫ 37 00:03:31,753 --> 00:03:33,796 ♫ That I see ♫ 38 00:03:33,797 --> 00:03:35,640 - When just announced 39 00:03:35,641 --> 00:03:38,222 Voyager One is an interstellar space 40 00:03:38,223 --> 00:03:40,141 Like humans just 41 00:03:40,142 --> 00:03:43,013 to be an interstellar species. 42 00:03:43,014 --> 00:03:46,314 It feels like knocking on the door of eternity. 43 00:03:47,269 --> 00:03:49,021 - Voyager is on the other side of the solar system 44 00:03:49,022 --> 00:03:50,521 and billions and billions 45 00:03:50,522 --> 00:03:53,822 miles of artificial objects other closest humans. 46 00:03:53,823 --> 00:03:57,027 ♫ But Darwin knew it would be ♫ 47 00:03:57,028 --> 00:03:58,154 - Think about the distance 48 00:03:58,155 --> 00:03:59,655 that Voyager is gone 49 00:03:59,656 --> 00:04:01,829 and the years taken to get there 50 00:04:01,830 --> 00:04:03,492 and still running. 51 00:04:03,493 --> 00:04:05,828 ♫ So far away from me ♫ 52 00:04:05,829 --> 00:04:07,126 - Voyager works. 53 00:04:07,127 --> 00:04:11,000 Achieving something that is not there that can be dreamed can be done. 54 00:04:11,001 --> 00:04:13,675 - Every second he goes to another place 55 00:04:13,676 --> 00:04:16,505 where we have never been before 56 00:04:16,506 --> 00:04:18,007 - These are all escape routes. 57 00:04:18,008 --> 00:04:19,385 That will not return. 58 00:04:19,386 --> 00:04:22,136 That will only continue forever and forever, 59 00:04:22,137 --> 00:04:24,390 goes to empty space 60 00:04:25,474 --> 00:04:26,726 - Voyager takes the cake. 61 00:04:26,727 --> 00:04:28,102 This is the most courageous mission. 62 00:04:28,103 --> 00:04:30,195 Who would have thought we really could do it 63 00:04:30,196 --> 00:04:31,780 to do that in 1977? 64 00:04:33,148 --> 00:04:36,493 ♫ I 'm wishing on a star ♫ 65 00:04:47,996 --> 00:04:49,538 - We know a little, 66 00:04:49,539 --> 00:04:51,132 because you can't observe from the earth 67 00:04:51,133 --> 00:04:52,467 with a telescope. 68 00:04:54,836 --> 00:04:56,045 - that's great 69 00:04:56,046 --> 00:04:56,888 No. 70 00:04:57,923 --> 00:04:59,675 Let's see, what do we know? 71 00:05:00,801 --> 00:05:03,260 We know they are all gas giants. 72 00:05:03,261 --> 00:05:05,513 Most consist of hydrogen and helium 73 00:05:05,514 --> 00:05:07,973 and some methane on the outer planet. 74 00:05:07,974 --> 00:05:09,725 - We know that there are winds on Jupiter, 75 00:05:09,726 --> 00:05:11,477 we know about the big red point on Jupiter, 76 00:05:11,478 --> 00:05:13,697 we know that there is entangled radiation, 77 00:05:13,698 --> 00:05:16,315 so we know there is a magnetic field. 78 00:05:16,316 --> 00:05:17,613 - We know for example Jupiter 79 00:05:17,614 --> 00:05:19,610 has four months. 80 00:05:19,611 --> 00:05:21,784 Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto go around. 81 00:05:21,785 --> 00:05:25,956 That is what convinced Galileo that Copernicus was right 82 00:05:27,202 --> 00:05:31,539 and that the Sun is the center of the solar system. 83 00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:33,417 - Satellites from outer planets, 84 00:05:33,418 --> 00:05:35,005 We know they are there because 85 00:05:35,006 --> 00:05:36,465 we can see them orbiting. 86 00:05:36,466 --> 00:05:38,930 But I think everyone thinks they will just battered ice balls. 87 00:05:38,931 --> 00:05:40,798 Like the highlands of the moon. 88 00:05:40,799 --> 00:05:42,301 There is nothing but impact craters. 89 00:05:42,302 --> 00:05:44,552 That view is very pervasive so they 90 00:05:44,553 --> 00:05:47,513 not even thinking about adding geologists 91 00:05:47,514 --> 00:05:50,891 to the Voyager 92 00:05:50,892 --> 00:05:52,685 mission - For Saturn we know about the ring 93 00:05:52,686 --> 00:05:54,776 and we know about the main satellite. 94 00:05:54,777 --> 00:05:57,365 But almost nothing more than that. 95 00:05:57,366 --> 00:05:59,817 And everything is very blurry. 96 00:05:59,818 --> 00:06:01,946 No one has ever been to outer planets to talk about. 97 00:06:03,488 --> 00:06:06,537 Pioneer has passed Jupiter and Saturn 98 00:06:06,538 --> 00:06:09,410 But they have a basic camera. 99 00:06:09,411 --> 00:06:11,960 100 00:06:13,498 --> 00:06:16,292 It doesn't really show many images. 101 00:06:16,293 --> 00:06:19,797 And instrumentation is not too advanced. 102 00:06:20,922 --> 00:06:23,218 - Spaceship most pioneers " 103 00:06:23,219 --> 00:06:25,431 " Let's see, can we send something 104 00:06:25,432 --> 00:06:26,969 "An asteroid belt, can that last?" 105 00:06:26,970 --> 00:06:29,064 There are so many things that we take for granted now We don't know anything. 106 00:06:29,065 --> 00:06:30,764 And the same thing applies to Uranus and Neptune. 107 00:06:30,765 --> 00:06:32,892 They are very far away. 108 00:06:32,893 --> 00:06:35,060 - I have looked at these planets 109 00:06:35,061 --> 00:06:37,313 through some of the best telescopes on earth. 110 00:06:37,314 --> 00:06:39,817 However, all I can see are just blobs. 111 00:06:39,818 --> 00:06:43,241 112 00:06:44,237 --> 00:06:48,532 - Uranus green dot small bluish on the telescope 113 00:06:48,533 --> 00:06:51,911 and Neptune are even smaller bluish points. 114 00:06:51,912 --> 00:06:53,621 And that's all. 115 00:06:53,622 --> 00:06:55,374 - Astronomers have worked hard enough to know 116 00:06:55,375 --> 00:06:57,207 what physical makeup is 117 00:06:57,208 --> 00:06:59,460 There are several basic characteristics. 118 00:06:59,461 --> 00:07:01,253 But their true nature 119 00:07:01,254 --> 00:07:04,798 in terms of weather, in terms of distribution 120 00:07:04,799 --> 00:07:08,510 mass inside, what are they actually made of, 121 00:07:08,511 --> 00:07:10,971 what is the month like? 122 00:07:10,972 --> 00:07:12,019 We don't have it. 123 00:07:12,020 --> 00:07:14,600 Just a glance. 124 00:07:14,601 --> 00:07:16,194 - There are limits to what you can learn just look through telescopes from earth. 125 00:07:16,195 --> 00:07:18,938 126 00:07:18,939 --> 00:07:21,815 There is a theory but then there are unknown. 127 00:07:21,816 --> 00:07:24,740 And we research the unknown. 128 00:07:27,781 --> 00:07:30,578 - Humans are curious groups. 129 00:07:30,579 --> 00:07:32,915 We want to know what's around. 130 00:07:32,916 --> 00:07:35,630 We have to pass the next bend on the road. 131 00:07:35,631 --> 00:07:38,290 So this is a kind of innate drive 132 00:07:38,291 --> 00:07:41,135 I think we have as a species. 133 00:07:42,587 --> 00:07:45,089 - I think this is a default wish to explore 134 00:07:45,090 --> 00:07:49,134 provides evolutionary benefits for us. 135 00:07:49,135 --> 00:07:51,637 We look to improve our situation. 136 00:07:51,638 --> 00:07:53,389 And I think there's a feeling 137 00:07:53,390 --> 00:07:56,350 Our survival as a species 138 00:07:56,351 --> 00:07:59,395 will depend on our learning 139 00:07:59,396 --> 00:08:02,231 how to live in another world 140 00:08:02,232 --> 00:08:05,111 - A very humane thing to ask. 141 00:08:05,112 --> 00:08:06,699 It's a very small thing 142 00:08:06,700 --> 00:08:08,493 to submit a million questions. 143 00:08:09,739 --> 00:08:11,991 And some of us don't grow up. 144 00:08:14,869 --> 00:08:17,121 - One of the important things that makes this mission possible help gravity 145 00:08:17,122 --> 00:08:18,335 That's when you fly on Jupiter, you turn a corner, 146 00:08:18,336 --> 00:08:20,958 and you take a little Jupiter 147 00:08:20,959 --> 00:08:22,835 orbital speed with you 148 00:08:22,836 --> 00:08:24,545 Like a slingshot. 149 00:08:24,546 --> 00:08:25,963 So you better make sure Saturn is in the right place. 150 00:08:25,964 --> 00:08:29,343 - we are very lucky 151 00:08:29,344 --> 00:08:31,552 We have harmony. 152 00:08:31,553 --> 00:08:34,304 153 00:08:34,305 --> 00:08:36,515 - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune 154 00:08:36,516 --> 00:08:37,392 all will line up in parallel. 155 00:08:37,393 --> 00:08:40,019 - This will be Jupiter's explosion, Saturn's explosion, 156 00:08:40,020 --> 00:08:42,563 Uranus explosion, Neptune explosion. 157 00:08:42,564 --> 00:08:44,440 - Planet must line up into 158 00:08:44,441 --> 00:08:47,741 the right way to allow one spacecraft to do that. 159 00:08:47,742 --> 00:08:50,779 - And those that align only are rare. 160 00:08:50,780 --> 00:08:53,996 - It only happens once more than 100 years. 161 00:08:53,997 --> 00:08:56,120 - 175 years, like that. 162 00:08:56,121 --> 00:08:58,042 - Every 176 years. 163 00:08:59,330 --> 00:09:00,798 - Last time it happened 164 00:09:00,799 --> 00:09:04,168 Exploration of wooden sailing ships. 165 00:09:04,169 --> 00:09:07,337 - It's called the Outer Planet Grand Tour, 166 00:09:07,338 --> 00:09:10,217 and estimated mission costs 167 00:09:10,218 --> 00:09:13,177 more than $ 1 billion dollars. 168 00:09:13,178 --> 00:09:16,972 Administrators of NASA meet the President, 169 00:09:16,973 --> 00:09:18,771 and he said "The last time the planets 170 00:09:18,772 --> 00:09:20,976 " line up like that, 171 00:09:20,977 --> 00:09:23,821 "President Jefferson is sitting at your desk, 172 00:09:23,822 --> 00:09:25,235 " and he blew it. " 173 00:09:26,399 --> 00:09:30,575 So, Mr. Nixon laughed and said, " Alright, just do two. " 174 00:09:32,363 --> 00:09:34,114 So, only two planets. And of course prices consequently 175 00:09:34,115 --> 00:09:36,909 are substantially less. 176 00:09:36,910 --> 00:09:38,833 But we all know that launch in 1977 177 00:09:39,954 --> 00:09:43,957 will become after Nixon's second term. 178 00:09:43,958 --> 00:09:47,878 And of course it turns out 179 00:09:47,879 --> 00:09:49,597 180 00:09:49,598 --> 00:09:54,176 His term ends faster than he thought. 181 00:10:02,977 --> 00:10:04,650 - Voyager starts a project 182 00:10:04,651 --> 00:10:05,989 in July 1972 183 00:10:06,898 --> 00:10:08,696 And we have 11 scientific instruments, 184 00:10:08,697 --> 00:10:09,983 11 different teams. 185 00:10:09,984 --> 00:10:14,205 The success of the mission was one of the planes space that passed through Saturn. 186 00:10:15,115 --> 00:10:17,288 - But we know right from who can go 187 00:10:17,289 --> 00:10:20,619 that we will try as hard as possible 188 00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:24,081 to extend the mission to go to Uranus and Neptune. 189 00:10:24,082 --> 00:10:26,426 - We choose the path to choose 190 00:10:26,427 --> 00:10:28,961 A target on Saturn that gives us 191 00:10:28,962 --> 00:10:30,420 a help for Uranus. 192 00:10:30,421 --> 00:10:33,300 So, we designed it from the beginning. 193 00:10:33,301 --> 00:10:36,135 We know that we got Voyager 194 00:10:36,136 --> 00:10:39,763 with choices if there are opportunities to use them. 195 00:11:00,660 --> 00:11:03,125 - We don't want to build any into the design 196 00:11:03,126 --> 00:11:05,590 it will prevent us going further. 197 00:11:05,591 --> 00:11:08,750 So it's a mission on a mission. 198 00:11:20,221 --> 00:11:21,722 - The Golden Record is really the type 199 00:11:21,723 --> 00:11:24,641 the heartbeat of the ship itself. 200 00:11:24,642 --> 00:11:26,940 The reason why go to is there, definitely explore, 201 00:11:26,941 --> 00:11:30,065 But it comes from the blood of life the tape. 202 00:11:32,692 --> 00:11:36,538 - I remember all the Pioneer 10 and 11 publicity spacecraft 203 00:11:36,539 --> 00:11:40,657 where they have several images of male and female shape lines. 204 00:11:40,658 --> 00:11:42,284 And some people are really crazy. 205 00:11:42,285 --> 00:11:43,410 I don't know what you've seen it 206 00:11:43,411 --> 00:11:46,005 But the most innocent thing you can imagine. 207 00:11:46,006 --> 00:11:47,956 That causes a lot of noise. 208 00:11:47,957 --> 00:11:49,583 Well I think that's great. 209 00:11:49,584 --> 00:11:52,336 - Do you expect someone find this recording out there? 210 00:11:52,337 --> 00:11:54,004 Is there something out there? 211 00:11:54,005 --> 00:11:54,847 - Well nobody knows 212 00:11:54,848 --> 00:11:56,929 One of the big questions that is unsolved is 213 00:11:56,930 --> 00:11:58,302 our own or us 214 00:11:58,303 --> 00:12:00,395 - Carl Sagan has been the best 215 00:12:00,396 --> 00:12:03,680 famous scientist in the late 20th century. 216 00:12:03,681 --> 00:12:05,479 He is a working scientist. 217 00:12:05,480 --> 00:12:07,517 He plays a key role in many ways 218 00:12:07,518 --> 00:12:10,229 from NASA's mission to the planet. 219 00:12:10,230 --> 00:12:11,901 Includes Voyager One. 220 00:12:11,902 --> 00:12:14,526 He is one of the scientists on the Voyager imaging team. 221 00:12:14,527 --> 00:12:16,696 But he is also an astronomer 222 00:12:16,697 --> 00:12:18,287 as many as one person, 223 00:12:18,288 --> 00:12:21,907 make a study of life credible extraterrestrial. 224 00:12:21,908 --> 00:12:25,577 - Comment by Thomas Carlisle, 225 00:12:25,578 --> 00:12:27,876 an old man who is rather crusty 226 00:12:29,123 --> 00:12:33,299 Who thinks of stars, sad spectacle. 227 00:12:35,421 --> 00:12:40,259 "If they are inhabited, what is the scope of misery and ignorance. 228 00:12:40,260 --> 00:12:43,804 " If they are uninhabited, what is wasting space. "Hey, will you 229 00:12:44,931 --> 00:12:46,148 "Willing to do, to come up with something 230 00:12:46,149 --> 00:12:48,517 231 00:12:48,518 --> 00:12:50,852 232 00:12:50,853 --> 00:12:52,479 "for us to use the Voyager spacecraft?" 233 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:54,564 He said, "Yes, of course." 234 00:12:54,565 --> 00:12:57,487 And he told me that he could make $ 25,000. 235 00:12:57,488 --> 00:12:59,283 So I allow it to go ahead 236 00:12:59,284 --> 00:13:02,447 and I was somewhat off my hands at that time. 237 00:13:02,448 --> 00:13:04,416 All of his creations and this group 238 00:13:04,417 --> 00:13:06,535 which he put together. 239 00:13:06,536 --> 00:13:08,254 - They think don't let this opportunity pass. 240 00:13:08,255 --> 00:13:11,293 You will throw an message into a bottle to the sea, 241 00:13:11,294 --> 00:13:12,586 put a message in it 242 00:13:12,587 --> 00:13:16,213 So they decided to enter the time capsule into the bottles. 243 00:13:16,214 --> 00:13:18,088 - And at first Carl thought they did it simply 244 00:13:18,089 --> 00:13:20,716 Do another plaque, maybe with some more information. 245 00:13:20,717 --> 00:13:23,093 But Frank Drake, a brilliant man. 246 00:13:23,094 --> 00:13:25,267 A kind of cross between Albert Einstein 247 00:13:25,268 --> 00:13:26,722 and Thomas Edison. 248 00:13:26,723 --> 00:13:28,976 theoretical physicist brilliant, but also very 249 00:13:28,977 --> 00:13:31,228 hands on the types of men who can solve 250 00:13:31,229 --> 00:13:33,312 Practical problems. 251 00:13:33,313 --> 00:13:34,984 He came up with the idea 252 00:13:34,985 --> 00:13:37,359 equal amount of weight and space, 253 00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:39,693 You can send phonograph recordings. 254 00:13:42,280 --> 00:13:43,994 - People who really do science 255 00:13:43,995 --> 00:13:45,866 Parts of Voyager are always jealous and crazy 256 00:13:45,867 --> 00:13:48,082 because the Golden Record gets more attention 257 00:13:48,083 --> 00:13:49,916 than all the beautiful things they do 258 00:13:49,917 --> 00:13:52,381 exploring planet outside the solar system. 259 00:13:52,382 --> 00:13:54,374 Except for Pluto and all that. 260 00:13:54,375 --> 00:13:58,128 But the main concern goes to the Golden Record. 261 00:13:58,129 --> 00:14:00,969 Because the aura that surrounds whatever has to be done 262 00:14:00,970 --> 00:14:03,467 with intelligent life on earth, 263 00:14:03,468 --> 00:14:04,970 all types of businesses to contact 264 00:14:04,971 --> 00:14:07,763 Life outside the earth is more dazzling 265 00:14:07,764 --> 00:14:09,107 rather than knowing the chemical makeup 266 00:14:09,108 --> 00:14:11,433 from minerals on Mars or the like. 267 00:14:13,186 --> 00:14:15,776 - Old-style LP recordings. 268 00:14:15,777 --> 00:14:17,862 The only difference in metal, 269 00:14:17,863 --> 00:14:20,447 and that will last a long time. 270 00:14:20,448 --> 00:14:22,069 - And that's half the speed 271 00:14:22,070 --> 00:14:24,863 so that gives us two hours of total time. 272 00:14:24,864 --> 00:14:26,740 One and a half hours is devoted to music 273 00:14:26,741 --> 00:14:29,159 and the other half hour contains 274 00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:31,124 all other data recorded, 275 00:14:31,125 --> 00:14:34,373 the natural sound of the Earth, spoken words, 276 00:14:34,374 --> 00:14:37,417 and photos encoded from Earth. 277 00:14:37,418 --> 00:14:39,169 - One of the first questions many people ask 278 00:14:39,170 --> 00:14:41,423 Well, they will never know how to play it. 279 00:14:41,424 --> 00:14:44,883 And in fact, we include cartridge and stylus 280 00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:46,431 in the package with a note, 281 00:14:46,432 --> 00:14:48,470 and the image on the cover 282 00:14:48,471 --> 00:14:50,064 from the record shows the 283 00:14:50,065 --> 00:14:54,351 method where the stylus will be is placed on the note. 284 00:14:54,352 --> 00:14:55,729 - Maybe what is written on it 285 00:14:55,730 --> 00:14:58,149 will look like a graffiti kindergarten for them, 286 00:14:58,150 --> 00:15:00,399 but they must be able to find out 287 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:01,868 if they have some smart thoughts 288 00:15:01,869 --> 00:15:03,819 or whatever is on their heads, 289 00:15:03,820 --> 00:15:05,570 if they even have a head 290 00:15:05,571 --> 00:15:07,699 - Voyager was launched on the 100th anniversary 291 00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:10,620 from the development of phonograph recordings by Edison. 292 00:15:10,621 --> 00:15:12,712 So, that's the natural medium to use 293 00:15:12,713 --> 00:15:14,413 information about 294 00:15:14,414 --> 00:15:15,711 But what I find interesting 295 00:15:15,712 --> 00:15:19,209 to protect it from dust and small particles 296 00:15:19,210 --> 00:15:22,254 From the trip, they put cover on it. 297 00:15:22,255 --> 00:15:24,678 And on the cover is engraved 298 00:15:26,050 --> 00:15:30,053 location of the earth, our solar system 299 00:15:30,054 --> 00:15:34,141 In that case the direction of from a different pulsar. 300 00:15:34,142 --> 00:15:35,437 - Many people will say, "Well, why do you do that?" 301 00:15:35,438 --> 00:15:36,275 I said, "What do you mean?" 302 00:15:36,276 --> 00:15:38,237 They say, "Well, why would you announce where you are?" 303 00:15:38,238 --> 00:15:39,855 Because there are aliens out there 304 00:15:39,856 --> 00:15:42,234 may attack the planet and use it for food, 305 00:15:42,235 --> 00:15:44,276 or eat people, or make them slaves. 306 00:15:44,277 --> 00:15:46,075 If they find it, their technology might be 307 00:15:46,076 --> 00:15:47,112 more advanced than us. 308 00:15:47,113 --> 00:15:48,328 They come here and destroy it. 309 00:15:48,329 --> 00:15:49,915 Why did you do it like that? 310 00:15:49,916 --> 00:15:52,576 If someone finds it, they will think like that 311 00:15:52,577 --> 00:15:54,830 and they say, "Why do these people expose themselves? 312 00:15:54,831 --> 00:15:58,457 " for our taste or whatever. 313 00:15:58,458 --> 00:16:01,007 "They must be very altruistic." 314 00:16:04,380 --> 00:16:07,382 - Possibility of advanced intelligence 315 00:16:07,383 --> 00:16:10,218 Outside we will detect "Oh hey, 316 00:16:10,219 --> 00:16:14,556 " There is a body radiating into our area, 317 00:16:14,557 --> 00:16:18,232 "Let's go out and find out what this bottle is in the sea, 318 00:16:18,233 --> 00:16:20,520 " What message might exist. " 319 00:16:20,521 --> 00:16:22,899 Now is that a big mystery? 320 00:16:24,442 --> 00:16:25,284 Whoa! 321 00:16:27,153 --> 00:16:29,076 - Now that brings the whole question, 322 00:16:29,077 --> 00:16:31,948 Are there people there? 323 00:16:31,949 --> 00:16:32,791 Listen, 324 00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:36,703 Someone gives or receives 325 00:16:36,704 --> 00:16:40,040 200 billion stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. 326 00:16:40,041 --> 00:16:42,715 There are about 200 billion galaxies in the universe. 327 00:16:42,716 --> 00:16:45,921 Or at least in the universe we know. 328 00:16:45,922 --> 00:16:48,215 - This is a fairly small spaceship who are in the universe are quite large. 329 00:16:48,216 --> 00:16:51,092 If you take a piece of sky 330 00:16:51,093 --> 00:16:53,303 the size of straw soda up there 331 00:16:53,304 --> 00:16:56,103 in Biduk, 332 00:16:57,558 --> 00:16:59,184 In a small piece of what we think is an empty sky 333 00:16:59,185 --> 00:17:02,485 are thousands of galaxies. 334 00:17:02,486 --> 00:17:04,940 and each of these galaxies 335 00:17:04,941 --> 00:17:06,942 full of billions of stars. 336 00:17:06,943 --> 00:17:09,742 It's just a soda straw, 337 00:17:10,780 --> 00:17:11,905 338 00:17:11,906 --> 00:17:13,996 and now you imagine the whole sky 339 00:17:13,997 --> 00:17:16,119 full of thousands 340 00:17:16,120 --> 00:17:17,582 over thousands of galaxies. 341 00:17:17,583 --> 00:17:19,626 Each of the billions billions of stars. 342 00:17:19,627 --> 00:17:22,876 There are many possibilities out there. 343 00:17:26,462 --> 00:17:29,428 - If you take a grain of sand and put it on the table, 344 00:17:29,429 --> 00:17:31,675 and if it's the size of the Sun, 345 00:17:31,676 --> 00:17:33,891 then the earth will be about one inch. 346 00:17:33,892 --> 00:17:35,262 And that will be microscopic. 347 00:17:35,263 --> 00:17:37,357 And the whole solar system will fit on the table 348 00:17:37,358 --> 00:17:38,691 six feet across. 349 00:17:39,559 --> 00:17:40,854 Think about the next star. 350 00:17:40,855 --> 00:17:42,897 The next star other sand grains. 351 00:17:42,898 --> 00:17:44,941 How far from the solar system 352 00:17:44,942 --> 00:17:46,316 Do you have to put it down? 353 00:17:46,317 --> 00:17:50,032 And it turns out to be around seven half a mile away. 354 00:17:50,033 --> 00:17:52,529 It is amazing how much space 355 00:17:52,530 --> 00:17:56,575 There are between stars and between planets. 356 00:17:56,576 --> 00:17:59,578 - The distance is almost unexpected. 357 00:17:59,579 --> 00:18:01,126 It's the fastest spaceship 358 00:18:01,127 --> 00:18:04,499 ever built and launched and flown, 359 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:05,968 and they travel 360 00:18:05,969 --> 00:18:07,883 at 10 miles per second 361 00:18:09,797 --> 00:18:11,344 You don't even see it, do you? 362 00:18:11,345 --> 00:18:12,841 However, even in them 363 00:18:12,842 --> 00:18:16,553 Unexpected by Earth's standard speed, 364 00:18:16,554 --> 00:18:18,555 it takes several decades, 365 00:18:18,556 --> 00:18:22,732 decades to get out of there from the solar system. 366 00:18:24,395 --> 00:18:25,520 - We have no problem 367 00:18:25,521 --> 00:18:26,896 spacecraft through the Asteroid Belt 368 00:18:26,897 --> 00:18:28,319 but at one time people think of god 369 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:30,444 You will fall to an asteroid. 370 00:18:30,445 --> 00:18:34,160 There aren't many possibilities crash into an asteroid. 371 00:18:34,161 --> 00:18:36,374 These are just a lot of rooms out there. 372 00:18:36,375 --> 00:18:37,537 Many rooms. 373 00:18:39,076 --> 00:18:40,544 - If you want to realize how empty our galaxy is, 374 00:18:40,545 --> 00:18:42,829 Our closest galaxy itself Andromeda, 375 00:18:42,830 --> 00:18:44,082 about two million light years away. 376 00:18:44,083 --> 00:18:46,833 I am currently colliding with us now. 377 00:18:46,834 --> 00:18:47,879 And in five billion years 378 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:49,967 galaxies will collide with our own. 379 00:18:49,968 --> 00:18:51,384 And you might say, oh, no, oh, no, 380 00:18:51,385 --> 00:18:52,802 But apparently, 381 00:18:53,674 --> 00:18:56,473 Space, even in our galaxy, is just a vacuum. 382 00:18:56,474 --> 00:18:58,595 When our two galaxies collide, 383 00:18:58,596 --> 00:19:01,190 Almost no stars bump into other stars. 384 00:19:01,191 --> 00:19:03,266 Only a vacuum. 385 00:19:03,267 --> 00:19:05,315 So Voyager is likely will continue 386 00:19:05,316 --> 00:19:07,729 our galaxy for millions of potential 387 00:19:07,730 --> 00:19:11,858 or maybe even billions of years without collisions. 388 00:19:11,859 --> 00:19:16,279 - I have a hard time with a very long geological time period. 389 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:20,033 You can't get around it 390 00:19:20,034 --> 00:19:22,503 10s of millions of years, what does that really mean. 391 00:19:22,504 --> 00:19:25,497 And distance, astronomical distance. 392 00:19:25,498 --> 00:19:28,338 - Yes, so do you start entering on an astronomical scale, 393 00:19:28,339 --> 00:19:30,210 our solar system is pretty small, 394 00:19:30,211 --> 00:19:32,754 and become Voyager's adventure 395 00:19:32,755 --> 00:19:35,674 that seems so far and far 396 00:19:35,675 --> 00:19:38,176 for this little spaceship to get out 397 00:19:38,177 --> 00:19:41,846 to a giant planet really only explores 398 00:19:41,847 --> 00:19:44,849 the smallest nearest environment 399 00:19:44,850 --> 00:19:47,694 When you start think of a cosmic scale. 400 00:19:58,072 --> 00:19:59,119 - Spaceship built 401 00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:00,786 in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 402 00:20:00,787 --> 00:20:02,456 This is a federal research center 403 00:20:02,457 --> 00:20:06,581 It's part of Cal-Tech and they build spaceships. 404 00:20:07,832 --> 00:20:09,628 One of the things I admire most 405 00:20:09,629 --> 00:20:11,671 about the engineers who built Voyager 406 00:20:11,672 --> 00:20:13,342 They always think of 407 00:20:13,343 --> 00:20:16,339 The most unlikely thing to happen, occurs. 408 00:20:16,340 --> 00:20:17,340 You want to take those people 409 00:20:17,341 --> 00:20:18,508 on a camping trip with you 410 00:20:18,509 --> 00:20:19,556 because they think about it. 411 00:20:19,557 --> 00:20:20,891 Well, you have to bring, 412 00:20:20,892 --> 00:20:22,011 what if this insect comes out, 413 00:20:22,012 --> 00:20:23,226 what if the tent becomes flooded, 414 00:20:23,227 --> 00:20:24,893 What if you run out of gas, 415 00:20:24,894 --> 00:20:26,891 What if you can't light a fire. 416 00:20:26,892 --> 00:20:28,438 What if they are people. 417 00:20:28,439 --> 00:20:31,527 And when you send into space 418 00:20:31,528 --> 00:20:33,240 You can't go do service calls, 419 00:20:33,241 --> 00:20:34,858 You can't bring it back, 420 00:20:34,859 --> 00:20:36,192 so what if you register 421 00:20:36,193 --> 00:20:38,570 It should be like that for a long time 422 00:20:38,571 --> 00:20:41,740 or you can't survive. 423 00:20:47,371 --> 00:20:49,247 - This project starts 424 00:20:49,248 --> 00:20:52,459 with conceptualization period. 425 00:20:52,460 --> 00:20:56,880 How worthy do we do it? 426 00:20:56,881 --> 00:21:00,304 We don't know what is the spacecraft. 427 00:21:00,305 --> 00:21:01,974 How do we regulate spacecraft? 428 00:21:01,975 --> 00:21:05,513 How do we take the communication system, 429 00:21:05,514 --> 00:21:09,350 this large fixed 12-diameter diameter antenna, 430 00:21:09,351 --> 00:21:13,730 and set it relative to the propulsion system? 431 00:21:13,731 --> 00:21:17,110 Spacecraft takes dimensions into small children, 432 00:21:17,111 --> 00:21:20,612 and our design team, like parents. 433 00:21:20,613 --> 00:21:24,365 This is actually a parenting process. 434 00:21:24,366 --> 00:21:25,950 Bringing the child, 435 00:21:25,951 --> 00:21:28,124 if you want to be true. 436 00:21:31,957 --> 00:21:34,378 - All spacecraft are made basically from the same thing. 437 00:21:34,379 --> 00:21:36,716 Silicon and aluminum, that's about it. 438 00:21:36,717 --> 00:21:38,463 That's probably 95% of that. 439 00:21:38,464 --> 00:21:40,387 Cheap silicon and aluminum 440 00:21:40,388 --> 00:21:44,260 until you start making items out if that. 441 00:21:44,261 --> 00:21:46,137 - Spacecraft is of course quite primitive 442 00:21:46,138 --> 00:21:47,230 with modern standards. 443 00:21:47,231 --> 00:21:49,682 We have three computers on board. 444 00:21:49,683 --> 00:21:51,893 Their total memory is about, 445 00:21:51,894 --> 00:21:55,730 240,000 times less than on your smartphone. 446 00:21:55,731 --> 00:21:58,280 - 1972 when you experienced technology freezing. 447 00:21:58,281 --> 00:22:00,109 Remember we launched at 77. 448 00:22:00,110 --> 00:22:02,450 So you froze technology a few years before, 449 00:22:02,451 --> 00:22:05,198 and at that time the biggest computer in the world is proportional to the type of item 450 00:22:05,199 --> 00:22:07,038 we are in our pocket today 451 00:22:07,039 --> 00:22:08,785 I'm not talking about cellphones. 452 00:22:08,786 --> 00:22:11,005 I'm talking about key fob. 453 00:22:11,006 --> 00:22:13,790 - What's wrong with 70s technology? 454 00:22:13,791 --> 00:22:15,418 I mean, you see, there are technologies in the 30s, right? 455 00:22:15,419 --> 00:22:20,129 I don't apologize for the limitations 456 00:22:20,130 --> 00:22:21,676 Kiita works with at that time. 457 00:22:21,677 --> 00:22:23,972 458 00:22:23,973 --> 00:22:28,888 We redden the technology for what we can get from it. 459 00:22:28,889 --> 00:22:31,307 - Voyager is around 800 kilograms. 460 00:22:31,308 --> 00:22:34,269 The main antenna is 12 feet in diameter, 461 00:22:34,270 --> 00:22:36,396 Is the biggest that we can launch. 462 00:22:36,397 --> 00:22:37,364 - There is this body, 463 00:22:37,365 --> 00:22:40,608 10 sides can be called bus, 464 00:22:40,609 --> 00:22:43,488 and it gets all electronics and computers. 465 00:22:43,489 --> 00:22:45,032 And that has this arm and 466 00:22:45,033 --> 00:22:46,744 This complement stands out. 467 00:22:46,745 --> 00:22:49,205 This leg has legs that connect it with rockets 468 00:22:49,206 --> 00:22:50,872 and very long arms 469 00:22:50,873 --> 00:22:53,166 with field sensors magnets above here 470 00:22:53,167 --> 00:22:56,210 and other arms there with this plutonium power supply 471 00:22:56,211 --> 00:22:57,375 to provide electricity. 472 00:22:57,376 --> 00:22:58,719 You can't keep it too close to a spaceship 473 00:22:58,720 --> 00:23:00,712 because it will transmit spacecraft. 474 00:23:00,713 --> 00:23:02,465 and other arms with this device 475 00:23:02,466 --> 00:23:04,510 who has a camera and other instruments on it 476 00:23:04,511 --> 00:23:06,761 which can show around, like eyes, 477 00:23:06,762 --> 00:23:10,221 And the big antenna is the ear. 478 00:23:10,222 --> 00:23:12,061 When everything is finished 479 00:23:12,062 --> 00:23:13,855 for the biggest dimension, 480 00:23:13,856 --> 00:23:18,187 The size is comparable with a small school bus. 481 00:23:18,188 --> 00:23:20,523 Really graceful, 482 00:23:20,524 --> 00:23:23,526 although his appearance is fierce. 483 00:23:23,527 --> 00:23:26,487 A strange creature for our planet, 484 00:23:26,488 --> 00:23:28,615 but very happy in space. 485 00:23:56,477 --> 00:23:59,649 - I became a producer only one record in my career, 486 00:23:59,650 --> 00:24:01,737 and only two copies of it are made, 487 00:24:01,738 --> 00:24:03,653 and they are both thrown out of the earth, 488 00:24:03,654 --> 00:24:05,745 so I don't know it's mandate or not. 489 00:24:07,071 --> 00:24:09,035 The launch window for Voyager is set. 490 00:24:09,036 --> 00:24:11,953 It has something to do with the alignment of the outer planets. 491 00:24:11,954 --> 00:24:13,669 You have to start in that window. 492 00:24:13,670 --> 00:24:18,247 And they certainly won't be waiting for the recording. 493 00:24:18,248 --> 00:24:20,208 - We have six weeks to do it. 494 00:24:20,209 --> 00:24:21,548 And when I talk about notes 495 00:24:21,549 --> 00:24:24,253 I think that's what always gasping for breath. 496 00:24:24,254 --> 00:24:25,505 You have to find a way 497 00:24:25,506 --> 00:24:27,095 to explain the world to aliens, 498 00:24:27,096 --> 00:24:29,310 that way must be finished in six weeks. 499 00:24:34,181 --> 00:24:36,853 - We have two goals in making Voyager notes, 500 00:24:36,854 --> 00:24:37,976 in terms of music. 501 00:24:37,977 --> 00:24:41,270 The first we want music to be represented 502 00:24:41,271 --> 00:24:43,442 many different cultures around the world 503 00:24:43,443 --> 00:24:45,659 and not just community culture 504 00:24:45,660 --> 00:24:48,736 who have built and launched spacecraft. 505 00:24:52,574 --> 00:24:54,409 Other criteria, our own 506 00:24:54,410 --> 00:24:57,036 want to be a good note 507 00:24:57,037 --> 00:24:59,664 - This is a very special message. 508 00:24:59,665 --> 00:25:01,963 It seems like something is not made by the committee. 509 00:25:01,964 --> 00:25:03,668 This is too strange. 510 00:25:04,590 --> 00:25:06,179 - You are currently working a lot on the internet 511 00:25:06,180 --> 00:25:08,214 than those days, that's more, 512 00:25:08,215 --> 00:25:10,058 sitting in the dark listening to music, 513 00:25:10,059 --> 00:25:11,592 make notes 514 00:25:13,137 --> 00:25:14,434 It takes a long time to pass it 515 00:25:14,435 --> 00:25:17,434 a stack of records as high as that. 516 00:25:20,644 --> 00:25:22,233 If you listen to Voyager recordings, 517 00:25:22,234 --> 00:25:23,521 it will be amazing, if you 518 00:25:23,522 --> 00:25:24,774 don't hear a few pieces of music 519 00:25:24,775 --> 00:25:26,193 That's nothing like 520 00:25:26,194 --> 00:25:27,530 You have heard before 521 00:25:27,531 --> 00:25:29,027 Japanese shakuhachi pieces or the 16-year-old dwarf girl is singing 522 00:25:29,028 --> 00:25:32,238 what is called the initiation song, 523 00:25:32,239 --> 00:25:33,707 sort of puberty song, 524 00:25:33,708 --> 00:25:35,283 In the Ituri forest in Africa 525 00:25:35,284 --> 00:25:37,660 526 00:25:37,661 --> 00:25:40,289 just amazingly beautiful. 527 00:25:41,540 --> 00:25:45,261 Javanese gamelan pieces are very beautiful. 528 00:25:46,128 --> 00:25:48,381 Chinese ch'in pieces like that 529 00:25:48,382 --> 00:25:50,599 it will never leave you 530 00:25:53,093 --> 00:25:56,688 External thoughts usual to expand adventure. 531 00:25:58,348 --> 00:26:00,271 There are a number of hunts A rare note here and there. 532 00:26:00,272 --> 00:26:03,144 I remember the back of Indians 533 00:26:03,145 --> 00:26:05,354 tool shop in New York 534 00:26:05,355 --> 00:26:07,482 where they have some Indian records, 535 00:26:07,483 --> 00:26:09,484 and there is one copy of the body 536 00:26:09,485 --> 00:26:11,575 which we finally noted. 537 00:26:11,576 --> 00:26:14,119 - Always our criteria 538 00:26:17,326 --> 00:26:19,044 try to describe our culture. 539 00:26:19,045 --> 00:26:21,662 So that includes music people, and primitive music 540 00:26:21,663 --> 00:26:23,961 541 00:26:23,962 --> 00:26:28,252 and Bach and Beethoven, and jazz, and all that. 542 00:26:28,253 --> 00:26:29,800 And something we really want 543 00:26:29,801 --> 00:26:31,923 is the Beatles music. 544 00:26:31,924 --> 00:26:34,258 And they say "Impossible." 545 00:26:34,259 --> 00:26:36,728 And we say "Now this is all going in space, 546 00:26:36,729 --> 00:26:39,138 " will never be heard on earth. 547 00:26:39,139 --> 00:26:40,812 "No, we don't do it." 548 00:26:42,851 --> 00:26:44,649 They don't license outside space. 549 00:26:47,815 --> 00:26:49,613 - I really want to have a piece of Bob Dylan 550 00:26:49,614 --> 00:26:51,526 But actually there is only one room 551 00:26:51,527 --> 00:26:55,404 at most one piece of contemporary rock . 552 00:26:56,698 --> 00:26:57,698 But you oppose it 553 00:26:57,699 --> 00:26:59,075 Chuck Berry Johnny B. Geode, 554 00:26:59,076 --> 00:27:00,043 Bob Dylan himself did 555 00:27:00,044 --> 00:27:02,203 Recognizing a very good single. 556 00:27:02,204 --> 00:27:04,457 - Maybe only four simple words 557 00:27:04,458 --> 00:27:06,502 But the first positive evidence 558 00:27:06,503 --> 00:27:09,344 other intelligent creatures inhabit the universe. 559 00:27:09,345 --> 00:27:11,546 - What are the four words Cocuwa? 560 00:27:11,547 --> 00:27:13,798 - Send more Chuck Berry. 561 00:27:15,634 --> 00:27:18,136 - The world is full of fantastic music, 562 00:27:18,137 --> 00:27:19,102 and it goes without saying 563 00:27:19,103 --> 00:27:20,268 There is more great music 564 00:27:20,269 --> 00:27:21,857 That's not on Voyager 565 00:27:21,858 --> 00:27:24,016 rather than being on it 566 00:27:24,017 --> 00:27:25,268 Good thing too, 567 00:27:25,269 --> 00:27:27,190 I mean, you imagine life on the planet 568 00:27:27,191 --> 00:27:29,939 That's very sad so it's only 90 minutes 569 00:27:29,940 --> 00:27:31,899 decent music 570 00:27:31,900 --> 00:27:33,901 - Flight controls for enable launch. 571 00:27:33,902 --> 00:27:34,822 - Roger. 572 00:27:34,823 --> 00:27:36,821 - A countdown will start in 10 minutes 573 00:27:36,822 --> 00:27:38,281 before midnight tonight 574 00:27:38,282 --> 00:27:39,534 - A journey will begin 575 00:27:39,535 --> 00:27:41,331 who will take earth technology 576 00:27:41,332 --> 00:27:43,119 out of our solar system. 577 00:27:43,120 --> 00:27:45,293 - When launched, of course all are folded, 578 00:27:45,294 --> 00:27:46,916 it's like origami 579 00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,835 - Here it is almost 580 00:27:50,836 --> 00:27:52,930 Unexpected Encapsulation 581 00:27:54,715 --> 00:27:56,132 I mean, we know it's us 582 00:27:56,133 --> 00:27:57,133 will be encapsulated, 583 00:27:57,134 --> 00:27:58,807 but the emotional effect 584 00:27:58,808 --> 00:28:00,511 rather surprising 585 00:28:00,512 --> 00:28:04,432 I noticed just looking around me. 586 00:28:04,433 --> 00:28:08,144 I realize this is our last moment 587 00:28:08,145 --> 00:28:11,740 will see space planes space with eyes. 588 00:28:17,988 --> 00:28:20,832 That's a pretty touching experience. 589 00:28:23,785 --> 00:28:24,957 - Environmental control, ready? 590 00:28:24,958 --> 00:28:26,045 - Roger. 591 00:28:26,046 --> 00:28:29,415 - We launched Voyager Two first. 592 00:28:29,416 --> 00:28:31,418 And this gives the media, 593 00:28:32,961 --> 00:28:34,378 makes them crazy 594 00:28:34,379 --> 00:28:36,464 We launch Voyager One later, 595 00:28:36,465 --> 00:28:39,093 but launched on faster path. 596 00:28:39,094 --> 00:28:43,179 So it overtook Voyager Two in December 1977. 597 00:28:43,180 --> 00:28:44,807 Since then, Voyager One 598 00:28:44,808 --> 00:28:47,353 always get to the planet before Voyager Two, 599 00:28:47,354 --> 00:28:49,941 and the press is happy, they understand it. 600 00:28:49,942 --> 00:28:51,938 - Most press release images 601 00:28:51,939 --> 00:28:53,940 shows the other side of the plane space 602 00:28:53,941 --> 00:28:55,987 so you can't see Voyager notes. 603 00:28:55,988 --> 00:28:57,735 But when reporters come to launch, 604 00:28:57,736 --> 00:29:00,615 they all want to know more a lot about notes. 605 00:29:00,616 --> 00:29:03,411 There is always a lot of ambiguity on NASA about this. 606 00:29:03,412 --> 00:29:05,877 There is no question Voyager notes are useless 607 00:29:05,878 --> 00:29:07,912 from a scientific standpoint, 608 00:29:07,913 --> 00:29:11,133 and officials reluctantly arrange a press conference. 609 00:29:15,587 --> 00:29:17,510 Press conference a joke. 610 00:29:17,511 --> 00:29:19,882 It was held in a hotel room 611 00:29:19,883 --> 00:29:21,259 separated by one of them 612 00:29:21,260 --> 00:29:23,556 The accordion folding barrier that you pull 613 00:29:23,557 --> 00:29:26,600 cross to make one room into two smaller rooms. 614 00:29:26,601 --> 00:29:28,942 From what is literally, like memory serves me, 615 00:29:28,943 --> 00:29:31,686 Polish wedding reception 616 00:29:31,687 --> 00:29:32,984 We do all press conferences 617 00:29:32,985 --> 00:29:35,064 with oompah sounds 618 00:29:35,065 --> 00:29:37,233 wedding reception next door. 619 00:29:37,234 --> 00:29:38,827 But I think the public got it. 620 00:29:43,156 --> 00:29:44,328 - We just got a report 621 00:29:44,329 --> 00:29:47,785 from John Casani, Voyager Project Manager 622 00:29:47,786 --> 00:29:51,256 We will be able to retreat at 10:25. 623 00:29:52,624 --> 00:29:55,628 - They were launched in a Titan launch vehicle. 624 00:29:55,629 --> 00:29:57,755 Which is an intercontinental ballistic missile 625 00:29:57,756 --> 00:29:58,921 for a long time. 626 00:29:58,922 --> 00:30:01,387 And some of them when they are decommissioning 627 00:30:01,388 --> 00:30:03,761 converted into rockets for launching spacecraft 628 00:30:03,762 --> 00:30:05,553 out to the planet. 629 00:30:05,554 --> 00:30:07,022 - Five, four, 630 00:30:07,023 --> 00:30:08,311 three two one. 631 00:30:10,892 --> 00:30:14,061 We have ignition, and we have lifts off. 632 00:30:14,062 --> 00:30:16,355 - You see that solid is burning 633 00:30:16,356 --> 00:30:17,699 and you're not ready 634 00:30:17,700 --> 00:30:19,650 what will happen 635 00:30:24,531 --> 00:30:26,954 Sound waves then follow 636 00:30:28,452 --> 00:30:29,544 and then this 637 00:30:31,038 --> 00:30:35,416 Strong shock, body really moved 638 00:30:35,417 --> 00:30:37,920 in resonance with this energy. 639 00:30:38,795 --> 00:30:40,796 Shake it, right. 640 00:30:42,883 --> 00:30:45,509 - We jumped up and down 641 00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:46,761 Big hug knows. 642 00:30:46,762 --> 00:30:49,805 We are very happy to be able to just just escape. 643 00:30:49,806 --> 00:30:50,773 And the rocket works. 644 00:30:50,774 --> 00:30:53,059 You also never know about that. 645 00:30:53,060 --> 00:30:54,232 - We sit on the bench 646 00:30:54,233 --> 00:30:57,106 and they make you enough away from the launch vehicle 647 00:30:57,107 --> 00:30:58,525 because they can explode, and 648 00:30:58,526 --> 00:31:00,316 Basically, this is a big bomb. 649 00:31:00,317 --> 00:31:02,285 - So there are a little holding your breath and 650 00:31:02,286 --> 00:31:03,903 want to make sure you see it, 651 00:31:03,904 --> 00:31:06,530 Get the first little movement 652 00:31:06,531 --> 00:31:09,408 from the pad starting space. 653 00:31:09,409 --> 00:31:11,369 - We see going into space, 654 00:31:11,370 --> 00:31:12,667 We all think about this thought. 655 00:31:12,668 --> 00:31:13,996 Here it is 656 00:31:13,997 --> 00:31:16,045 and will be outside there to represent us 657 00:31:16,046 --> 00:31:18,709 for the next five billion years. 658 00:31:18,710 --> 00:31:20,963 - I'm a seven-year-old child who watches it go 659 00:31:20,964 --> 00:31:23,339 and thinking like "Oh I have some little things 660 00:31:23,340 --> 00:31:24,507 " to do that. " 661 00:31:24,508 --> 00:31:26,260 Like there are some parts from me in that. 662 00:31:26,261 --> 00:31:28,177 But there is no real significance. 663 00:31:28,178 --> 00:31:30,852 But it feels like, okay okay, see you. 664 00:31:37,687 --> 00:31:40,190 - There is an explosion of excitement. 665 00:31:41,066 --> 00:31:42,693 We are on our way. 666 00:31:44,611 --> 00:31:45,611 - And then we launch it 667 00:31:45,612 --> 00:31:48,365 and other things go crazy. 668 00:31:50,367 --> 00:31:51,960 Spaceship start do various things 669 00:31:51,961 --> 00:31:55,454 We don't have hope it will happen. 670 00:31:55,455 --> 00:31:57,248 - We are poor people on Earth, 671 00:31:57,249 --> 00:31:59,917 we are like "What is he doing?" 672 00:31:59,918 --> 00:32:01,841 - And when the launch vehicle leaves launchpad, 673 00:32:01,842 --> 00:32:04,258 it must scroll through a certain angle 674 00:32:04,259 --> 00:32:07,096 to get to the right direction for departure. 675 00:32:07,097 --> 00:32:09,764 And the rate is rolled at a much higher level 676 00:32:09,765 --> 00:32:12,977 rather than spacecraft which usually fly. 677 00:32:12,978 --> 00:32:14,771 So, the gyro touches the stop. 678 00:32:14,772 --> 00:32:16,142 This is saturated. 679 00:32:16,143 --> 00:32:17,732 - Voyager does not control itself. 680 00:32:17,733 --> 00:32:19,478 This only drives this big rocket, 681 00:32:19,479 --> 00:32:21,230 and it shakes it in such a way 682 00:32:21,231 --> 00:32:23,357 that thought failed, 683 00:32:23,358 --> 00:32:25,573 and because it starts turn off various boxes, 684 00:32:25,574 --> 00:32:26,777 Change to this back-up, 685 00:32:26,778 --> 00:32:27,778 for that back-up. 686 00:32:27,779 --> 00:32:30,326 Trying to find out why all this happened. 687 00:32:30,327 --> 00:32:32,413 - For a few days was really a nail fight. 688 00:32:32,414 --> 00:32:33,748 People ask us, 689 00:32:33,749 --> 00:32:34,994 "Do you lose spacecraft" 690 00:32:34,995 --> 00:32:36,996 and we will say "We don't know for sure," 691 00:32:36,997 --> 00:32:39,582 because we don't know for sure 692 00:32:39,583 --> 00:32:42,793 - And the header reads "Mutiny in Space... 693 00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:44,715 The Voyager spacecraft has decided 694 00:32:44,716 --> 00:32:47,053 it just doesn't want to follow the instructions 695 00:32:47,054 --> 00:32:49,013 that human controllers have given it 696 00:32:49,014 --> 00:32:51,556 and that will do what I want to do. 697 00:32:51,557 --> 00:32:54,477 - Fortunately, people who have written the code 698 00:32:54,478 --> 00:32:56,765 Can say "It's okay. 699 00:32:56,766 --> 00:32:58,437 " This does this, try it, 700 00:32:58,438 --> 00:32:59,812 "This does this, try it," 701 00:32:59,813 --> 00:33:02,480 and calm others. 702 00:33:04,941 --> 00:33:06,614 - All the time doing those crazy things 703 00:33:06,615 --> 00:33:08,819 it does exactly what we have 704 00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:10,404 designed to be done together. 705 00:33:11,406 --> 00:33:13,407 - The limit is too tight. 706 00:33:13,408 --> 00:33:15,242 It is necessary to be able to 707 00:33:15,243 --> 00:33:18,204 to shake more and vibrate more. 708 00:33:18,205 --> 00:33:21,300 And long telemetry will not exist 709 00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:24,793 be solid as people expect. 710 00:33:24,794 --> 00:33:26,170 So all that 711 00:33:26,171 --> 00:33:28,923 That has caused problems with Voyager Two 712 00:33:28,924 --> 00:33:31,677 then solved for Voyager One. 713 00:33:32,677 --> 00:33:33,802 - Titan Centaur 6 714 00:33:33,803 --> 00:33:35,179 has taken off at 8:56 from here 715 00:33:35,180 --> 00:33:36,976 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. 716 00:33:36,977 --> 00:33:38,894 - When Voyager One was appointed, 717 00:33:38,895 --> 00:33:40,606 we think everything is fine 718 00:33:40,607 --> 00:33:42,273 And then we begin to hear it, 719 00:33:42,274 --> 00:33:44,318 We call it chat during clean vehicle launches 720 00:33:44,319 --> 00:33:46,440 something that isn't right 721 00:33:46,441 --> 00:33:47,818 - I look at him and he looks like that 722 00:33:47,819 --> 00:33:48,862 he is a little worried 723 00:33:48,863 --> 00:33:50,574 And I said, "What's wrong, Charley?" 724 00:33:50,575 --> 00:33:51,822 And he said "I don't know, 725 00:33:51,823 --> 00:33:55,074 "I don't think we will succeed, you know." 726 00:33:55,075 --> 00:33:56,951 There is a leak in the propellant line, 727 00:33:56,952 --> 00:33:58,829 and we lost propellant to the sea. 728 00:33:58,830 --> 00:34:00,454 So when it's burning, 729 00:34:00,455 --> 00:34:02,456 the propellant runs away from the launch vehicle. 730 00:34:02,457 --> 00:34:04,175 And that is why the second stage never existed 731 00:34:04,176 --> 00:34:05,918 to give a full boost 732 00:34:05,919 --> 00:34:07,590 because it ran out of fuel. 733 00:34:07,591 --> 00:34:09,885 - And the upper part which is Centaur, 734 00:34:09,886 --> 00:34:12,383 liquid, hydrogen, and oxygen 735 00:34:12,384 --> 00:34:14,009 must redeem it. 736 00:34:14,010 --> 00:34:15,224 - And the Centaur stage 737 00:34:15,225 --> 00:34:16,559 that is doing coaching. 738 00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:18,774 So Centaur knows that is not up 739 00:34:18,775 --> 00:34:20,266 speed needed 740 00:34:20,267 --> 00:34:23,310 And when separating yourself from the second stage 741 00:34:23,311 --> 00:34:25,109 it knows it must burn again 742 00:34:25,110 --> 00:34:27,147 to increase speed. 743 00:34:27,148 --> 00:34:30,150 - Centaur, to reach parking orbit, 744 00:34:30,151 --> 00:34:33,904 must use 1,200 pounds of additional propellant. 745 00:34:33,905 --> 00:34:35,157 Now we all think, 746 00:34:35,158 --> 00:34:37,250 will it be enough left in the tank 747 00:34:37,251 --> 00:34:39,201 make a normal injection? 748 00:34:39,202 --> 00:34:41,330 Or will it run out of fuel? 749 00:34:43,790 --> 00:34:47,376 Fortunately, it's already three and a half seconds 750 00:34:47,377 --> 00:34:50,927 thrusting left before running into depletion fuel. 751 00:34:50,928 --> 00:34:52,923 Three and a half seconds, 752 00:34:52,924 --> 00:34:56,010 Being Voyager One is almost unsuccessful. 753 00:34:56,011 --> 00:34:57,228 - Will not get enough speed 754 00:34:57,229 --> 00:34:58,762 to get to Jupiter, you know 755 00:34:58,763 --> 00:35:00,481 So instead of getting to to Jupiter, you know, 756 00:35:00,482 --> 00:35:02,062 we have almost reached Jupiter 757 00:35:02,063 --> 00:35:03,976 and then we go back to Matahari, 758 00:35:03,977 --> 00:35:05,102 that won't be good. 759 00:35:07,272 --> 00:35:11,859 ♫ I watch the distant ♫ ♫ lights go down a long way ♫ 760 00:35:11,860 --> 00:35:16,530 ♫ Disappeared into the evening sky ♫ 761 00:35:16,531 --> 00:35:18,574 ♫ Oh you know I'm with you ♫ 762 00:35:18,575 --> 00:35:21,577 ♫ On your journey ♫ 763 00:35:21,578 --> 00:35:24,330 ♫ Never could say goodbye ♫ 764 00:35:24,331 --> 00:35:26,004 - And of course, 765 00:35:26,005 --> 00:35:29,793 that thought is in our hands. 766 00:35:29,794 --> 00:35:32,713 Now the main reason for this 767 00:35:32,714 --> 00:35:35,341 the mission will soon be revealed, 768 00:35:35,342 --> 00:35:37,426 that's science. 769 00:35:37,427 --> 00:35:38,428 But our role 770 00:35:40,388 --> 00:35:41,310 as a guard, 771 00:35:42,682 --> 00:35:44,025 as ancestors, 772 00:35:46,519 --> 00:35:48,772 our role has finished 773 00:35:49,856 --> 00:35:54,026 ♫ This is just the phase that you will face ♫ 774 00:35:54,027 --> 00:35:55,694 ♫ No, I won't stop you ♫ 775 00:35:55,695 --> 00:35:57,488 That moves. 776 00:35:57,489 --> 00:36:02,451 ♫ Rest ♫ 777 00:36:02,452 --> 00:36:06,497 ♫ Flying across your ocean ♫ 778 00:36:06,498 --> 00:36:08,921 ♫ Rest ♫ 779 00:36:11,461 --> 00:36:15,339 ♫ The time has come for you ♫ 780 00:36:15,340 --> 00:36:17,809 ♫ Rest ♫ 781 00:36:20,345 --> 00:36:24,014 ♫ Flying across your ocean ♫ 782 00:36:24,015 --> 00:36:26,438 ♫ Rest ♫ 783 00:36:29,270 --> 00:36:31,944 ♫ The time has come ♫ 784 00:36:33,066 --> 00:36:35,319 - That's what realizes that past human life, 785 00:36:35,320 --> 00:36:37,491 less than 100 years ago, 87 years ago, 786 00:36:37,492 --> 00:36:40,489 universe consists of one galaxy, 787 00:36:40,490 --> 00:36:41,990 Our Milky Way Galaxy. 788 00:36:41,991 --> 00:36:45,786 In an eternal universe that is static with eternal empty space. 789 00:36:45,787 --> 00:36:48,006 We don't know about hundreds of billion other galaxies 790 00:36:48,007 --> 00:36:50,290 one human being a lifetime ago. 791 00:36:50,291 --> 00:36:52,089 And we don't know the universe is developing 792 00:36:52,090 --> 00:36:55,921 and it was born in the big bang 13.7 billion years ago. 793 00:36:55,922 --> 00:36:57,469 But even strange things 794 00:36:57,470 --> 00:36:58,924 the things I do. 795 00:36:58,925 --> 00:37:01,303 The fact that most of the mass our galaxy is invisible. 796 00:37:01,304 --> 00:37:03,053 It is made of items other than you or me. 797 00:37:03,054 --> 00:37:05,055 We think it's made of some new elementary particles 798 00:37:05,056 --> 00:37:06,890 it really runs through you 799 00:37:06,891 --> 00:37:08,689 and I now also penetrate the earth 800 00:37:08,690 --> 00:37:10,187 Even without realizing it is there. 801 00:37:10,188 --> 00:37:11,904 Even stranger than that is reality The empty space weighs something. 802 00:37:11,905 --> 00:37:14,565 You get rid of all particles and radiation, 803 00:37:14,566 --> 00:37:16,694 You don't have anything there and the weight of something. 804 00:37:16,695 --> 00:37:19,194 And what's more, this is the dominant energy in the universe 805 00:37:19,195 --> 00:37:21,196 806 00:37:21,197 --> 00:37:23,699 and we don't at all know why it exists. 807 00:37:39,632 --> 00:37:41,634 - You can never imagine it. 808 00:37:42,510 --> 00:37:44,353 You can try, but you can't even really imagine it what is the nature of mother actually 809 00:37:44,354 --> 00:37:47,264 already in store 810 00:37:47,265 --> 00:37:49,099 when you get there 811 00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:50,642 Looks like time is really flying. 812 00:37:57,650 --> 00:38:00,244 - I don't think we really fully understand 813 00:38:02,864 --> 00:38:06,118 before Jupiter's first meeting, 814 00:38:06,119 --> 00:38:07,868 how strong it will become. 815 00:38:07,869 --> 00:38:09,667 No, we don't. 816 00:38:09,668 --> 00:38:10,834 We know. 817 00:38:12,832 --> 00:38:13,832 - Is an interesting phenomenon that you 818 00:38:16,961 --> 00:38:18,462 started working on a mission in 1972, 819 00:38:18,463 --> 00:38:21,298 You started in 1977. 820 00:38:21,299 --> 00:38:23,467 821 00:38:23,468 --> 00:38:25,928 All of that, there is no science. 822 00:38:25,929 --> 00:38:27,596 Everything is ready. 823 00:38:27,597 --> 00:38:30,682 And then on March 79, floods. 824 00:38:45,740 --> 00:38:50,118 - Meeting, they crawl on you. 825 00:38:50,119 --> 00:38:52,463 We start what we call the observatory phase 826 00:38:52,464 --> 00:38:54,581 with a long telephoto camera, 827 00:38:54,582 --> 00:38:57,334 and that's when we started looking day after day 828 00:38:57,335 --> 00:39:00,087 Jupiter is bigger and bigger. 829 00:39:00,088 --> 00:39:01,964 - When we approach, every image 830 00:39:01,965 --> 00:39:05,425 is the biggest image ever existed on Jupiter. 831 00:39:05,426 --> 00:39:08,178 - At first, is only a few points 832 00:39:08,179 --> 00:39:10,307 gets bigger on the screen every day. 833 00:39:10,308 --> 00:39:13,225 And when we are getting closer, 834 00:39:13,226 --> 00:39:15,945 the picture becomes more dramatic. 835 00:39:16,938 --> 00:39:19,111 - Very strange, and beautiful, 836 00:39:19,112 --> 00:39:23,283 and now by Voyager revealed in all that is grandeur. 837 00:39:25,947 --> 00:39:27,665 - We try to get as many 838 00:39:27,666 --> 00:39:29,199 as detailed as possible 839 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:32,955 Being a narrow angle camera is 1500 millimeters 840 00:39:33,788 --> 00:39:37,634 and wide angle camera measuring 200 millimeters. 841 00:39:38,668 --> 00:39:40,088 - Does someone care to speculate? what would you say to Galileo Galilei 842 00:39:40,089 --> 00:39:42,507 if he goes into the room today? 843 00:39:42,508 --> 00:39:44,631 - How can you live so long? 844 00:39:45,475 --> 00:39:47,968 - I think Galileo. 845 00:39:54,183 --> 00:39:55,517 - Jupiter is more than 10 times the diameter of the earth. 846 00:39:55,518 --> 00:39:57,441 It's so big! 847 00:39:57,442 --> 00:39:58,687 And especially hydrogen and helium. 848 00:39:58,688 --> 00:39:59,940 849 00:39:59,941 --> 00:40:01,815 There is no solid surface on this planet. 850 00:40:01,816 --> 00:40:05,527 These planets are liquids gas and liquids deep inside. 851 00:40:05,528 --> 00:40:08,122 - Gas compressed more far down you go 852 00:40:08,123 --> 00:40:10,458 and it gets very hot indeed. 853 00:40:12,285 --> 00:40:14,620 You will melt, actually yawn, 854 00:40:14,621 --> 00:40:17,539 If you try to fly through Jupiter. 855 00:40:17,540 --> 00:40:19,416 - Let me first change your statement. 856 00:40:19,417 --> 00:40:20,509 Not that it's wrong. 857 00:40:20,510 --> 00:40:22,502 - Atmospheric scientists 858 00:40:22,503 --> 00:40:25,177 get remote views because we don't see 859 00:40:25,178 --> 00:40:29,176 In the small months, we see the big planet, 860 00:40:29,177 --> 00:40:31,053 and so we can see things happening 861 00:40:31,054 --> 00:40:34,556 before other groups can see something. 862 00:40:34,557 --> 00:40:38,437 And we always the first one starts shouting. 863 00:40:39,479 --> 00:40:43,815 - Even today we don't fly color detectors. 864 00:40:43,816 --> 00:40:45,984 You get a much higher resolution 865 00:40:45,985 --> 00:40:47,736 black and white images 866 00:40:47,737 --> 00:40:49,529 Then when we want to make color, 867 00:40:49,530 --> 00:40:50,998 We take them through different filters 868 00:40:50,999 --> 00:40:52,741 and then on the ground you put it together 869 00:40:52,742 --> 00:40:55,619 and create colored images from it. 870 00:40:55,620 --> 00:40:57,873 - Acceleration is when approaches meeting 871 00:40:57,874 --> 00:41:00,290 Really something that becomes is very, very exciting. 872 00:41:00,291 --> 00:41:02,337 We call it drinking from fire hoses, you know, 873 00:41:02,338 --> 00:41:03,587 You try to sip a little, 874 00:41:03,588 --> 00:41:06,055 and this data stream comes out. 875 00:41:08,716 --> 00:41:11,218 - You go to Jupiter and You have a storm that has 876 00:41:11,219 --> 00:41:13,220 around more than 300 years, 877 00:41:13,221 --> 00:41:14,894 that is the Great Red Spot. 878 00:41:14,895 --> 00:41:18,141 You can fit two or three three Earths in it. 879 00:41:18,142 --> 00:41:19,860 So this is the Red Spot Big and this is the earth 880 00:41:19,861 --> 00:41:21,561 and this is the earth. 881 00:41:21,562 --> 00:41:23,814 That always happens. 882 00:41:23,815 --> 00:41:27,401 And I assume that the current is around 883 00:41:27,402 --> 00:41:29,486 These giant things will happen 884 00:41:29,487 --> 00:41:31,655 smooth like honey 885 00:41:31,656 --> 00:41:35,200 But, when Voyager starts getting close-up images, 886 00:41:35,201 --> 00:41:37,619 we realize that it's very active 887 00:41:37,620 --> 00:41:39,621 And that deepens the mystery 888 00:41:39,622 --> 00:41:42,541 how can this great storm 889 00:41:42,542 --> 00:41:43,634 with all this 890 00:41:44,961 --> 00:41:46,670 turbulence occurs. 891 00:41:46,671 --> 00:41:50,549 - It swallows clouds and spits other people. 892 00:41:50,550 --> 00:41:52,843 We know that it is a vortex, 893 00:41:52,844 --> 00:41:55,063 but to see it in action... 894 00:41:58,433 --> 00:41:59,433 - Every day you wonder 895 00:41:59,434 --> 00:42:01,061 "Do we build spacecraft well enough? 896 00:42:01,062 --> 00:42:03,404 " Do we anticipate all possible things? 897 00:42:03,405 --> 00:42:05,239 "Can it be wrong?" 898 00:42:07,025 --> 00:42:09,198 - Pioneer 10 must measure radiation environment 899 00:42:09,199 --> 00:42:11,361 which is far greater than us 900 00:42:11,362 --> 00:42:13,739 Earth-based interpretations suggested 901 00:42:19,704 --> 00:42:22,125 - You approach this monster basically. 902 00:42:22,126 --> 00:42:23,712 This monster's magnetic field, 903 00:42:23,713 --> 00:42:26,630 radiation environment these monsters are intentional, 904 00:42:26,631 --> 00:42:28,170 because you have to get close 905 00:42:28,171 --> 00:42:29,639 because you want to see all small months, 906 00:42:29,640 --> 00:42:31,381 and clouds, and storms, 907 00:42:31,382 --> 00:42:33,759 and you want to tap to Saturn. 908 00:42:33,760 --> 00:42:37,054 But you don't know whether you will survive. 909 00:42:37,055 --> 00:42:38,272 The problem is fried, you lose the mission. 910 00:42:38,273 --> 00:42:40,107 Still out there physically _ might be intact, 911 00:42:40,108 --> 00:42:44,019 but unable to communicate with it, the mission has ended. 912 00:42:44,020 --> 00:42:47,606 - Two months before sending to Cape for launch, 913 00:42:47,607 --> 00:42:49,775 scientists are predicting 914 00:42:49,776 --> 00:42:52,861 that magnetic field around Jupiter 915 00:42:52,862 --> 00:42:54,455 strong enough that they are 916 00:42:54,456 --> 00:42:57,365 will accelerate particles. 917 00:42:57,366 --> 00:43:00,869 Whoa, we heard initially 40,000 volts, 918 00:43:00,870 --> 00:43:04,081 it will be the end of our spaceship. 919 00:43:04,082 --> 00:43:07,125 This cable in the complement is a conductor 920 00:43:07,126 --> 00:43:09,220 it will bring this pulverizing pulse 921 00:43:09,221 --> 00:43:12,964 and just feed them directly to our system and kill us, 922 00:43:12,965 --> 00:43:15,809 so we have to ground everything. 923 00:43:16,677 --> 00:43:17,599 We don't have time 924 00:43:17,600 --> 00:43:20,305 to go through a normal design review, 925 00:43:20,306 --> 00:43:22,099 so to get this 926 00:43:22,100 --> 00:43:24,101 protection is done fast enough, 927 00:43:24,102 --> 00:43:26,770 an advertising hoe team is formed 928 00:43:26,771 --> 00:43:29,115 and we do some unusual things, 929 00:43:29,116 --> 00:43:31,775 very extraordinary. 930 00:43:31,776 --> 00:43:33,995 I remember asking to one of the technicians 931 00:43:33,996 --> 00:43:36,705 to get out and buy aluminum foil. 932 00:43:37,573 --> 00:43:40,167 That is the only material available to us. 933 00:43:40,168 --> 00:43:43,537 Usually the procurement of our spaceship 934 00:43:43,538 --> 00:43:47,293 hardware inventory, material, much more 935 00:43:48,960 --> 00:43:50,803 sophisticated process 936 00:43:51,712 --> 00:43:53,635 We are all in real rabbit suits 937 00:43:53,636 --> 00:43:55,924 cutting strip continuously 938 00:43:55,925 --> 00:43:59,386 and then clean it with tissue and alcohol. 939 00:43:59,387 --> 00:44:01,981 And then finally wrap all this 940 00:44:01,982 --> 00:44:04,099 Our exterior cabling 941 00:44:04,100 --> 00:44:08,728 But yes, the same material with your Christmas turkey. 942 00:44:08,729 --> 00:44:11,151 I don't think we create any deficiencies. 943 00:44:11,152 --> 00:44:13,026 This might be a local shortage 944 00:44:13,027 --> 00:44:15,699 at a local grocery store for a few days 945 00:44:15,700 --> 00:44:17,737 until they reset correctly. 946 00:44:17,738 --> 00:44:19,990 Your turkey wrap protects Voyager, 947 00:44:19,991 --> 00:44:23,034 and now fast forward, you know, 948 00:44:23,035 --> 00:44:26,037 do we know if we have done enough? 949 00:44:34,463 --> 00:44:37,215 - Amazingly we hear all kinds of sounds. 950 00:44:37,216 --> 00:44:39,593 This is a very strange phenomenon. 951 00:44:39,594 --> 00:44:41,346 You don't expect molecules in 952 00:44:41,347 --> 00:44:43,564 corner of the room to suddenly gather 953 00:44:43,565 --> 00:44:45,640 and start whistling at you. 954 00:44:45,641 --> 00:44:48,986 But in plasma, in this radiation belt, 955 00:44:50,188 --> 00:44:52,230 that can happen 956 00:44:52,231 --> 00:44:53,904 - I will call they sound the radio because 957 00:44:53,905 --> 00:44:56,240 we have to detect them with an antenna. 958 00:44:56,241 --> 00:44:58,782 - If you have an antenna that is right in your ear 959 00:44:58,783 --> 00:45:00,577 You can go out and hear what we record. 960 00:45:03,784 --> 00:45:05,202 - Whistlers. 961 00:45:05,203 --> 00:45:09,206 These things are gone, like that. 962 00:45:09,207 --> 00:45:10,916 Yes, whistlers mean lightning. 963 00:45:10,917 --> 00:45:12,544 That is the first lightning detection 964 00:45:12,545 --> 00:45:14,836 on a planet other than the earth. 965 00:45:14,837 --> 00:45:15,882 Much more intense. 966 00:45:15,883 --> 00:45:17,881 There is lightning on Jupiter 967 00:45:17,882 --> 00:45:20,226 who will go halfway from the east coast 968 00:45:20,227 --> 00:45:22,844 from the United States to the west coast. 969 00:45:22,845 --> 00:45:26,348 So it's very interesting what you hear in space. 970 00:45:30,561 --> 00:45:32,404 - If you are on a flyby mission 971 00:45:32,405 --> 00:45:35,148 there is no second chance. 972 00:45:35,149 --> 00:45:36,441 - We get images, 973 00:45:36,442 --> 00:45:37,864 they get better and better. 974 00:45:37,865 --> 00:45:39,736 And you can start seeing the details 975 00:45:39,737 --> 00:45:41,780 like these months it's getting bigger. 976 00:45:41,781 --> 00:45:42,906 You know the fear you have 977 00:45:42,907 --> 00:45:44,534 is that you don't want to see 978 00:45:44,535 --> 00:45:46,534 many worlds are seen like earth's moon. 979 00:45:46,535 --> 00:45:48,912 Let's face it, it's boring. 980 00:45:48,913 --> 00:45:51,712 - Our mind's eye is oh yeah, we will see 981 00:45:51,713 --> 00:45:54,381 battered ice balls and so on. 982 00:45:55,419 --> 00:45:59,092 When we see Callisto, in essence it's really hammered right? 983 00:45:59,093 --> 00:46:01,011 Saturated with the impact of the crater. 984 00:46:01,012 --> 00:46:03,227 Ganymede shows a lot of interesting things 985 00:46:03,228 --> 00:46:05,136 grooves and ridges. 986 00:46:05,137 --> 00:46:07,856 But it's quite exploding with impact craters. 987 00:46:07,857 --> 00:46:11,068 And when we enter into two parts. 988 00:46:12,186 --> 00:46:15,026 - You can't see the crater in one of them. 989 00:46:15,027 --> 00:46:16,442 Well this is encouraging, 990 00:46:16,443 --> 00:46:18,738 Because now we think maybe this mission 991 00:46:18,739 --> 00:46:22,028 will find a lot of diversity. 992 00:46:22,029 --> 00:46:26,825 - Find this billiard ball , smooth, ice crust 993 00:46:26,826 --> 00:46:28,868 from Europa with a gap in it 994 00:46:28,869 --> 00:46:31,084 and what looks like an ice plate 995 00:46:31,085 --> 00:46:33,545 which may move relative towards each other, 996 00:46:33,546 --> 00:46:34,793 The best explanation for that 997 00:46:34,794 --> 00:46:36,293 is there a thick ocean 998 00:46:36,294 --> 00:46:37,921 liquid water, salt water 999 00:46:37,922 --> 00:46:40,093 Under the ice crust. 1000 00:46:41,340 --> 00:46:43,717 More sea water than the whole Earth, 1001 00:46:43,718 --> 00:46:44,970 Maybe two or three times. 1002 00:46:44,971 --> 00:46:46,845 This is the largest ocean in the solar system 1003 00:46:46,846 --> 00:46:49,014 on the moon around Jupiter. 1004 00:46:49,015 --> 00:46:51,143 - And of course, you know, type of showstopper 1005 00:46:51,144 --> 00:46:54,019 for Voyager, we get to Io. 1006 00:46:54,020 --> 00:46:54,896 - Io, of course, 1007 00:46:54,897 --> 00:46:56,363 Io is the star of the show 1008 00:46:56,364 --> 00:46:58,106 and we don't study it 1009 00:46:58,107 --> 00:47:00,280 until after the meeting 1010 00:47:01,736 --> 00:47:03,329 - Everyone's gone home, 1011 00:47:03,330 --> 00:47:06,740 and Linda Morabito, an engineer whose job is 1012 00:47:06,741 --> 00:47:08,867 is to know the position 1013 00:47:08,868 --> 00:47:10,586 and orbit of a spaceship, 1014 00:47:10,587 --> 00:47:13,457 see some bumps on Io's picture. 1015 00:47:14,957 --> 00:47:16,458 - I'm on a mission 1016 00:47:16,459 --> 00:47:18,668 as a mission navigator, 1017 00:47:18,669 --> 00:47:21,629 and our work just looks back 1018 00:47:21,630 --> 00:47:24,299 above the shoulder of a spaceship 1019 00:47:24,300 --> 00:47:27,804 to say, "Alright, one again picture of Jupiter's nature." 1020 00:47:27,805 --> 00:47:30,805 So it's not a high priority job. 1021 00:47:30,806 --> 00:47:33,850 - That is an optical navigation image, 1022 00:47:33,851 --> 00:47:37,606 and Linda saw this strange thing in the branch. 1023 00:47:38,731 --> 00:47:42,609 - Large objects appear, very large. 1024 00:47:42,610 --> 00:47:45,830 And the first thing I said to myself, "What is that?!" 1025 00:47:45,831 --> 00:47:49,542 And it seems like is like other satellites 1026 00:47:50,785 --> 00:47:54,746 in the picture appears behind Io. 1027 00:47:54,747 --> 00:47:56,790 An object whose size is 1028 00:47:56,791 --> 00:47:58,543 At that distance, at that distance, 1029 00:47:58,544 --> 00:47:59,885 will be seen from Earth, 1030 00:47:59,886 --> 00:48:02,379 it's pretty big 1031 00:48:02,380 --> 00:48:03,922 I feel with certainty, 1032 00:48:03,923 --> 00:48:05,011 that is the only thing I know, 1033 00:48:05,012 --> 00:48:08,637 that I see something that has never been seen before. 1034 00:48:08,638 --> 00:48:11,389 This is an umbrella-shaped umbrella 1035 00:48:12,598 --> 00:48:14,350 up 250 kilometers 1036 00:48:16,060 --> 00:48:18,228 above the Io 1037 00:48:18,229 --> 00:48:20,522 surface with volcanic activity. 1038 00:48:24,402 --> 00:48:26,861 I found the first proof 1039 00:48:26,862 --> 00:48:29,197 active volcanism 1040 00:48:29,198 --> 00:48:31,576 in the outer world. 1041 00:48:35,454 --> 00:48:37,544 - It is very difficult for to believe that the moon is small 1042 00:48:37,545 --> 00:48:39,668 Can have 10 times volcanic activity of the Earth, 1043 00:48:39,669 --> 00:48:41,418 which is the only known active volcano 1044 00:48:41,419 --> 00:48:43,509 in the solar system there is on Earth. 1045 00:48:43,510 --> 00:48:44,676 And then there's Io. 1046 00:48:44,677 --> 00:48:47,048 Suddenly we have realized 1047 00:48:47,049 --> 00:48:49,467 This is a different trip from us. 1048 00:48:49,468 --> 00:48:50,513 - I want to say one more thing. 1049 00:48:50,514 --> 00:48:51,888 We have said that may have some 1050 00:48:51,889 --> 00:48:53,638 The funny way in which Jupiter devoured 1051 00:48:53,639 --> 00:48:55,140 all things that enter 1052 00:48:55,141 --> 00:48:57,109 and that doesn't let Io be hit by anyone. 1053 00:48:57,110 --> 00:49:00,728 Well, we direct the space plane space and go very close. 1054 00:49:00,729 --> 00:49:02,318 If we miss we will do it 1055 00:49:02,319 --> 00:49:03,611 First impact crater. 1056 00:49:05,359 --> 00:49:07,361 - Flyby is basically 1057 00:49:08,404 --> 00:49:12,282 infidelity for a week, 24 hours a day. 1058 00:49:12,283 --> 00:49:13,741 It's intense. 1059 00:49:13,742 --> 00:49:15,994 - There will be a Voyager 1060 00:49:15,995 --> 00:49:17,829 report in 30 seconds. 1061 00:49:26,422 --> 00:49:28,265 - Instant science because there will be 1062 00:49:28,266 --> 00:49:29,471 a press conference that night 1063 00:49:29,472 --> 00:49:30,637 This image goes down, 1064 00:49:30,638 --> 00:49:32,010 and you have three hours 1065 00:49:32,011 --> 00:49:33,431 to find out what's happening 1066 00:49:33,432 --> 00:49:35,180 and then tell the world about it. 1067 00:49:35,181 --> 00:49:37,140 Oh, there's no pressure there right? 1068 00:49:38,476 --> 00:49:40,768 - Limit to part of biology 1069 00:49:40,769 --> 00:49:41,689 get to that way 1070 00:49:41,690 --> 00:49:42,563 I mean, you're hungry, 1071 00:49:42,564 --> 00:49:43,771 You are tired, you know, 1072 00:49:43,772 --> 00:49:44,864 You have to go to the bathroom, 1073 00:49:44,865 --> 00:49:46,653 I mean, you will lose something! 1074 00:49:46,654 --> 00:49:48,196 You don't want to lose anything 1075 00:49:48,197 --> 00:49:50,663 Because every 48 seconds the new image will go down. 1076 00:49:55,242 --> 00:49:56,493 - No one sleeps 1077 00:49:56,494 --> 00:49:58,087 on one of these flybys 1078 00:49:58,088 --> 00:50:00,997 When the spaceship will slide past the past. 1079 00:50:00,998 --> 00:50:04,459 The photo lab works day and night, 1080 00:50:04,460 --> 00:50:07,086 and people are sleeping in their cars. 1081 00:50:13,010 --> 00:50:16,930 - Too exciting to sleep. 1082 00:50:47,169 --> 00:50:48,421 - This is the first image 1083 00:50:48,422 --> 00:50:50,338 every Jupiter ring. 1084 00:50:56,512 --> 00:50:58,810 - Jupiter really extraordinary. 1085 00:50:58,811 --> 00:51:01,980 It was only an invention after discovery. 1086 00:51:03,435 --> 00:51:05,311 - You don't get something for free 1087 00:51:05,312 --> 00:51:07,564 Energy and momentum must be conserved. 1088 00:51:07,565 --> 00:51:11,818 So when the Voyager takes 35,000 miles per hour of speed, 1089 00:51:11,819 --> 00:51:15,154 You are actually, as long as it's swingby, 1090 00:51:15,155 --> 00:51:17,699 slow down Jupiter in it is orbit 1091 00:51:17,700 --> 00:51:20,294 with one foot per trillion years. 1092 00:51:22,413 --> 00:51:23,583 - Jupiter is a game-changer. 1093 00:51:23,584 --> 00:51:25,549 Jupiter resets all registers. 1094 00:51:25,550 --> 00:51:28,543 Now we are really ready for something. 1095 00:51:28,544 --> 00:51:30,217 And to find out that this is only very, 1096 00:51:30,218 --> 00:51:32,505 very early on this trip. 1097 00:51:32,506 --> 00:51:34,007 If we are fascinated by Jupiter, 1098 00:51:34,008 --> 00:51:36,509 Just wait until we reach Saturn. 1099 00:51:40,222 --> 00:51:43,016 - Voyager for me is Homer. 1100 00:51:43,017 --> 00:51:44,940 It's been a few years 1101 00:51:45,811 --> 00:51:48,358 crossing the solar system from one planet to another planet 1102 00:51:48,359 --> 00:51:50,073 and then it's one or two weeks 1103 00:51:50,074 --> 00:51:54,277 frenzied activity, and discovery, and conquest, 1104 00:51:54,278 --> 00:51:56,372 and then, back to the ship, 1105 00:51:56,373 --> 00:52:00,074 paddle in water and then to the next conquest. 1106 00:52:09,710 --> 00:52:11,461 - My father is Carl Sagan, 1107 00:52:11,462 --> 00:52:14,005 and my mother is Linda Salzman Sagan, 1108 00:52:14,006 --> 00:52:16,304 and he is an writer and artist and he designed it 1109 00:52:16,305 --> 00:52:18,259 Pioneer icon plaque. 1110 00:52:18,260 --> 00:52:19,555 He is really interesting, 1111 00:52:19,556 --> 00:52:21,647 and it is he who gets all the greetings 1112 00:52:21,648 --> 00:52:24,140 for Voyager Golden Record. 1113 00:52:24,141 --> 00:52:25,017 I like to think about it, 1114 00:52:25,018 --> 00:52:26,142 that he is sort of put together 1115 00:52:26,143 --> 00:52:30,563 sort of chorus of sounds greetings to the stars. 1116 00:52:38,072 --> 00:52:39,864 My parents want a small child 1117 00:52:39,865 --> 00:52:42,080 to have a sound from one sound. 1118 00:52:42,081 --> 00:52:43,534 And they just met me someday 1119 00:52:43,535 --> 00:52:45,411 and say, "Nick, if you want to leave a message 1120 00:52:45,412 --> 00:52:47,251 " For strangers if that happens, 1121 00:52:47,252 --> 00:52:49,466 "What do you want to say to them?" 1122 00:52:52,628 --> 00:52:55,797 Hello from the children of planet earth. 1123 00:52:55,798 --> 00:52:57,300 "Oh, hello from children planet earth." 1124 00:52:57,301 --> 00:53:00,051 That's what I will say to strangers. 1125 00:53:00,052 --> 00:53:04,389 They like that and they say, "Good, let's record you." 1126 00:53:04,390 --> 00:53:06,432 It's a little fuzzy. 1127 00:53:06,433 --> 00:53:07,772 Like the only thing I know 1128 00:53:07,773 --> 00:53:08,981 that I remember from that moment on 1129 00:53:08,982 --> 00:53:10,978 is a small recording and level 1130 00:53:10,979 --> 00:53:13,198 who goes red if you talk too much. 1131 00:53:13,199 --> 00:53:15,441 This 70s, kind... 1132 00:53:15,442 --> 00:53:17,281 So I remember that, and I remember watching 1133 00:53:17,282 --> 00:53:19,946 Needles move when I speak and see where it can. 1134 00:53:19,947 --> 00:53:20,992 Oh, it's approaching red 1135 00:53:20,993 --> 00:53:21,990 but actually doesn't go red, 1136 00:53:21,991 --> 00:53:23,458 okay, that might be good 1137 00:53:23,459 --> 00:53:27,245 and handwriting that is not so great this is from the age of six. 1138 00:53:27,246 --> 00:53:28,371 Not that it's now much better. 1139 00:53:28,372 --> 00:53:30,623 It says "Hello from children Planet Plan-et." 1140 00:53:30,624 --> 00:53:32,092 I think I have a little hyphen because 1141 00:53:32,093 --> 00:53:33,923 I run out of space for the planet. 1142 00:53:33,924 --> 00:53:35,795 And I draw something 1143 00:53:35,796 --> 00:53:37,672 I think I think later is the tree 1144 00:53:37,673 --> 00:53:39,141 But other people say that it is a rocket ship. 1145 00:53:39,142 --> 00:53:42,011 And I think I'm more focused on my ugly image 1146 00:53:42,012 --> 00:53:44,183 than I am in any performance 1147 00:53:44,184 --> 00:53:46,978 from how I will say this line 1148 00:53:47,808 --> 00:53:48,650 And so it is. 1149 00:53:48,651 --> 00:53:50,059 And then I, you know, 1150 00:53:50,060 --> 00:53:54,105 drink my apple juice and return to my book. 1151 00:53:54,106 --> 00:53:56,196 It really wasn't until long ago 1152 00:53:56,197 --> 00:53:57,442 that kind of awesome 1153 00:53:57,443 --> 00:54:00,027 what it means to really hit me 1154 00:54:11,123 --> 00:54:13,124 - The reason I was chosen is because 1155 00:54:13,125 --> 00:54:14,625 I am something special 1156 00:54:14,626 --> 00:54:16,878 I happened to be there at the right time 1157 00:54:16,879 --> 00:54:18,051 in the right place 1158 00:54:18,052 --> 00:54:21,007 And people know that I speak Arabic. 1159 00:54:21,008 --> 00:54:22,925 So I'm lucky. 1160 00:54:22,926 --> 00:54:23,768 - I say "why me?" 1161 00:54:23,769 --> 00:54:27,221 They said "Because you fluent in Portuguese." 1162 00:54:27,222 --> 00:54:29,270 - I don't get any instructions 1163 00:54:29,271 --> 00:54:31,184 about what to say 1164 00:54:31,185 --> 00:54:33,269 Unless it needs to be short. 1165 00:54:33,270 --> 00:54:35,146 - Greetings for universe almost like 1166 00:54:35,147 --> 00:54:37,315 proto tweet, first tweet. 1167 00:54:37,316 --> 00:54:39,284 Keep it short, keep it simple. 1168 00:54:39,285 --> 00:54:42,320 And I have about 5 minutes warning 1169 00:54:42,321 --> 00:54:44,164 before I recorded 1170 00:54:45,073 --> 00:54:47,617 They say, "We make notes 1171 00:54:47,618 --> 00:54:49,619 " Up the spaceship. " 1172 00:54:49,620 --> 00:54:52,288 And it's very scary. 1173 00:54:57,836 --> 00:54:59,337 Unlike the rule book 1174 00:54:59,338 --> 00:55:00,551 for what you have to say 1175 00:55:00,552 --> 00:55:02,799 When you greet nature universe. 1176 00:55:09,556 --> 00:55:12,642 Which means peace and happiness for everyone. 1177 00:55:12,643 --> 00:55:15,102 It seems like a safe thing to say 1178 00:55:15,103 --> 00:55:17,396 If you meet some aliens. 1179 00:55:17,397 --> 00:55:21,573 Instead of saying bring me to your leader or whatever . 1180 00:55:29,535 --> 00:55:31,953 - Because the equipment is cold, 1181 00:55:31,954 --> 00:55:34,497 the spacecraft is lifeless 1182 00:55:34,498 --> 00:55:37,500 Even the note itself is metal. 1183 00:55:37,501 --> 00:55:40,545 I just want my voice to convey warmth 1184 00:55:40,546 --> 00:55:42,264 and to make contact. 1185 00:55:49,346 --> 00:55:53,850 And that means greetings to our friends in the sky. 1186 00:55:53,851 --> 00:55:56,229 We want to meet you someday. 1187 00:56:05,195 --> 00:56:07,118 - There are some parts of me 1188 00:56:07,119 --> 00:56:09,448 That is a traveler on the ship. 1189 00:56:09,449 --> 00:56:11,370 It just goes, it just goes. 1190 00:56:11,371 --> 00:56:12,961 Keep going, it will continue to run. 1191 00:56:12,962 --> 00:56:15,913 When I have been away for a long time, it will continue. 1192 00:56:15,914 --> 00:56:18,085 And it's like a little piece of magic. 1193 00:56:18,086 --> 00:56:21,428 Hello from the children of planet Earth 1194 00:56:23,130 --> 00:56:24,380 ♫ in your mind ♫ 1195 00:56:24,381 --> 00:56:28,306 ♫ You have the capacity you know ♫ 1196 00:56:29,553 --> 00:56:32,138 ♫ For telepath messages ♫ 1197 00:56:32,139 --> 00:56:35,266 ♫ Through a wide unknown ♫ 1198 00:56:35,267 --> 00:56:36,934 ♫ Please close your eyes ♫ 1199 00:56:36,935 --> 00:56:38,769 ♫ And concentrate ♫ 1200 00:56:38,770 --> 00:56:43,399 ♫ With every thought you think ♫ 1201 00:56:43,400 --> 00:56:45,902 ♫ After reading ♫ 1202 00:56:45,903 --> 00:56:49,123 ♫ We will sing ♫ 1203 00:56:52,117 --> 00:56:54,410 ♫ Contacting residents ♫ 1204 00:56:54,411 --> 00:56:56,621 ♫ From interplanetary crafts ♫ 1205 00:56:56,622 --> 00:56:57,839 - I want to know the answer 1206 00:56:57,840 --> 00:56:58,873 Are we alone? 1207 00:56:58,874 --> 00:57:01,464 I want to know the answer to that question. 1208 00:57:01,465 --> 00:57:03,633 - There must be another civilization. 1209 00:57:03,634 --> 00:57:06,255 Those numbers only force it. 1210 00:57:06,256 --> 00:57:07,974 But almost statistics are not possible 1211 00:57:07,975 --> 00:57:09,513 not from TripAdvisor other life forms and other life forms 1212 00:57:10,510 --> 00:57:12,683 which has evolved to state intelligence and so on. 1213 00:57:12,684 --> 00:57:16,855 - The bigger you think space is, 1214 00:57:18,310 --> 00:57:19,232 the bigger the probability is there. 1215 00:57:19,233 --> 00:57:22,647 The less likely you will find it 1216 00:57:22,648 --> 00:57:24,821 Because they are needles in unlimited straw stacks. 1217 00:57:24,822 --> 00:57:29,236 ♫ And one night we will make ♫ 1218 00:57:29,237 --> 00:57:31,697 ♫ Contact with you ♫ 1219 00:57:31,698 --> 00:57:34,700 - I say, I think that smart life, 1220 00:57:34,701 --> 00:57:37,045 1221 00:57:37,046 --> 00:57:39,622 if we can put ourselves in it. 1222 00:57:39,623 --> 00:57:40,840 In that categorization. 1223 00:57:40,841 --> 00:57:42,541 It's so common that I will do it 1224 00:57:42,542 --> 00:57:44,669 bet you right now 1225 00:57:44,670 --> 00:57:46,337 there are two people 1226 00:57:46,338 --> 00:57:48,547 Maybe one male and one female 1227 00:57:48,548 --> 00:57:50,299 have the exact same conversation 1228 00:57:50,300 --> 00:57:52,394 that you and I have right now. 1229 00:57:52,395 --> 00:57:56,562 I think that's how life is prevalent in the universe. 1230 00:58:00,018 --> 00:58:03,818 - They might try contacting our right now. 1231 00:58:03,819 --> 00:58:07,024 I predict passing through this room now radio messages that we can detect 1232 00:58:07,025 --> 00:58:10,152 with equipment that we can build 1233 00:58:10,153 --> 00:58:11,826 1234 00:58:11,827 --> 00:58:14,991 If we know where to direct the detector 1235 00:58:14,992 --> 00:58:17,495 and what frequency must be tuned. 1236 00:58:19,079 --> 00:58:20,547 And here is this room. 1237 00:58:20,548 --> 00:58:22,790 And that is mind boggling. 1238 00:58:22,791 --> 00:58:25,715 They are here, they are right in the room now. 1239 00:58:29,381 --> 00:58:31,429 - Large division with extraterrestrial life 1240 00:58:31,430 --> 00:58:33,348 not time space. 1241 00:58:36,054 --> 00:58:39,058 - Depends how long it will last 1242 00:58:39,059 --> 00:58:40,975 Our civilization survives. 1243 00:58:40,976 --> 00:58:43,978 And how long is the last civilization because 1244 00:58:43,979 --> 00:58:45,231 You have to make them overlap 1245 00:58:45,232 --> 00:58:47,073 for us to communicate. 1246 00:58:49,109 --> 00:58:51,906 - In our galaxy, our sun is relatively young. 1247 00:58:51,907 --> 00:58:53,904 Its age is around 12 million years, 1248 00:58:53,905 --> 00:58:55,120 Our sun is four and a half billion years old. 1249 00:58:55,121 --> 00:58:56,660 There are many stars that are much older. 1250 00:58:56,661 --> 00:58:58,001 Therefore you can imagine some 1251 00:58:58,002 --> 00:58:59,789 civilization around stars like that 1252 00:58:59,790 --> 00:59:01,328 have witnessed the shape of our Earth 1253 00:59:01,329 --> 00:59:02,670 for the past four and a half billion years. 1254 00:59:02,671 --> 00:59:04,507 Well, for the past four and a half billion years, 1255 00:59:04,508 --> 00:59:06,917 the only proof of intelligent life 1256 00:59:06,918 --> 00:59:08,511 will be in the last 50 or 60 years 1257 00:59:08,512 --> 00:59:10,254 by watching Star Trek or I Love Lucy 1258 00:59:10,255 --> 00:59:12,089 or whatever signal we send. 1259 00:59:12,090 --> 00:59:13,090 So even if you know, 1260 00:59:13,091 --> 00:59:15,888 Even if someone says to you seeing that star, 1261 00:59:15,889 --> 00:59:17,807 and then see the third stone of the star, 1262 00:59:17,808 --> 00:59:18,929 and that's where you will find life. 1263 00:59:18,930 --> 00:59:21,645 Even if they know which object to look for, 1264 00:59:21,646 --> 00:59:23,187 there is only a period of 50 years 1265 00:59:23,188 --> 00:59:25,061 more than five billion years almost 1266 00:59:25,062 --> 00:59:28,862 where you can find smart life. 1267 00:59:30,484 --> 00:59:32,953 - If we are alone then we are truly unique, 1268 00:59:32,954 --> 00:59:35,321 and how it happened and why we 1269 00:59:35,322 --> 00:59:36,867 and how are we so special? 1270 00:59:36,868 --> 00:59:38,911 but like that it's far away 1271 00:59:38,912 --> 00:59:41,037 A kind of humdrum part of the universe? 1272 00:59:41,038 --> 00:59:43,583 And if we are not alone, how can we all get here? 1273 00:59:43,584 --> 00:59:44,919 and can we learn about ourselves? 1274 00:59:44,920 --> 00:59:46,836 by this other group? 1275 00:59:46,837 --> 00:59:49,177 What they like and what they are 1276 00:59:49,178 --> 00:59:52,546 our dreams or our nightmares? 1277 00:59:52,547 --> 00:59:54,298 - I think what will save us is that 1278 00:59:54,299 --> 00:59:57,265 Distant star travel is harder than we thought. 1279 00:59:57,266 --> 01:00:00,184 And we are safe for a long time _ from aliens 1280 01:00:00,185 --> 01:00:03,808 Because they also don't know how travel very far. 1281 01:00:03,809 --> 01:00:07,311 We are all trapped in the planets we have. 1282 01:00:17,614 --> 01:00:19,036 - Things about the Voyager 1283 01:00:19,037 --> 01:00:21,450 mission from Jupiter to Saturn is the short one 1284 01:00:21,451 --> 01:00:23,619 space between them. 1285 01:00:23,620 --> 01:00:25,496 Jupiter to Saturn is the same as that. 1286 01:00:25,497 --> 01:00:26,997 That's very fast. 1287 01:00:35,132 --> 01:00:37,430 It's easy to think of Jupiter as a bully, 1288 01:00:37,431 --> 01:00:40,261 This is the alpha male of the solar system. 1289 01:00:40,262 --> 01:00:41,554 There are no questions. 1290 01:00:41,555 --> 01:00:45,015 I think Saturn is magnificent with rings 1291 01:00:45,016 --> 01:00:48,853 gives a sense of beauty and tranquility. 1292 01:00:48,854 --> 01:00:52,022 And the type of month that submits 1293 01:00:52,023 --> 01:00:54,196 and somewhat knocked out. 1294 01:00:55,277 --> 01:00:56,904 - We start with existing images 1295 01:00:56,905 --> 01:00:59,738 Maybe not better than what you can get from the ground. 1296 01:00:59,739 --> 01:01:01,582 And then continue to be more good, better and better 1297 01:01:01,583 --> 01:01:03,659 as you get closer. 1298 01:01:03,660 --> 01:01:07,246 What will we see when we are really close? 1299 01:01:07,247 --> 01:01:08,998 - After seeing Saturn in the telescope 1300 01:01:08,999 --> 01:01:11,218 with a visible ring like this tiny little ear 1301 01:01:11,219 --> 01:01:13,752 on both sides, until now see the details 1302 01:01:13,753 --> 01:01:15,588 and the beauty of Saturn's rings. 1303 01:01:15,589 --> 01:01:17,387 You know, it seems, is almost like the plot 1304 01:01:17,388 --> 01:01:19,133 on phonograph records 1305 01:01:19,134 --> 01:01:21,886 Ring of Saturn, what's wrong? 1306 01:01:21,887 --> 01:01:23,637 Billions of ice particles, 1307 01:01:23,638 --> 01:01:25,890 several house sizes. 1308 01:01:25,891 --> 01:01:26,983 They are very large, far wider 1309 01:01:26,984 --> 01:01:29,069 than many earths combined with 1310 01:01:29,070 --> 01:01:32,188 but less than a kilometer thick. 1311 01:01:32,189 --> 01:01:34,942 - We got there and we found that it was a blizzard 1312 01:01:34,943 --> 01:01:36,989 of features in the entire ring, 1313 01:01:36,990 --> 01:01:39,653 and it becomes very complex. 1314 01:01:52,125 --> 01:01:54,460 We become addicts. 1315 01:01:54,461 --> 01:01:55,838 Who, that's how it will be 1316 01:01:55,839 --> 01:01:58,380 a planet flying addict, 1317 01:01:58,381 --> 01:01:59,596 That's because you have passed 1318 01:01:59,597 --> 01:02:01,264 one of them and you just know that is the biggest feeling 1319 01:02:01,265 --> 01:02:04,428 and you want to continue do it again and again. 1320 01:02:04,429 --> 01:02:05,772 - In some cases, 1321 01:02:06,890 --> 01:02:08,103 Maybe about one year from now 1322 01:02:08,104 --> 01:02:09,646 it's possible to put all of this 1323 01:02:09,647 --> 01:02:11,065 into perspective 1324 01:02:12,145 --> 01:02:14,438 But right now, 1325 01:02:14,439 --> 01:02:16,941 I don't remember being in like that 1326 01:02:16,942 --> 01:02:21,862 euphoria of the country for previous planetary encounters. 1327 01:02:21,863 --> 01:02:24,657 Including our two extraordinary ones Voyager meets on Jupiter. 1328 01:02:24,658 --> 01:02:27,368 - Saturn's biggest moon, 1329 01:02:57,482 --> 01:02:58,779 Titan is the most extraordinary place. 1330 01:02:58,780 --> 01:03:01,153 There is a dense methane atmosphere 1331 01:03:01,154 --> 01:03:03,821 where organic chemistry complex has taken place 1332 01:03:03,822 --> 01:03:06,325 for maybe billions of years, 1333 01:03:06,326 --> 01:03:07,917 and we are at the moment extraordinary discovery. 1334 01:03:07,918 --> 01:03:12,830 - We have both spacecraft programmed 1335 01:03:12,831 --> 01:03:15,129 to do the same mission at Saturn, 1336 01:03:15,130 --> 01:03:17,584 and that is the main mission 1337 01:03:17,585 --> 01:03:19,258 and that involves Titan. 1338 01:03:19,259 --> 01:03:21,097 1339 01:03:22,215 --> 01:03:23,592 - There are a number of great scientific interests 1340 01:03:23,593 --> 01:03:25,217 on Titan because many people think 1341 01:03:25,218 --> 01:03:26,513 that at the beginning of our own history, 1342 01:03:26,514 --> 01:03:28,184 our own planet might be like that 1343 01:03:28,185 --> 01:03:31,557 with a little oxygen, lots of hydrocarbons, 1344 01:03:31,558 --> 01:03:34,435 The atmosphere is very thick, different, salty 1345 01:03:34,436 --> 01:03:37,938 That changes dramatically in our planet by life. 1346 01:03:37,939 --> 01:03:39,690 So if you want to understand the initial conditions, 1347 01:03:39,691 --> 01:03:40,908 go learn Titan 1348 01:03:41,860 --> 01:03:44,657 - If Voyager One succeeds on Titan, 1349 01:03:44,658 --> 01:03:47,908 Voyager Two, the nine months behind go to Saturn, 1350 01:03:47,909 --> 01:03:49,908 will be free to continue 1351 01:03:49,909 --> 01:03:51,660 Uranus and go to Neptune. 1352 01:03:51,661 --> 01:03:55,748 But that depends on Voyager One who made it on Titan. 1353 01:03:55,749 --> 01:03:59,049 - Because Voyager One must be in a certain place 1354 01:03:59,050 --> 01:04:00,794 to get past Titan, 1355 01:04:00,795 --> 01:04:03,342 it can't go to Uranus and Neptune. 1356 01:04:03,343 --> 01:04:05,217 There is no way to bend the trajectory 1357 01:04:05,218 --> 01:04:06,889 to go somewhere else 1358 01:04:07,969 --> 01:04:11,764 - Voyager Two will definitely do the same thing 1359 01:04:11,765 --> 01:04:13,932 if Voyager One fails 1360 01:04:13,933 --> 01:04:16,812 We will go like this , there are no more planets. 1361 01:04:16,813 --> 01:04:18,400 - That will be very difficult You will try Titan again 1362 01:04:18,401 --> 01:04:20,194 and give up two other worlds, Uranus and Neptune? 1363 01:04:20,195 --> 01:04:24,693 - So there is a lot of pressure on Voyager One. 1364 01:04:24,694 --> 01:04:29,615 1365 01:04:29,616 --> 01:04:30,741 - Most of what we see 1366 01:04:30,742 --> 01:04:33,827 is a giant ball of brown smoke 1367 01:04:33,828 --> 01:04:37,753 with a kind of mist electric blue on it. 1368 01:04:38,917 --> 01:04:40,089 - With the Voyager camera, 1369 01:04:40,090 --> 01:04:43,504 You can't see through clouds and smog. 1370 01:04:49,386 --> 01:04:52,096 Now radio signals from spacecraft 1371 01:04:52,097 --> 01:04:54,769 goes through the atmosphere of the planet, 1372 01:04:54,770 --> 01:04:56,313 and that gives them size 1373 01:04:56,314 --> 01:04:58,435 from the pressure on the surface 1374 01:04:58,436 --> 01:05:00,732 and also the temperature on the surface. 1375 01:05:00,733 --> 01:05:02,323 So we learned a lot 1376 01:05:02,324 --> 01:05:05,442 Titan from the radio signal. 1377 01:05:05,443 --> 01:05:07,194 - Titan does not reveal itself 1378 01:05:07,195 --> 01:05:08,991 to the Voyager camera. 1379 01:05:08,992 --> 01:05:11,240 But the spectrometer and radio science 1380 01:05:11,241 --> 01:05:13,992 make a big contribution to chemistry 1381 01:05:13,993 --> 01:05:17,918 and atmospheric physics and interior. 1382 01:05:23,002 --> 01:05:24,253 - We have collected what we can 1383 01:05:24,254 --> 01:05:26,338 with the Voyager spacecraft. 1384 01:05:26,339 --> 01:05:28,307 - Little to be gained 1385 01:05:28,308 --> 01:05:31,260 by doing flyby near another Titan. 1386 01:05:31,261 --> 01:05:32,678 - Shortly after, 1387 01:05:32,679 --> 01:05:33,974 NASA Headquarters agrees 1388 01:05:33,975 --> 01:05:35,940 that we must continue with Voyager Two 1389 01:05:35,941 --> 01:05:37,724 On it is the Uranus path. 1390 01:05:37,725 --> 01:05:40,103 So Voyager One has succeeded. 1391 01:05:41,729 --> 01:05:43,197 - People don't realize how we barely 1392 01:05:43,198 --> 01:05:45,441 Have that mission to Uranus and Neptune. 1393 01:05:45,442 --> 01:05:47,240 We have almost no Grand Tour 1394 01:05:47,241 --> 01:05:50,904 if not because of the success of Voyager One on Titan. 1395 01:05:50,905 --> 01:05:54,199 - Voyager One finished and began to recede 1396 01:05:54,200 --> 01:05:56,294 solar system with the angle above 1397 01:05:56,295 --> 01:05:58,038 plain from the planet. 1398 01:05:59,080 --> 01:06:01,799 - So the mission of the Voyager One planet is almost 1399 01:06:01,800 --> 01:06:03,293 ends there 1400 01:06:04,502 --> 01:06:06,295 Come back later. 1401 01:06:17,390 --> 01:06:19,016 We get images and other data 1402 01:06:19,017 --> 01:06:20,356 back from Voyager Two. 1403 01:06:20,357 --> 01:06:21,727 But at some point in time, 1404 01:06:21,728 --> 01:06:23,524 it must be behind this planet 1405 01:06:23,525 --> 01:06:25,567 and that prevents us from getting 1406 01:06:25,568 --> 01:06:27,361 radio signal to earth 1407 01:06:27,362 --> 01:06:29,452 And that happened at midnight. 1408 01:06:29,453 --> 01:06:31,737 It appears several times several hours 1409 01:06:31,738 --> 01:06:32,990 that everyone knows we will come out 1410 01:06:32,991 --> 01:06:34,785 contact with a spaceship 1411 01:06:34,786 --> 01:06:36,992 Everyone expects to pop champagne cork 1412 01:06:36,993 --> 01:06:38,586 and say "Hey we make and all data 1413 01:06:38,587 --> 01:06:39,703 " on a tape recorder. " 1414 01:06:39,704 --> 01:06:41,547 Cecause it can be transmitted to the earth. 1415 01:06:41,548 --> 01:06:44,333 and instead appear from the other side 1416 01:06:44,334 --> 01:06:46,460 and all these crazy error signals 1417 01:06:46,461 --> 01:06:47,508 comes from the spaceship 1418 01:06:47,509 --> 01:06:48,801 Something bad has happened. 1419 01:06:51,299 --> 01:06:53,884 - Something happened right in around ring-plane crossing, 1420 01:06:53,885 --> 01:06:55,808 and the image returned empty. 1421 01:07:00,266 --> 01:07:01,642 - People thought it might fall 1422 01:07:01,643 --> 01:07:02,940 into Saturn's ring. 1423 01:07:02,941 --> 01:07:05,229 Is this him, is it dead? 1424 01:07:10,568 --> 01:07:14,493 - Ladies and Gentlemen, we can start debriefing. 1425 01:07:15,448 --> 01:07:17,913 I want to make a very short statement. 1426 01:07:17,914 --> 01:07:20,788 We have problems inside the Voyager Two spacecraft. 1427 01:07:20,789 --> 01:07:22,376 - Spacecraft has a problem. 1428 01:07:22,377 --> 01:07:24,837 Scanning platform operating mechanism 1429 01:07:24,838 --> 01:07:26,500 does not operate correctly 1430 01:07:26,501 --> 01:07:27,876 - And make sure we understand where 1431 01:07:27,877 --> 01:07:29,378 we are headed for the following instruments 1432 01:07:29,379 --> 01:07:31,218 installed on the 1433 01:07:31,219 --> 01:07:33,804 platform Wide-angle cameras, narrow-angle cameras, 1434 01:07:33,805 --> 01:07:36,891 infrared instruments, ultraviolet instruments, 1435 01:07:36,892 --> 01:07:38,433 and photopolarimeter. 1436 01:07:38,434 --> 01:07:41,139 - Yes, it's the darkest, 1437 01:07:41,140 --> 01:07:43,605 the darkest day of the entire mission. 1438 01:07:43,606 --> 01:07:45,602 - There is indirect evidence. 1439 01:07:45,603 --> 01:07:47,856 - I came to the auditorium, 1440 01:07:47,857 --> 01:07:51,858 and there is only gloom on everyone's face. 1441 01:07:51,859 --> 01:07:53,610 - You start speculating. 1442 01:07:53,611 --> 01:07:56,530 - I immediately knew what had happened. 1443 01:07:56,531 --> 01:07:58,909 The scanning platform has frozen. 1444 01:07:59,826 --> 01:08:01,294 - We move our scanning platform 1445 01:08:01,295 --> 01:08:02,744 whole sky 1446 01:08:02,745 --> 01:08:04,997 And we really go as fast as possible 1447 01:08:04,998 --> 01:08:07,165 because it might be able to leave. 1448 01:08:07,166 --> 01:08:09,334 - Frozen scanning platform 1449 01:08:09,335 --> 01:08:12,179 It can be a fatal and disabling event. 1450 01:08:19,470 --> 01:08:21,188 - Remaining mission of Saturn, 1451 01:08:21,189 --> 01:08:23,933 and Uranus and Neptune are dead. 1452 01:08:24,976 --> 01:08:29,152 And seeing everything that we planned just passed, 1453 01:08:30,815 --> 01:08:32,441 Suddenly leave. 1454 01:08:32,442 --> 01:08:34,113 - The problem is not with the camera, 1455 01:08:34,114 --> 01:08:36,031 with the articulated platform 1456 01:08:36,032 --> 01:08:37,863 which moves all instruments. 1457 01:08:37,864 --> 01:08:39,116 Our camera, as far as we know, 1458 01:08:39,117 --> 01:08:40,198 works well. 1459 01:08:40,199 --> 01:08:41,792 It's just that we take lots of images 1460 01:08:41,793 --> 01:08:43,036 of black space 1461 01:08:44,120 --> 01:08:45,918 - All the knowledge we expected, 1462 01:08:45,919 --> 01:08:48,624 and Uranus and Neptune, no there are other spacecraft 1463 01:08:48,625 --> 01:08:49,842 it will go there 1464 01:08:49,843 --> 01:08:51,379 It's up to Voyager to do it, 1465 01:08:51,380 --> 01:08:53,342 and suddenly it looks like Voyager 1466 01:08:53,343 --> 01:08:54,840 will not do it 1467 01:08:54,841 --> 01:08:57,092 That is very devastating, rightly so. 1468 01:09:02,180 --> 01:09:04,056 - It takes a few days while 1469 01:09:04,057 --> 01:09:08,018 The engineering team goes to diagnose this problem. 1470 01:09:08,019 --> 01:09:10,397 - We will command azimuth to kill 1471 01:09:10,398 --> 01:09:12,648 and an elevation kills 1472 01:09:12,649 --> 01:09:14,358 to the position of Saturn. 1473 01:09:14,359 --> 01:09:15,948 - It turns out that it scans the 1474 01:09:15,949 --> 01:09:17,819 platform has a small motor to rotate it, 1475 01:09:17,820 --> 01:09:19,446 and we can run it at low speed. 1476 01:09:19,447 --> 01:09:20,869 Check, check, check, check. 1477 01:09:20,870 --> 01:09:23,742 Fast medium or very fast speed. 1478 01:09:23,743 --> 01:09:25,871 We certainly want to see a lot of places, 1479 01:09:25,872 --> 01:09:28,339 so we have something that looks a lot of places, 1480 01:09:28,340 --> 01:09:32,876 and the lubrication is not adequate and only jams. 1481 01:09:32,877 --> 01:09:35,754 - It's frozen like a car 1482 01:09:35,755 --> 01:09:37,798 stuck in snow 1483 01:09:37,799 --> 01:09:39,675 You try to move a little backwards 1484 01:09:39,676 --> 01:09:42,886 and keep working on it and try to get it, 1485 01:09:42,887 --> 01:09:44,388 and that's what we do with a scanning platform. 1486 01:09:44,389 --> 01:09:47,104 We will try to push it a little in one direction 1487 01:09:47,105 --> 01:09:48,558 and that will produce a little, 1488 01:09:48,559 --> 01:09:50,232 and then we push it the other way, 1489 01:09:50,233 --> 01:09:51,942 and that will produce a little more, 1490 01:09:51,943 --> 01:09:53,110 and then we continue to do that 1491 01:09:53,111 --> 01:09:55,315 back and forth, back and forth. 1492 01:09:55,316 --> 01:09:57,526 And finally it's enough 1493 01:09:57,527 --> 01:10:00,701 to get lubrication to the gear. 1494 01:10:01,739 --> 01:10:03,365 - It's released 1495 01:10:03,366 --> 01:10:04,834 and come back spacecraft, 1496 01:10:04,835 --> 01:10:07,160 and again comes the imaging system, 1497 01:10:07,161 --> 01:10:09,584 and there is Saturn when it comes out. 1498 01:10:14,252 --> 01:10:15,048 - Yeah. 1499 01:10:23,177 --> 01:10:25,429 - We see the shadow of Saturn 1500 01:10:25,430 --> 01:10:26,555 in the ring. 1501 01:10:26,556 --> 01:10:31,226 And it's clear from this wild and crazy angle. 1502 01:10:31,227 --> 01:10:32,103 Wow. 1503 01:10:32,104 --> 01:10:35,778 Holy cow, we are on the other side of Saturn. 1504 01:10:37,150 --> 01:10:38,902 ♫ Us ♫ 1505 01:10:42,864 --> 01:10:45,117 ♫ And they ♫ 1506 01:10:51,330 --> 01:10:54,925 ♫ And after all we are just ♫ 1507 01:10:56,586 --> 01:10:59,171 ♫ Regular men ♫ 1508 01:10:59,172 --> 01:11:01,256 - We feel like being there. 1509 01:11:01,257 --> 01:11:03,680 No one thinks about it. 1510 01:11:05,261 --> 01:11:07,184 Voyager is a part of us. 1511 01:11:08,222 --> 01:11:09,473 us. 1512 01:11:09,474 --> 01:11:11,226 ♫ Me ♫ 1513 01:11:15,271 --> 01:11:17,444 ♫ And you ♫ 1514 01:11:22,904 --> 01:11:24,747 - All planet exploration to me 1515 01:11:24,748 --> 01:11:27,115 is a story about longing. 1516 01:11:27,116 --> 01:11:29,576 This is a longing to know ourselves. 1517 01:11:29,577 --> 01:11:31,328 This is a longing to understand 1518 01:11:31,329 --> 01:11:33,914 the importance of our own existence. 1519 01:11:33,915 --> 01:11:35,499 This is a longing to communicate, 1520 01:11:35,500 --> 01:11:36,467 to say to the universe 1521 01:11:36,468 --> 01:11:38,794 we are here, you know, know us 1522 01:11:38,795 --> 01:11:40,797 You know, where are you 1523 01:11:41,798 --> 01:11:44,758 ♫ Continue crying ♫ 1524 01:11:44,759 --> 01:11:46,218 ♫ From behind and ♫ 1525 01:11:46,219 --> 01:11:49,348 ♫ Front rank dies ♫ 1526 01:11:52,517 --> 01:11:54,315 - How will you try 1527 01:11:54,316 --> 01:11:58,939 to communicate with truly foreign civilizations? 1528 01:11:58,940 --> 01:12:00,192 - The assumption is we 1529 01:12:00,193 --> 01:12:02,192 share the same physical nature. 1530 01:12:02,193 --> 01:12:04,321 That the laws of physics here are on earth 1531 01:12:04,322 --> 01:12:06,780 seems to be applicable everywhere. 1532 01:12:06,781 --> 01:12:08,829 Science and mathematics will be something 1533 01:12:08,830 --> 01:12:12,619 that we can communicate with them quite easily. 1534 01:12:12,620 --> 01:12:15,539 - Humans universally like music. 1535 01:12:15,540 --> 01:12:18,416 So the note says that we like this. 1536 01:12:18,417 --> 01:12:21,753 And we send it as a kind of gift to you. 1537 01:12:21,754 --> 01:12:25,340 Below there are mathematical structures. 1538 01:12:25,341 --> 01:12:27,968 Mathematical structure of a straight pop song 1539 01:12:27,969 --> 01:12:30,015 is quite simple, it's like arithmetic. 1540 01:12:30,016 --> 01:12:32,764 Mathematical structure of Bach Fugue 1541 01:12:32,765 --> 01:12:35,517 is much more complicated and is beneficial for attention. 1542 01:12:35,518 --> 01:12:39,396 Mathematics really universal language. 1543 01:12:39,397 --> 01:12:41,365 So we made sure that note 1544 01:12:41,366 --> 01:12:45,527 including music that will give awards in mathematics studies. 1545 01:12:54,495 --> 01:12:55,542 - I have a concern 1546 01:12:55,543 --> 01:12:59,124 I mean we have a smart life on our own planet. 1547 01:12:59,125 --> 01:13:01,501 Dolphins and whales that we don't 1548 01:13:01,502 --> 01:13:04,754 communicate with, we can't communicate with. 1549 01:13:04,755 --> 01:13:07,008 Besides tricks for fish. 1550 01:13:11,304 --> 01:13:13,557 It's a little arrogant to think so 1551 01:13:13,558 --> 01:13:14,808 it will be like Star Trek 1552 01:13:14,809 --> 01:13:17,267 and if we find some life in advance 1553 01:13:17,268 --> 01:13:19,111 that we will soon 1554 01:13:20,062 --> 01:13:22,190 Sit together with tea or the like. 1555 01:13:22,191 --> 01:13:25,442 Not that easy. 1556 01:13:27,320 --> 01:13:30,620 - So the Voyager record has a set of images on it 1557 01:13:30,621 --> 01:13:32,824 which describes our civilization. 1558 01:13:32,825 --> 01:13:36,204 But we can only do about 100 images, 1559 01:13:36,205 --> 01:13:38,455 that is as much data as we can send. 1560 01:13:38,456 --> 01:13:40,498 So it's a bit difficult. 1561 01:13:40,499 --> 01:13:42,500 - That is the distillation process. 1562 01:13:42,501 --> 01:13:46,004 You cannot describe Earth in 100 images. 1563 01:13:46,005 --> 01:13:48,599 You cannot describe Earth in a thousand images. 1564 01:13:48,600 --> 01:13:50,508 But what art about 1565 01:13:50,509 --> 01:13:53,228 take something small 1566 01:13:54,096 --> 01:13:56,097 but can represent the whole. 1567 01:14:07,234 --> 01:14:08,823 - We think it's very important 1568 01:14:08,824 --> 01:14:11,698 to put some pictures naked humans recorded 1569 01:14:11,699 --> 01:14:15,617 to show what our anatomy is like 1570 01:14:15,618 --> 01:14:19,079 NASA has received serious criticism about Pioneer plaques. 1571 01:14:19,080 --> 01:14:21,039 Actually there is a letter to the newspaper editor 1572 01:14:21,040 --> 01:14:23,667 says that NASA sent smut into space. 1573 01:14:23,668 --> 01:14:27,298 How we will show images 1574 01:14:28,631 --> 01:14:30,053 Naked humans without it look obscene? 1575 01:14:30,054 --> 01:14:33,551 And the answer is why not 1576 01:14:33,552 --> 01:14:35,395 You put a pregnant woman into the picture. 1577 01:14:35,396 --> 01:14:38,060 Because pregnant women are not considered immoral. 1578 01:14:38,061 --> 01:14:41,436 Not sexually attractive. 1579 01:14:41,437 --> 01:14:44,104 1580 01:14:44,105 --> 01:14:46,189 So that's what we do. 1581 01:14:46,190 --> 01:14:47,908 - And I think if this can't pass NASA 1582 01:14:47,909 --> 01:14:49,364 Nothing passes NASA. 1583 01:14:49,365 --> 01:14:50,986 And I guess the answer is nothing passing NASA because of that the only picture 1584 01:14:50,987 --> 01:14:54,207 that they make us take. 1585 01:14:54,208 --> 01:14:56,451 - Now five years sail to Uranus. 1586 01:14:57,910 --> 01:15:02,247 - Uranus will be the most distant object 1587 01:15:02,248 --> 01:15:04,124 not yet visited by a spaceship. 1588 01:15:04,125 --> 01:15:06,042 And so far even unknown 1589 01:15:06,043 --> 01:15:08,137 to 200 years ago. 1590 01:15:08,138 --> 01:15:09,504 and the distance is very far 1591 01:15:09,505 --> 01:15:11,047 and if we launch directly from the earth 1592 01:15:11,048 --> 01:15:12,391 it will take 30 years to get there. 1593 01:15:12,392 --> 01:15:14,300 1594 01:15:14,301 --> 01:15:15,894 So we are very lucky we can swing 1595 01:15:15,895 --> 01:15:18,138 by Jupiter and Saturn on our journey. 1596 01:15:18,139 --> 01:15:20,473 - I can always say as an observational astronomer 1597 01:15:20,474 --> 01:15:21,896 I have tried to think about this 1598 01:15:21,897 --> 01:15:23,235 for 25 years ago 1599 01:15:23,236 --> 01:15:26,229 and very annoying on the telescope 1600 01:15:26,230 --> 01:15:27,944 to see the small disk 1601 01:15:27,945 --> 01:15:30,530 and try to determine anything about that. 1602 01:15:30,531 --> 01:15:32,199 For me the next few days will happen 1603 01:15:32,200 --> 01:15:33,778 be very exciting 1604 01:15:39,869 --> 01:15:42,162 - Once we get outside Saturn, 1605 01:15:42,163 --> 01:15:45,212 Basically the engineers throw the rule book 1606 01:15:45,213 --> 01:15:48,626 and said, "How can we do this work? 1607 01:15:48,627 --> 01:15:52,047 "How are we going to take pictures of planets 1608 01:15:52,048 --> 01:15:54,674 " this is far from the sun? " 1609 01:15:54,675 --> 01:15:58,100 - Voyager is the first of the class NASA 1610 01:15:58,101 --> 01:16:00,180 spacecraft that can be reprogrammed. 1611 01:16:00,181 --> 01:16:01,524 They can take what on the computer 1612 01:16:01,525 --> 01:16:02,640 and just clean 1613 01:16:02,641 --> 01:16:05,235 and give one new software. 1614 01:16:05,236 --> 01:16:07,353 They train the spaceship 1615 01:16:07,354 --> 01:16:09,564 pirouette like ballet dancers. 1616 01:16:09,565 --> 01:16:11,533 Basically you want to photograph it 1617 01:16:11,534 --> 01:16:13,198 and it will pass you really fast, 1618 01:16:13,199 --> 01:16:16,196 so you rotate the entire spaceship 1619 01:16:16,197 --> 01:16:18,615 and follow like this. 1620 01:16:18,616 --> 01:16:21,037 And even though it's darker on Uranus 1621 01:16:21,038 --> 01:16:22,624 and really dark on Neptune, 1622 01:16:22,625 --> 01:16:25,373 You can let the shutter open without smearing, 1623 01:16:25,374 --> 01:16:27,716 and it's just beautiful. 1624 01:16:28,834 --> 01:16:31,086 - We have all the rich stuff 1625 01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:33,505 from Jupiter and from Saturn, 1626 01:16:33,506 --> 01:16:35,429 But Uranus is unknown. 1627 01:16:39,303 --> 01:16:40,976 - We go to Uranus and Neptune 1628 01:16:40,977 --> 01:16:43,139 it's the first time 1629 01:16:43,140 --> 01:16:44,729 We only have one spaceship so we 1630 01:16:44,730 --> 01:16:46,689 more or less just blind flying 1631 01:16:46,690 --> 01:16:48,937 and we didn't get a second chance. 1632 01:16:49,980 --> 01:16:51,856 There will also be no second chance. 1633 01:16:51,857 --> 01:16:53,483 And I think for a while 1634 01:16:53,484 --> 01:16:55,407 very unlikely that 1635 01:16:56,654 --> 01:16:59,989 we will all die and go before 1636 01:16:59,990 --> 01:17:02,200 anyone back there 1637 01:17:02,201 --> 01:17:04,452 to Uranus and Neptune again. 1638 01:17:22,555 --> 01:17:24,226 - It feels like taking something 1639 01:17:24,227 --> 01:17:26,897 It's almost fictitious, almost mythological, 1640 01:17:26,898 --> 01:17:29,896 and then see it as a real object. 1641 01:17:31,147 --> 01:17:33,443 - Spaceship flies through a system like bull's eye 1642 01:17:33,444 --> 01:17:35,655 because Uranus is tilted by its side, 1643 01:17:35,656 --> 01:17:38,945 With this beautiful methane blue atmosphere aquamarine, 1644 01:17:38,946 --> 01:17:39,946 and all of these images, 1645 01:17:39,947 --> 01:17:41,573 every one of them is like whoa! 1646 01:17:41,574 --> 01:17:43,702 And you can hear people just "Whoa!" 1647 01:17:43,703 --> 01:17:45,451 And everyone will do something 1648 01:17:45,452 --> 01:17:46,417 and someone will go "Whoa!" 1649 01:17:46,418 --> 01:17:47,584 And everyone will turn around and look up. 1650 01:17:47,585 --> 01:17:49,253 "Oh dear, look at that!" 1651 01:17:50,499 --> 01:17:51,375 There is no internet, 1652 01:17:51,376 --> 01:17:55,211 There is no news flow that comes out to stay on CNN. 1653 01:17:55,212 --> 01:17:57,802 The only way to feel that sensation 1654 01:17:57,803 --> 01:18:00,722 be one of only a small group of people 1655 01:18:00,723 --> 01:18:04,063 who sees the bright spot into the world, 1656 01:18:05,181 --> 01:18:08,059 the only way to experience it is to be in that room. 1657 01:18:08,060 --> 01:18:10,185 - Well about two minutes ago, 1658 01:18:10,186 --> 01:18:11,688 Voyager Two passes through it 1659 01:18:11,689 --> 01:18:13,781 This is the closest approximation to Uranus. 1660 01:18:15,774 --> 01:18:18,118 - This new ring 1661 01:18:18,944 --> 01:18:19,866 here. 1662 01:18:20,946 --> 01:18:22,030 Now, I'm not... 1663 01:18:23,407 --> 01:18:25,283 You say that you can't see it. 1664 01:18:25,284 --> 01:18:26,534 I can. 1665 01:18:26,535 --> 01:18:27,577 - Dr. Soderblom, 1666 01:18:27,578 --> 01:18:28,873 When you hiss through your explanation, 1667 01:18:28,874 --> 01:18:30,043 I can't collect everything, 1668 01:18:30,044 --> 01:18:32,916 Can you try again? 1669 01:18:32,917 --> 01:18:33,759 - Slower? 1670 01:18:34,668 --> 01:18:36,261 - Slower and some further details. 1671 01:18:36,262 --> 01:18:39,006 - I think it's very slow. 1672 01:18:41,717 --> 01:18:43,343 - Every time we get to the new planet 1673 01:18:43,344 --> 01:18:44,311 there are always surprises 1674 01:18:44,312 --> 01:18:46,349 Even though we are much smarter. 1675 01:18:46,350 --> 01:18:47,849 For example, before Voyager, 1676 01:18:47,850 --> 01:18:49,270 all magnetic fields 1677 01:18:49,271 --> 01:18:51,351 has a magnetic pole near 1678 01:18:51,352 --> 01:18:53,228 axis of rotation of the planet, 1679 01:18:53,229 --> 01:18:54,354 and that's true for Jupiter, 1680 01:18:54,355 --> 01:18:55,857 that's true for Saturn. 1681 01:18:55,858 --> 01:18:57,699 And then we fly by Uranus and 1682 01:18:57,700 --> 01:19:00,568 The pole is near the equator. 1683 01:19:00,569 --> 01:19:01,821 - There is a lot of speculation 1684 01:19:01,822 --> 01:19:04,030 about Uranus's magnetosphere. 1685 01:19:04,031 --> 01:19:04,953 Will there be one, 1686 01:19:04,954 --> 01:19:06,699 what is it like? 1687 01:19:06,700 --> 01:19:08,122 And Uranus 1688 01:19:08,123 --> 01:19:11,079 magnetosphere is much more strange and beautiful. 1689 01:19:11,080 --> 01:19:13,748 We find planet tip that side, 1690 01:19:13,749 --> 01:19:16,089 But the magnetic field then ends 1691 01:19:16,090 --> 01:19:17,758 relative to the axis of spin. 1692 01:19:17,759 --> 01:19:21,256 So you experience this big dispute 1693 01:19:21,257 --> 01:19:22,509 in the magnetic field 1694 01:19:22,510 --> 01:19:25,385 when the planet rotates. 1695 01:19:25,386 --> 01:19:26,928 It's weird 1696 01:19:26,929 --> 01:19:29,933 Why is the magnetic field so chaotic, 1697 01:19:29,934 --> 01:19:31,149 we don't know 1698 01:19:32,643 --> 01:19:36,147 - At the time the Voyager Two spacecraft flies by Uranus 1699 01:19:36,148 --> 01:19:39,857 one pole of the planet points to the Sun. 1700 01:19:39,858 --> 01:19:41,776 At the point where it is an orbit, 1701 01:19:41,777 --> 01:19:44,320 that is the atmosphere is turned off. 1702 01:19:44,321 --> 01:19:47,791 So the planet itself doesn't look attractive. 1703 01:19:50,452 --> 01:19:53,579 And part of that is Uranus itself holding it is a secret again. 1704 01:19:53,580 --> 01:19:55,999 - That's definitely, I guess, one of, 1705 01:19:56,000 --> 01:19:59,174 Well, the disappointment at Uranus 1706 01:20:00,587 --> 01:20:03,965 no more photogenic than that. 1707 01:20:03,966 --> 01:20:06,139 That's actually quite blah. 1708 01:20:06,140 --> 01:20:08,433 - Poor Uranus 1709 01:20:09,346 --> 01:20:10,188 Poor Uranus 1710 01:20:11,974 --> 01:20:13,182 - Uranus is not his own character 1711 01:20:27,781 --> 01:20:30,158 1712 01:20:30,159 --> 01:20:32,082 that Saturn and Jupiter are. 1713 01:20:32,083 --> 01:20:34,579 The features are very very weak. 1714 01:20:34,580 --> 01:20:37,498 Big stars meeting Uranus 1715 01:20:37,499 --> 01:20:38,967 Actually that month. 1716 01:20:42,921 --> 01:20:44,093 - If you will go to Neptune, 1717 01:20:44,094 --> 01:20:47,263 You still have to deal with Uranus for help with gravity. 1718 01:20:47,264 --> 01:20:50,928 Gravity helps direct the point on Uranus 1719 01:20:50,929 --> 01:20:53,264 happens to be pretty close 1720 01:20:53,265 --> 01:20:55,850 to Miranda's orbit. 1721 01:20:55,851 --> 01:20:57,148 Now some science, Miranda isn't 1722 01:20:57,149 --> 01:20:59,395 biggest moon of Uranus. 1723 01:20:59,396 --> 01:21:02,523 If Uranus has stopped last, 1724 01:21:02,524 --> 01:21:03,524 scientists might want it 1725 01:21:03,525 --> 01:21:05,360 to go to a bigger month, 1726 01:21:05,361 --> 01:21:06,829 which is ironic, 1727 01:21:08,280 --> 01:21:09,405 I don't see how something can happen 1728 01:21:09,406 --> 01:21:11,204 Which is more interesting than Miranda. 1729 01:21:15,329 --> 01:21:18,082 It looks messy. 1730 01:21:21,293 --> 01:21:23,883 - This month looks like torn 1731 01:21:23,884 --> 01:21:26,339 and then just sort of pushing back together again. 1732 01:21:26,340 --> 01:21:27,216 - Whoa! 1733 01:21:27,216 --> 01:21:28,136 Come see this 1734 01:21:28,137 --> 01:21:29,430 - Go to the screen and point and say, 1735 01:21:29,431 --> 01:21:31,224 "Look at that, look at that." 1736 01:21:31,225 --> 01:21:34,097 - Nothing is ready for Miranda. 1737 01:21:34,098 --> 01:21:37,934 - In the section there are cliffs and very large cutouts 1738 01:21:37,935 --> 01:21:40,404 where the error block has fallen. 1739 01:21:40,405 --> 01:21:43,773 And one of them, you can see the edge of the cliff 1740 01:21:43,774 --> 01:21:44,696 it's very, 1741 01:21:46,276 --> 01:21:49,070 it must be 10 kilometers high. 1742 01:21:49,071 --> 01:21:51,656 Now gravity on Miranda is very weak 1743 01:21:51,657 --> 01:21:54,409 that if you jump from the edge of the cliff, 1744 01:21:54,410 --> 01:21:56,708 You can read newspapers 1745 01:21:57,955 --> 01:21:59,332 on the way down 1746 01:22:00,332 --> 01:22:04,419 You might fall for 20 minutes. 1747 01:22:04,420 --> 01:22:05,467 But when you reach the bottom you want 1748 01:22:05,468 --> 01:22:07,009 will still cover 100 miles per hour. 1749 01:22:07,010 --> 01:22:09,632 And maybe not, 1750 01:22:09,633 --> 01:22:12,635 will be the last newspaper you read. 1751 01:22:21,353 --> 01:22:23,229 - One of the things that we have to remember 1752 01:22:23,230 --> 01:22:27,150 about Uranus when it's very sad for everyone. 1753 01:22:27,151 --> 01:22:30,194 Because we just want 1754 01:22:30,195 --> 01:22:32,697 show all our results 1755 01:22:32,698 --> 01:22:34,120 We all have to have it 1756 01:22:34,121 --> 01:22:36,960 final final press conference. 1757 01:22:38,912 --> 01:22:40,746 Back from breakfast 1758 01:22:40,747 --> 01:22:42,590 and I go to go watch 1759 01:22:44,001 --> 01:22:45,546 Space Shuttle launched. 1760 01:22:45,547 --> 01:22:47,717 - We have the main engine start. 1761 01:22:47,718 --> 01:22:48,838 Four, three, 1762 01:22:48,839 --> 01:22:49,681 two, one 1763 01:22:51,258 --> 01:22:53,092 and take off. 1764 01:22:53,093 --> 01:22:55,720 Lift the 25th shuttle mission mission 1765 01:22:55,721 --> 01:22:58,139 and have cleaned the tower. 1766 01:22:58,140 --> 01:23:00,108 - And we thought, "Okay, we will watch the shuttle 1767 01:23:00,109 --> 01:23:02,819 " Launch and then we will go to the press conference. " 1768 01:23:02,820 --> 01:23:05,771 But of course that's Challenger. 1769 01:23:05,772 --> 01:23:06,648 Three machines now at 104%. 1770 01:23:06,649 --> 01:23:08,316 - Challenger, go with throttle up. 1771 01:23:08,317 --> 01:23:10,570 1772 01:23:10,571 --> 01:23:13,779 - Roger, go with throttle up. 1773 01:23:21,288 --> 01:23:23,461 - People are astonished, gasp like this, 1774 01:23:23,462 --> 01:23:24,499 "Gosh. 1775 01:23:24,500 --> 01:23:25,500 " Do you see that? 1776 01:23:25,501 --> 01:23:27,090 "Does it really explode?" 1777 01:23:27,091 --> 01:23:28,961 Because we have stopped in our meeting 1778 01:23:28,962 --> 01:23:30,382 so everyone can watch it, 1779 01:23:30,383 --> 01:23:33,758 and then just keep quiet , people cry. 1780 01:23:35,344 --> 01:23:37,845 - What can you say? 1781 01:23:37,846 --> 01:23:39,189 You immediately know that 1782 01:23:39,190 --> 01:23:42,141 a group of people killed. 1783 01:23:42,142 --> 01:23:43,610 - Throttle Flight, please. 1784 01:23:43,611 --> 01:23:47,072 - RSO reports the vehicle exploded. 1785 01:23:48,815 --> 01:23:50,233 - COPY- 1786 01:23:50,234 --> 01:23:53,078 - And of course they show replays and replays 1787 01:23:53,079 --> 01:23:57,198 and replays repeatedly. 1788 01:23:57,199 --> 01:23:59,200 - We don't have a downlink. 1789 01:23:59,201 --> 01:24:01,953 - Alright, everyone, just leave the phone. 1790 01:24:01,954 --> 01:24:03,627 Make sure you save all your data, 1791 01:24:03,628 --> 01:24:05,414 start pulling it together. 1792 01:24:05,415 --> 01:24:06,961 - Challenger accidents happen 1793 01:24:06,962 --> 01:24:08,673 When we resign from Uranus. 1794 01:24:08,674 --> 01:24:11,716 I have a clear picture about this picture after picture 1795 01:24:11,717 --> 01:24:13,714 from sickle Uranus back 1796 01:24:13,715 --> 01:24:16,514 and replays from Challenger explosion, 1797 01:24:16,515 --> 01:24:18,928 and completely destroy. 1798 01:24:18,929 --> 01:24:22,390 - Today is day mourning and remembering. 1799 01:24:22,391 --> 01:24:24,018 Nancy and I are very moved 1800 01:24:24,019 --> 01:24:26,394 for the plane tragedy Challenger shuttle. 1801 01:24:26,395 --> 01:24:27,612 We know we share this pain 1802 01:24:27,613 --> 01:24:30,231 with everyone in our country. 1803 01:24:30,232 --> 01:24:32,650 national losses. 1804 01:24:32,651 --> 01:24:33,868 I know it's hard to understand, 1805 01:24:33,869 --> 01:24:37,280 But sometimes painful things like this happen. 1806 01:24:37,281 --> 01:24:38,533 This is all part of the process 1807 01:24:38,534 --> 01:24:41,075 exploration and discovery. 1808 01:24:41,076 --> 01:24:42,952 This is part of taking a chance 1809 01:24:42,953 --> 01:24:45,746 and expand human horizons. 1810 01:24:45,747 --> 01:24:48,958 The future does not belong to a weak person, 1811 01:24:48,959 --> 01:24:51,085 that belongs to the brave. 1812 01:24:51,086 --> 01:24:52,463 - Report from flight officer 1813 01:24:52,464 --> 01:24:55,172 shows the impact in water. 1814 01:24:55,173 --> 01:24:58,134 Approximately 28.64 degrees to the north. 1815 01:24:58,135 --> 01:24:59,682 80.28 degrees to the west 1816 01:25:06,018 --> 01:25:08,066 - During this time period the closest approach, 1817 01:25:08,067 --> 01:25:11,439 we will have hundreds of reporters coming to JPL, 1818 01:25:11,440 --> 01:25:14,609 and great news atmosphere. 1819 01:25:14,610 --> 01:25:17,778 And when Challenger exploded, 1820 01:25:17,779 --> 01:25:19,363 everyone just left 1821 01:25:20,910 --> 01:25:23,251 - That's a very sad time. 1822 01:25:23,252 --> 01:25:26,247 Sad to end another big mission. 1823 01:25:35,380 --> 01:25:37,131 - Cosmic questions that we hope we can learn 1824 01:25:37,132 --> 01:25:38,341 by sending our machine out, 1825 01:25:38,342 --> 01:25:39,309 the same question 1826 01:25:39,310 --> 01:25:41,554 You and I and every child have asked themselves. 1827 01:25:41,555 --> 01:25:43,267 "Where do we come from, whether we are alone, 1828 01:25:43,268 --> 01:25:45,810 " What is made of the universe, how will it end? " 1829 01:25:45,811 --> 01:25:47,024 All these fundamental questions 1830 01:25:47,025 --> 01:25:50,112 questions that encourage science. 1831 01:25:53,649 --> 01:25:54,990 I do cosmology, I learned earlier 1832 01:25:54,991 --> 01:25:56,405 and the end of the universe sometimes people say, 1833 01:25:56,406 --> 01:25:57,652 "What's the use of that?" 1834 01:25:57,653 --> 01:25:59,246 And I always say to them, "You didn't ask what it was 1835 01:25:59,247 --> 01:26:00,910 " Mozart symphony is good? 1836 01:26:00,911 --> 01:26:02,740 "Or Picasso's painting." 1837 01:26:02,741 --> 01:26:04,617 But science somehow looks like it should be 1838 01:26:04,618 --> 01:26:06,746 Useful for people who want to produce technology. 1839 01:26:06,747 --> 01:26:10,873 But it's a wonderful thing about science ideas. 1840 01:26:10,874 --> 01:26:13,542 From a child asking your parents why. 1841 01:26:13,543 --> 01:26:14,919 But when you grow up you finally realize 1842 01:26:14,920 --> 01:26:17,673 what do you really mean how. 1843 01:26:20,008 --> 01:26:21,759 Einstein has told us that we are space and time 1844 01:26:21,760 --> 01:26:23,427 tied together. 1845 01:26:23,428 --> 01:26:26,263 In an integrated way, we live in time and space. 1846 01:26:26,264 --> 01:26:28,265 If we enter into the universe creature 1847 01:26:28,266 --> 01:26:31,315 and space appears to be exists, so does time. 1848 01:26:31,316 --> 01:26:34,230 And the time itself may not exist 1849 01:26:34,231 --> 01:26:35,778 literally before the big bang So it's not there before. 1850 01:26:35,779 --> 01:26:37,483 And that seems crazy, because if it doesn't exist before, 1851 01:26:37,484 --> 01:26:39,578 all these cause and effect ideas 1852 01:26:39,579 --> 01:26:41,195 and so on goes out the window. 1853 01:26:41,196 --> 01:26:42,491 But all that means we have to change 1854 01:26:42,492 --> 01:26:44,867 the way we understand something. 1855 01:26:44,868 --> 01:26:46,617 1856 01:26:52,124 --> 01:26:53,791 Another possibility of our Big Bang 1857 01:26:53,792 --> 01:26:55,543 is only one of unlimited number of Big Bang's 1858 01:26:55,544 --> 01:26:59,547 that happens to what we now call multiverse. 1859 01:26:59,548 --> 01:27:01,841 This amazing change of view 1860 01:27:01,842 --> 01:27:04,138 which makes us even more insignificant. 1861 01:27:04,139 --> 01:27:05,932 We don't travel significantly enough 1862 01:27:05,933 --> 01:27:07,555 around the Sun in the middle of nowhere 1863 01:27:07,556 --> 01:27:10,228 around random galaxies in between 100 billion galaxies, 1864 01:27:10,229 --> 01:27:12,353 But now we know even the entire universe 1865 01:27:12,354 --> 01:27:15,604 what we call home might not be important 1866 01:27:15,605 --> 01:27:18,484 something in the middle of something that is much bigger. 1867 01:27:18,485 --> 01:27:20,484 History of science will delete us 1868 01:27:20,485 --> 01:27:24,115 farther from the center of the universe universe if you want. 1869 01:27:24,116 --> 01:27:26,458 or center of action. 1870 01:27:33,206 --> 01:27:36,041 - Finally on Neptune, Voyager starts 1871 01:27:36,042 --> 01:27:38,169 the last is worth decades 1872 01:27:38,170 --> 01:27:40,385 meeting with the outer planet. 1873 01:27:40,386 --> 01:27:42,303 - That's another three and a half years 1874 01:27:42,304 --> 01:27:44,091 to exit Neptune 1875 01:27:44,092 --> 01:27:46,260 They must reprogram again, 1876 01:27:46,261 --> 01:27:47,558 Give, teach some new tricks, 1877 01:27:47,559 --> 01:27:49,272 works in this darker environment, 1878 01:27:49,273 --> 01:27:51,266 even cooler environments. 1879 01:27:52,142 --> 01:27:53,359 - If we take the earth 1880 01:27:53,360 --> 01:27:55,269 to be an astronomical unit 1881 01:27:55,270 --> 01:27:57,897 from the Sun, or AU for the short term. 1882 01:27:57,898 --> 01:28:00,274 Neptune 30 times that distance. 1883 01:28:00,275 --> 01:28:01,447 - When launching Voyager, 1884 01:28:01,448 --> 01:28:03,194 there is no ability to get it 1885 01:28:03,195 --> 01:28:05,821 any image of 30 AU 1886 01:28:05,822 --> 01:28:08,949 That ability occurs after launch. 1887 01:28:08,950 --> 01:28:11,994 This involves reprogramming the spaceship, 1888 01:28:11,995 --> 01:28:14,371 take two 34 meter antennas 1889 01:28:14,372 --> 01:28:16,791 and add it to the 70 meter antenna. 1890 01:28:16,792 --> 01:28:18,713 - Copy, we are ready run that observation. 1891 01:28:18,714 --> 01:28:20,087 - This means using the whole 1892 01:28:20,088 --> 01:28:21,884 very large array in New Mexico, 1893 01:28:21,885 --> 01:28:25,007 27 antennas collect very weak signals 1894 01:28:25,008 --> 01:28:27,510 we can go back from 30 AU. 1895 01:28:27,511 --> 01:28:28,763 - Flybys passes Jupiter, 1896 01:28:28,764 --> 01:28:31,477 Saturn, and Uranus, have accelerated the spacecraft too, 1897 01:28:31,478 --> 01:28:32,975 gets faster. 1898 01:28:32,976 --> 01:28:37,061 So much pressure, and one shot. 1899 01:28:47,364 --> 01:28:48,331 - It just sits 1900 01:28:48,332 --> 01:28:49,868 comes out on the edge of our solar system 1901 01:28:49,869 --> 01:28:51,580 waiting for someone to get out 1902 01:28:51,581 --> 01:28:53,202 and appreciate its beauty. 1903 01:28:53,203 --> 01:28:54,455 Just wait for the day 1904 01:28:54,456 --> 01:28:58,254 humans will come out from there, and go "Wow!" 1905 01:29:00,001 --> 01:29:01,093 - Neptune is photogenic 1906 01:29:01,094 --> 01:29:02,586 from the start 1907 01:29:02,587 --> 01:29:04,305 - I have photographed Neptune 1908 01:29:04,306 --> 01:29:07,469 from the ground where we cannot see a lot. 1909 01:29:07,470 --> 01:29:10,141 in my head imagine what kind of 1910 01:29:10,142 --> 01:29:14,974 1911 01:29:14,975 --> 01:29:16,898 and seeing that change to reality, this is a busy life. 1912 01:29:17,936 --> 01:29:19,937 - See this blue, 1913 01:29:19,938 --> 01:29:22,690 In some cases, the inspires the Earth, 1914 01:29:22,691 --> 01:29:25,734 which feels very strange for the last 1915 01:29:25,735 --> 01:29:27,578 the planet we are headed for. 1916 01:29:34,286 --> 01:29:36,954 - I'm a researcher note taker 1917 01:29:36,955 --> 01:29:39,545 and I make a little notation in this log 1918 01:29:39,546 --> 01:29:41,505 and I draw a little, 1919 01:29:41,506 --> 01:29:43,754 and you can see what are these dark spots, 1920 01:29:43,755 --> 01:29:46,338 bright clouds, I'm like wow! 1921 01:29:46,339 --> 01:29:47,215 WOW! 1922 01:29:47,215 --> 01:29:48,091 Exclamation mark! 1923 01:29:48,092 --> 01:29:50,593 And I will also draw arrows. 1924 01:29:50,594 --> 01:29:52,344 The most surprising thing 1925 01:29:52,345 --> 01:29:54,188 giant dark place. 1926 01:29:55,849 --> 01:29:58,142 No one has an idea that will be there. 1927 01:29:58,143 --> 01:29:59,019 It's so big! 1928 01:29:59,020 --> 01:30:01,103 It's like a hole on the planet. 1929 01:30:01,104 --> 01:30:03,689 So we call it the Great Dark Spot 1930 01:30:03,690 --> 01:30:06,364 because we are not very original when it comes to names. 1931 01:30:12,949 --> 01:30:15,202 - We basically make predictions 1932 01:30:15,203 --> 01:30:19,038 from a storm on Neptune to direct the camera 1933 01:30:19,039 --> 01:30:20,581 on the last day 1934 01:30:20,582 --> 01:30:22,124 And at the same time 1935 01:30:22,125 --> 01:30:23,584 there is a hurricane 1936 01:30:23,585 --> 01:30:26,045 off the east coast of the United States, 1937 01:30:26,046 --> 01:30:28,589 and weather forecasters 1938 01:30:28,590 --> 01:30:31,383 try to predict the storm. 1939 01:30:32,261 --> 01:30:33,432 But they are trying to predict 1940 01:30:33,433 --> 01:30:35,304 it was 12 hours before 1941 01:30:35,305 --> 01:30:36,727 and they experience a lot of problems 1942 01:30:36,728 --> 01:30:39,101 Because the storm keeps changing positions. 1943 01:30:39,102 --> 01:30:41,068 And we only plan calmly 1944 01:30:41,069 --> 01:30:42,561 points on graph paper 1945 01:30:42,562 --> 01:30:44,906 then say, "Okay, two weeks from now, 1946 01:30:44,907 --> 01:30:49,068 " This storm will happen in here "and usually so. 1947 01:30:53,531 --> 01:30:56,033 - On Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, 1948 01:30:56,034 --> 01:30:58,661 The goal is to do flyby 1949 01:30:58,662 --> 01:31:00,380 = = take the spacecraft 1950 01:31:00,381 --> 01:31:02,539 to the next planet 1951 01:31:02,540 --> 01:31:04,166 When we reach Neptune 1952 01:31:04,167 --> 01:31:06,168 We know that the last planet 1953 01:31:06,169 --> 01:31:07,637 we will fly, 1954 01:31:07,638 --> 01:31:09,505 and so we can take 1955 01:31:09,506 --> 01:31:11,298 a different path. 1956 01:31:11,299 --> 01:31:13,300 This allows us to get 1957 01:31:13,301 --> 01:31:15,344 a spectacular view of the 1958 01:31:15,345 --> 01:31:17,143 ring and look back at the 1959 01:31:17,144 --> 01:31:19,937 system in a pretty beautiful way. 1960 01:31:21,142 --> 01:31:23,814 - Think about imaging a Neptune ring. 1961 01:31:23,815 --> 01:31:25,234 They have 1962 01:31:25,235 --> 01:31:27,272 reflectivity twice as dark as soot, 1963 01:31:27,273 --> 01:31:29,024 and the light that falls on them 1964 01:31:29,025 --> 01:31:32,361 1,000 times dimmer than on Earth. 1965 01:31:32,362 --> 01:31:34,405 So you have one thousandth of light 1966 01:31:34,406 --> 01:31:35,828 You try to picture something 1967 01:31:35,829 --> 01:31:37,497 which is twice as dark as soot 1968 01:31:37,498 --> 01:31:39,618 against a solid black background. 1969 01:31:39,619 --> 01:31:41,578 - More than one ring can be 1970 01:31:41,579 --> 01:31:42,796 seen even in raw images. 1971 01:31:42,797 --> 01:31:44,415 Arc ring called. 1972 01:31:44,416 --> 01:31:48,091 And it seems reasonable that this is indeed the missing arc 1973 01:31:48,092 --> 01:31:52,011 that searchers search our imaging team. 1974 01:31:55,802 --> 01:31:57,270 Now you will turn on, right? 1975 01:31:59,139 --> 01:32:01,140 - We know on Neptune 1976 01:32:01,141 --> 01:32:03,684 we want to fly near Triton, 1977 01:32:03,685 --> 01:32:05,686 is a big world feels like moving backwards 1978 01:32:05,687 --> 01:32:07,980 circling around Neptune. 1979 01:32:07,981 --> 01:32:09,574 - If you see them on the way, 1980 01:32:09,575 --> 01:32:11,233 they don't line up. 1981 01:32:11,234 --> 01:32:14,278 Someone is here and is here. 1982 01:32:14,279 --> 01:32:15,701 So what will you do? 1983 01:32:15,702 --> 01:32:17,614 Well, there is a way. 1984 01:32:17,615 --> 01:32:21,326 And the way is to fly above the north pole, 1985 01:32:21,327 --> 01:32:23,079 very close to Neptune 1986 01:32:23,955 --> 01:32:27,249 to bend the space plane space so that it will go down. 1987 01:32:27,250 --> 01:32:29,585 And then intersect Triton. 1988 01:32:29,586 --> 01:32:30,674 - But that means going to 1989 01:32:30,675 --> 01:32:32,138 in just a few thousand miles 1990 01:32:32,139 --> 01:32:33,380 from the top of the cloud 1991 01:32:33,381 --> 01:32:36,383 That darkens the surface. 1992 01:32:36,384 --> 01:32:37,476 And they have to hit it, 1993 01:32:37,477 --> 01:32:39,471 You know, right. 1994 01:32:40,388 --> 01:32:41,435 - There are many concerns 1995 01:32:41,436 --> 01:32:45,184 that we don't know enough about Neptune's atmosphere 1996 01:32:45,185 --> 01:32:49,521 to really make sure that the spacecraft will not fall. 1997 01:32:49,522 --> 01:32:51,320 There is a possibility also have particles 1998 01:32:51,321 --> 01:32:53,317 in this ring arc we can 1999 01:32:53,318 --> 01:32:55,652 go through a cloud of shrapnel. 2000 01:32:55,653 --> 01:32:57,747 And that will be the end of the spaceship 2001 01:32:57,748 --> 01:32:58,956 if we do that 2002 01:32:59,949 --> 01:33:02,326 - A little error in the calculation 2003 01:33:02,327 --> 01:33:04,623 and instead of sliding on the top of the cloud, 2004 01:33:04,624 --> 01:33:06,123 You darken to the cloud 2005 01:33:06,124 --> 01:33:08,123 and the spacecraft burns out. 2006 01:33:08,124 --> 01:33:09,500 A little mistake in another way, 2007 01:33:09,501 --> 01:33:11,629 You go too far, don't bend enough, 2008 01:33:11,630 --> 01:33:13,504 Maybe you go straight to Triton and get stuck, 2009 01:33:13,505 --> 01:33:15,422 and that's the end of the mission. 2010 01:33:15,423 --> 01:33:16,299 You don't have enough time, 2011 01:33:16,300 --> 01:33:19,009 You have to make the last best estimate, 2012 01:33:19,010 --> 01:33:21,136 press the send button 2013 01:33:23,515 --> 01:33:24,979 That's very interesting 2014 01:33:24,980 --> 01:33:27,564 to depend on the plane that space right? 2015 01:33:27,565 --> 01:33:28,903 Slide over this beautiful 2016 01:33:28,904 --> 01:33:31,355 peak of Neptune's blue clouds. 2017 01:33:31,356 --> 01:33:33,529 And when you pass the Neptune pole 2018 01:33:33,530 --> 01:33:36,777 see that the big moon Triton rises... 2019 01:33:36,778 --> 01:33:39,782 VOYAGER PASSES ONE STILL 3,000 MILES ABOVE NORTH NEPTUNUS KUBUB, STOPS SECOND SPLIT ACCURACY. 2020 01:33:45,495 --> 01:33:47,585 - After a few miles miles 2021 01:33:47,586 --> 01:33:49,206 takes us into a few kilometers 2022 01:33:49,207 --> 01:33:50,207 where do we need to be, 2023 01:33:50,208 --> 01:33:52,751 it's just really extraordinary 2024 01:33:52,752 --> 01:33:56,296 installing an extraordinary needle. 2025 01:33:56,297 --> 01:33:58,298 - Southern hemisphere Triton 2026 01:33:58,299 --> 01:34:01,510 all covered by ice nitrogen. 2027 01:34:01,511 --> 01:34:03,184 And when we fly past it, 2028 01:34:04,597 --> 01:34:05,439 Okay, we continue again. 2029 01:34:05,440 --> 01:34:06,974 As we fly past it, 2030 01:34:06,975 --> 01:34:08,934 we can look down 2031 01:34:08,935 --> 01:34:13,230 on the mark on the surface of the polar cap. 2032 01:34:13,231 --> 01:34:14,653 We are compiling 2033 01:34:14,654 --> 01:34:16,868 a mosaic of the world of Triton, 2034 01:34:17,861 --> 01:34:21,613 but we can't set everything right. 2035 01:34:21,614 --> 01:34:22,739 Some dark lines, 2036 01:34:22,740 --> 01:34:25,409 Two specifically won't line up. 2037 01:34:25,410 --> 01:34:26,707 - He is like just scratching his head, 2038 01:34:26,708 --> 01:34:29,043 like I don't know what happened here. 2039 01:34:29,044 --> 01:34:31,290 This person is one of the world's experts on something related with planets and moons, 2040 01:34:31,291 --> 01:34:33,339 and he can't think of this? 2041 01:34:33,340 --> 01:34:35,419 - The only crazy idea that appears 2042 01:34:35,420 --> 01:34:38,172 there is an eruption. 2043 01:34:38,173 --> 01:34:39,265 - I said "Okay, put it in stereo speakers." 2044 01:34:41,259 --> 01:34:43,557 Red and blue glasses. 2045 01:34:43,558 --> 01:34:45,305 And the images blend into a three-dimensional model 2046 01:34:47,807 --> 01:34:50,559 2047 01:34:50,560 --> 01:34:52,811 and until this geyser appears. 2048 01:34:56,983 --> 01:34:59,193 And I say "what is that!" 2049 01:34:59,194 --> 01:35:01,528 So we know what we have. 2050 01:35:13,249 --> 01:35:14,708 - it's like bird feathers 2051 01:35:14,709 --> 01:35:17,804 The black geyser spits this item. 2052 01:35:19,839 --> 01:35:21,506 - feathers 2053 01:35:21,507 --> 01:35:23,885 coming out of the surface 2054 01:35:25,220 --> 01:35:27,512 for like kilometers. 2055 01:35:27,513 --> 01:35:29,356 - We see an eruption 2056 01:35:29,357 --> 01:35:31,600 in the world that should be 2057 01:35:31,601 --> 01:35:33,353 just a frozen cinder. 2058 01:35:35,063 --> 01:35:36,360 The last place we expected 2059 01:35:36,361 --> 01:35:39,775 to see further dynamics, further eruptions 2060 01:35:39,776 --> 01:35:42,746 This month it is remote in the solar system. 2061 01:35:42,747 --> 01:35:45,405 - This is 37 degrees 2062 01:35:45,406 --> 01:35:47,783 above absolute zero 2063 01:35:47,784 --> 01:35:50,869 So there is a solarized geyser 2064 01:35:50,870 --> 01:35:55,046 on a satellite that is 30 units astronomy from the Sun. 2065 01:35:58,086 --> 01:35:59,586 Who would have thought? 2066 01:35:59,587 --> 01:36:00,679 - Just because the idea is crazy 2067 01:36:00,680 --> 01:36:02,299 it's not always wrong 2068 01:36:03,716 --> 01:36:06,134 - We know this is the last planet, 2069 01:36:06,135 --> 01:36:08,762 Voyager will explore before heading 2070 01:36:08,763 --> 01:36:11,223 for the rest of the trip. 2071 01:36:11,224 --> 01:36:14,601 And so I thought together as a team, 2072 01:36:14,602 --> 01:36:17,025 time to see pictures, talk, 2073 01:36:17,026 --> 01:36:19,523 meeting together, becoming more valuable. 2074 01:36:19,524 --> 01:36:23,485 - through the secretary's desk 2075 01:36:23,486 --> 01:36:25,739 and he said, "Oh, Candy, there's a reporter 2076 01:36:25,740 --> 01:36:28,156 " It wants to talk to you. " 2077 01:36:28,157 --> 01:36:31,243 And he said," Countdown clock 2078 01:36:31,244 --> 01:36:33,087 "only goes from minus, 2079 01:36:34,289 --> 01:36:36,838 "count down, to count. 2080 01:36:38,668 --> 01:36:41,387 " Voyager now leaves Neptune. " 2081 01:36:42,463 --> 01:36:46,591 And he says" How do you feel? " 2082 01:36:46,592 --> 01:36:50,187 And at that moment, I am dissolved in tears. 2083 01:36:51,389 --> 01:36:52,806 - After the spacecraft passes, 2084 01:36:52,807 --> 01:36:54,024 it turns and looks back, 2085 01:36:54,025 --> 01:36:57,112 and there are Neptune and Triton these beautiful sickles, 2086 01:36:57,113 --> 01:36:59,855 and people realize that is the end 2087 01:36:59,856 --> 01:37:01,820 of the planet Voyager. 2088 01:37:01,821 --> 01:37:03,734 = = That's the last call, 2089 01:37:03,735 --> 01:37:04,907 The last thing we will see in 2090 01:37:04,908 --> 01:37:07,571 The solar system is now behind us. 2091 01:37:07,572 --> 01:37:09,620 And that comes from planet Voyager 2092 01:37:09,621 --> 01:37:12,826 mission to the Voyager interstellar mission. 2093 01:37:12,827 --> 01:37:14,545 - Of all the images are one of the most poignant 2094 01:37:14,546 --> 01:37:17,748 because it's been a long time farewell or farewell. 2095 01:37:17,749 --> 01:37:19,708 - Can 2096 01:37:19,709 --> 01:37:21,752 a little bit of color 2097 01:37:21,753 --> 01:37:24,343 makes the image somewhat more beautiful but, 2098 01:37:24,344 --> 01:37:26,137 with respect to the Voyager 2099 01:37:26,138 --> 01:37:29,682 spacecraft we decided to show it to you as it is. 2100 01:37:36,100 --> 01:37:39,895 So this is Voyager's farewell to us 2101 01:37:39,896 --> 01:37:43,148 and this is our separation with you 2102 01:37:43,149 --> 01:37:45,359 - The way I see it, 2103 01:37:45,360 --> 01:37:47,829 we do something really great 2104 01:37:48,780 --> 01:37:51,490 Very, very successful mission. 2105 01:37:51,491 --> 01:37:53,075 - A little cry. 2106 01:37:53,076 --> 01:37:55,170 I mean there are lots 2107 01:37:56,120 --> 01:37:58,455 energy is included in this mission. 2108 01:37:58,456 --> 01:38:02,084 - We have ignition and we lift it! 2109 01:38:10,218 --> 01:38:12,391 - Years of trying hard. 2110 01:38:15,932 --> 01:38:19,232 the end of a sentimental journey. 2111 01:38:22,772 --> 01:38:23,614 - We succeed. 2112 01:38:23,615 --> 01:38:25,065 We release it. 2113 01:38:25,066 --> 01:38:27,067 And that's important. 2114 01:38:27,068 --> 01:38:28,568 This. 2115 01:38:35,118 --> 01:38:37,246 - We have a big party at JPL, 2116 01:38:37,247 --> 01:38:39,788 so that's good send off for Voyager. 2117 01:38:39,789 --> 01:38:40,961 - With a little sarcasm I will say 2118 01:38:40,962 --> 01:38:42,675 At that time JPL was the biggest moment 2119 01:38:42,676 --> 01:38:45,252 Chuck Berry is on our stairs 2120 01:38:45,253 --> 01:38:47,676 administration building travel duck 2121 01:38:47,677 --> 01:38:49,423 for Johnny B. Geode. 2122 01:38:49,424 --> 01:38:51,263 - Chuck Berry, he is present at 2123 01:38:51,264 --> 01:38:52,806 Celebration of Neptune encounters 2124 01:38:52,807 --> 01:38:54,804 singing Johnny B. Goode. 2125 01:38:55,805 --> 01:38:58,149 - Party star, Chuck Berry 2126 01:38:58,150 --> 01:39:01,101 coming out from behind the wall 2127 01:39:01,102 --> 01:39:03,437 from building 180 and played 2128 01:39:03,438 --> 01:39:05,939 Johnny B. Goode lives. 2129 01:39:05,940 --> 01:39:09,234 Everyone starts dancing and it's amazing. 2130 01:39:09,235 --> 01:39:12,320 - Ed Stone dances with Johnny B. Goode. 2131 01:39:12,321 --> 01:39:13,288 That's something to see. 2132 01:39:13,289 --> 01:39:14,948 Everyone is dancing. 2133 01:39:14,949 --> 01:39:16,371 - Rockstar moment 2134 01:39:16,372 --> 01:39:18,040 and sail on Voyager. 2135 01:39:19,704 --> 01:39:21,997 ♫ Go ♫ 2136 01:39:21,998 --> 01:39:24,916 ♫ Johnny B. Goode ♫ 2137 01:39:24,917 --> 01:39:26,134 - And I will go to sleep 2138 01:39:26,135 --> 01:39:28,255 or maybe I'll dance a little more. 2139 01:39:28,256 --> 01:39:29,631 Thank you very much, Lou? 2140 01:39:34,844 --> 01:39:37,641 - Meanwhile Voyager One is still rather roaming out there, 2141 01:39:37,642 --> 01:39:39,222 farther and farther away, 2142 01:39:39,223 --> 01:39:40,566 and a number of people on the team, 2143 01:39:40,567 --> 01:39:41,855 including Carl Sagan, 2144 01:39:41,856 --> 01:39:43,977 Have this idea before us 2145 01:39:43,978 --> 01:39:46,021 must turn off the camera, 2146 01:39:46,022 --> 01:39:47,355 let's turn around, 2147 01:39:47,356 --> 01:39:48,776 Look back towards the Sun 2148 01:39:48,777 --> 01:39:49,900 and let's take a photo 2149 01:39:49,901 --> 01:39:52,241 our solar system is not like that ever 2150 01:39:52,242 --> 01:39:53,406 has been taken before 2151 01:39:53,407 --> 01:39:55,530 there is actually opposition to it. 2152 01:39:55,531 --> 01:39:56,656 They just don't want to do it! 2153 01:39:56,657 --> 01:39:58,033 They can't lift their heads 2154 01:39:58,034 --> 01:40:00,249 what's the point of taking photos 2155 01:40:00,250 --> 01:40:02,370 from Earth and Jupiter and so on 2156 01:40:02,371 --> 01:40:03,418 because they will only be 2157 01:40:03,419 --> 01:40:04,757 a little light. 2158 01:40:04,758 --> 01:40:06,296 So Carl becomes Carl 2159 01:40:07,585 --> 01:40:09,053 really go far 2160 01:40:09,054 --> 01:40:10,962 to NASA 2161 01:40:10,963 --> 01:40:12,839 and ask NASA to direct it 2162 01:40:12,840 --> 01:40:14,683 Jet 2163 01:40:14,684 --> 01:40:17,219 Propulsion Laboratory to take this series of images 2164 01:40:17,220 --> 01:40:19,513 - There is no science at all. 2165 01:40:19,514 --> 01:40:20,764 Not at all 2166 01:40:29,565 --> 01:40:30,780 - People have taken selfies 2167 01:40:30,781 --> 01:40:31,900 from our planet so far 2168 01:40:31,901 --> 01:40:33,652 the space program has taken place. 2169 01:40:33,653 --> 01:40:35,824 No one has ever taken it like this. 2170 01:40:35,825 --> 01:40:38,540 And they end in Valentine's Day 1990, 2171 01:40:38,541 --> 01:40:41,701 Take this beautiful family portrait. 2172 01:40:45,081 --> 01:40:48,335 - When we do portraits we are each planet, 2173 01:40:48,336 --> 01:40:50,302 I'm the first person who looks at the picture 2174 01:40:50,303 --> 01:40:52,170 and I know every blemish, 2175 01:40:52,171 --> 01:40:53,842 and so I can quickly go 2176 01:40:53,843 --> 01:40:55,307 blemish, blemish, blemish. 2177 01:40:55,308 --> 01:40:58,093 And I thought, "Now, where is the earth?" 2178 01:40:58,094 --> 01:41:00,017 How can we know? 2179 01:41:00,888 --> 01:41:03,723 And then I realize there are many, 2180 01:41:03,724 --> 01:41:08,103 There are many streaks of light on the image, 2181 01:41:08,104 --> 01:41:10,146 and finally I realize 2182 01:41:10,147 --> 01:41:11,820 the earth is sitting 2183 01:41:11,821 --> 01:41:14,285 in one of the rays of light. 2184 01:41:15,736 --> 01:41:17,237 I just sat there for a while 2185 01:41:17,238 --> 01:41:19,406 Just be aware 2186 01:41:19,407 --> 01:41:22,075 "Wow, it's the Earth, you know, 2187 01:41:22,076 --> 01:41:24,494 " That Voyager looks back to Earth. " 2188 01:41:24,495 --> 01:41:25,996 And then once I recover, 2189 01:41:25,997 --> 01:41:27,249 I start calling people. 2190 01:41:27,250 --> 01:41:28,415 I called Brad. 2191 01:41:28,416 --> 01:41:29,292 Brad, "We understand." 2192 01:41:29,293 --> 01:41:31,209 Called Carl, "Carl, we understand." 2193 01:41:31,210 --> 01:41:32,132 Called my father 2194 01:41:33,796 --> 01:41:35,760 - And this type different milestones 2195 01:41:35,761 --> 01:41:37,757 rather than the scientific milestones we have. 2196 01:41:37,758 --> 01:41:39,676 Which is truly symbolic. 2197 01:41:39,677 --> 01:41:40,724 - I'm an imaging scientist, 2198 01:41:40,725 --> 01:41:42,596 so I first realized , oh, this doesn't change 2199 01:41:42,597 --> 01:41:44,440 the way we think will change, 2200 01:41:44,441 --> 01:41:47,267 and my first push took my hand 2201 01:41:47,268 --> 01:41:49,019 and remove dust, 2202 01:41:49,020 --> 01:41:50,272 because there is dust on it. 2203 01:41:50,273 --> 01:41:51,944 Well, one piece of dust 2204 01:41:51,945 --> 01:41:55,734 that I want to remove from Earth. 2205 01:41:55,735 --> 01:41:58,534 But that doesn't matter because in Carl's hands, 2206 01:41:58,535 --> 01:42:01,197 he turns it into an allegory 2207 01:42:01,198 --> 01:42:03,491 in human condition. 2208 01:42:03,492 --> 01:42:05,210 - And the next slide. 2209 01:42:12,376 --> 01:42:13,918 Earth in the sun. 2210 01:42:16,505 --> 01:42:17,552 And in this color image 2211 01:42:17,553 --> 01:42:21,092 You can see that is actually less than one pixel, 2212 01:42:21,093 --> 01:42:23,219 and here we live, 2213 01:42:23,220 --> 01:42:25,013 on the blue dot 2214 01:42:25,014 --> 01:42:26,436 In that blue dot. 2215 01:42:27,933 --> 01:42:30,685 That's where everyone you know 2216 01:42:30,686 --> 01:42:31,983 and everyone you've heard of 2217 01:42:31,984 --> 01:42:34,814 and every human who has lived, 2218 01:42:34,815 --> 01:42:36,658 live their lives 2219 01:42:38,569 --> 01:42:40,236 I think this perspective 2220 01:42:40,237 --> 01:42:43,031 underlining our responsibilities 2221 01:42:43,032 --> 01:42:46,206 to preserve and appreciate the blue dot, 2222 01:42:47,161 --> 01:42:49,004 the only house we have 2223 01:42:50,289 --> 01:42:52,383 - My father talked about this a little 2224 01:42:52,384 --> 01:42:55,418 A small spot on this vast cosmic night. 2225 01:42:55,419 --> 01:42:58,171 And we are part of something bigger. 2226 01:42:58,172 --> 01:43:00,340 And we are also alone. 2227 01:43:00,341 --> 01:43:01,684 There are good things that he thinks are like 2228 01:43:01,685 --> 01:43:03,265 "There are no signs of help going on 2229 01:43:03,266 --> 01:43:05,261 " Come here save our from ourselves. 2230 01:43:05,262 --> 01:43:06,805 "It's up to us." 2231 01:43:29,120 --> 01:43:31,084 - After Neptune, the project continues 2232 01:43:31,085 --> 01:43:33,832 but keep going in a different way. 2233 01:43:33,833 --> 01:43:37,460 Voyager no longer meets. 2234 01:43:37,461 --> 01:43:40,465 They only sail out towards interstellar space 2235 01:43:40,466 --> 01:43:42,465 that people don't really understand 2236 01:43:42,466 --> 01:43:44,639 how far will happen 2237 01:43:47,388 --> 01:43:50,140 - When we designed Voyager, 2238 01:43:50,141 --> 01:43:54,185 interstellar space, where the limit is, 2239 01:43:54,186 --> 01:43:55,904 completely unknown 2240 01:43:56,731 --> 01:43:57,983 We have our eyes 2241 01:43:58,983 --> 01:44:00,447 on interstellar missions 2242 01:44:00,448 --> 01:44:02,821 Will we push spacecraft 2243 01:44:02,822 --> 01:44:04,821 to get out of our solar system 2244 01:44:04,822 --> 01:44:07,198 and enter the galaxy? 2245 01:44:07,199 --> 01:44:08,450 That shot in the dark 2246 01:44:08,451 --> 01:44:10,795 because no one knows how far. 2247 01:44:13,122 --> 01:44:14,544 Uncharted waters 2248 01:44:15,750 --> 01:44:17,965 - Goldstone, Voyager race. 2249 01:44:17,966 --> 01:44:19,836 - Voyager Racing, Goldstone. 2250 01:44:19,837 --> 01:44:22,088 - Please activate the modulation command 2251 01:44:22,089 --> 01:44:22,931 at 1800. 2252 01:44:24,925 --> 01:44:28,803 - Goldstone prints 1800 for orders. 2253 01:44:28,804 --> 01:44:31,139 - That's confirmed 2254 01:44:52,995 --> 01:44:54,793 - We know the Sun has this influence of gravity 2255 01:44:54,794 --> 01:44:56,334 It runs out, almost halfway 2256 01:44:56,335 --> 01:44:57,373 to the nearest star 2257 01:44:57,374 --> 01:44:59,468 So in terms of gravity, edge of the solar system 2258 01:44:59,469 --> 01:45:01,133 will bring Voyager 10-thousand 2259 01:45:01,134 --> 01:45:02,879 years to get there 2260 01:45:02,880 --> 01:45:05,051 But, the Sun's magnetic field 2261 01:45:05,052 --> 01:45:06,426 can only extend so far. 2262 01:45:06,427 --> 01:45:08,259 These are bubbles around our star. 2263 01:45:08,260 --> 01:45:09,182 All stars have bubbles. 2264 01:45:09,183 --> 01:45:11,763 We can see the bubbles contained in other stars out there. 2265 01:45:11,764 --> 01:45:13,061 So we know they have bubbles. 2266 01:45:13,062 --> 01:45:14,724 Where is our bubble end? 2267 01:45:14,725 --> 01:45:16,893 Where is the influence of the Sun 2268 01:45:16,894 --> 01:45:21,606 and that magnetic field gives way to the galaxy? 2269 01:45:21,607 --> 01:45:23,029 - We keep going and years have passed 2270 01:45:23,030 --> 01:45:24,776 and years go by and we don't 2271 01:45:24,777 --> 01:45:27,654 detect interstellar media 2272 01:45:32,827 --> 01:45:35,245 - Throughout the 1990s, 2273 01:45:35,246 --> 01:45:37,711 Still not finding the bubble tip. 2274 01:45:37,712 --> 01:45:40,208 Throughout the 2000s, was still not found 2275 01:45:40,209 --> 01:45:41,876 bubble edges, 2276 01:45:41,877 --> 01:45:45,713 and finally in 2012 Voyager One, 2277 01:45:45,714 --> 01:45:46,761 which will be the fastest, 2278 01:45:46,762 --> 01:45:48,424 the farthest, 2279 01:45:48,425 --> 01:45:50,390 start to see these funny things happen 2280 01:45:50,391 --> 01:45:51,511 to a winding line. 2281 01:45:51,512 --> 01:45:54,641 What is a magnetic field The sun changes direction? 2282 01:45:54,642 --> 01:45:58,063 Changing the type of particles that are trapped dramatically? 2283 01:45:58,064 --> 01:45:59,858 And see this crazy surge. 2284 01:46:01,689 --> 01:46:02,689 Everyone says, "Oh, what is that?" 2285 01:46:02,690 --> 01:46:04,899 And then return to normal. 2286 01:46:04,900 --> 01:46:05,900 And that's only literally 2287 01:46:05,901 --> 01:46:07,527 one magical day, 2288 01:46:07,528 --> 01:46:10,196 At that time in August 2012 2289 01:46:10,197 --> 01:46:12,407 everything changes 2290 01:46:12,408 --> 01:46:13,828 And that's like pffft, 2291 01:46:13,829 --> 01:46:15,622 just got out of the bubble. 2292 01:46:15,623 --> 01:46:17,834 Voyager One has left our solar system. 2293 01:46:17,835 --> 01:46:19,375 the first thing built by humans 2294 01:46:19,376 --> 01:46:20,793 that has left our solar system 2295 01:46:20,794 --> 01:46:23,084 and now in interstellar space. 2296 01:46:23,085 --> 01:46:24,553 - Important historic announcement 2297 01:46:24,554 --> 01:46:26,138 by NASA just a while ago 2298 01:46:26,139 --> 01:46:28,590 confirms the Voyager spacecraft, 2299 01:46:28,591 --> 01:46:30,309 Voyager, as in the case launched 2300 01:46:30,310 --> 01:46:33,219 way back in 1977 explore the moon, 2301 01:46:33,220 --> 01:46:34,563 exploring the planet. 2302 01:46:34,564 --> 01:46:37,265 Well, it has entered interstellar space. 2303 01:46:37,266 --> 01:46:38,688 - NASA says that Voyager One 2304 01:46:38,689 --> 01:46:41,185 has become the first man-made object 2305 01:46:41,186 --> 01:46:43,062 to reach interstellar space 2306 01:46:43,063 --> 01:46:45,064 Dark dark areas among the stars. 2307 01:46:45,065 --> 01:46:47,066 - And we have slipped the outer grip 2308 01:46:47,067 --> 01:46:49,944 our solar system with Voyager One. 2309 01:46:49,945 --> 01:46:51,616 The first man-made object 2310 01:46:51,617 --> 01:46:53,615 to explore interstellar space. 2311 01:46:55,200 --> 01:46:56,245 - This is a good achievement, actually. 2312 01:46:56,246 --> 01:46:57,495 When you think about it, it's historic, 2313 01:46:57,496 --> 01:47:00,079 our first step out from our bubbles 2314 01:47:00,080 --> 01:47:02,582 that has been around all the planets 2315 01:47:02,583 --> 01:47:04,756 and around the earth basically forever. 2316 01:47:04,757 --> 01:47:07,045 And now it's finally a little 2317 01:47:07,046 --> 01:47:09,424 The thing we have built has left the bubble 2318 01:47:09,425 --> 01:47:12,634 and are in the space between stars. 2319 01:47:12,635 --> 01:47:13,930 - I like that when it happens. 2320 01:47:13,931 --> 01:47:17,057 It feels like humans have arrived at interstellar space 2321 01:47:17,058 --> 01:47:19,275 and we all feel done by Voyager 2322 01:47:19,276 --> 01:47:21,644 we enter the galaxy a little. 2323 01:47:23,479 --> 01:47:25,647 - This is a small machine that can. 2324 01:47:25,648 --> 01:47:27,116 This is a small spaceship which continues 2325 01:47:27,117 --> 01:47:28,983 go and go and go and nothing 2326 01:47:28,984 --> 01:47:30,735 really know how to do it 2327 01:47:30,736 --> 01:47:33,071 But everyone burns it. 2328 01:47:51,465 --> 01:47:54,014 - There will never be other missions like that. 2329 01:47:54,015 --> 01:47:57,595 That is the first and the last of its kind. 2330 01:47:57,596 --> 01:48:00,186 - Voyager rarely comes out of my mind. 2331 01:48:00,187 --> 01:48:01,434 Always a small part of me 2332 01:48:01,435 --> 01:48:03,898 wonder where is Voyager tonight? 2333 01:48:03,899 --> 01:48:06,113 Whenever I see a night star, 2334 01:48:06,114 --> 01:48:09,899 I look in the direction that each goes. 2335 01:48:09,900 --> 01:48:13,617 - We are a generation that sends something into space 2336 01:48:13,618 --> 01:48:15,785 not only will life be longer than us, 2337 01:48:15,786 --> 01:48:18,783 live longer than our star. 2338 01:48:18,784 --> 01:48:20,582 Four billion years from now 2339 01:48:20,583 --> 01:48:23,171 Our sun changes into a red giant, 2340 01:48:24,123 --> 01:48:26,376 Voyager will still transport trucks 2341 01:48:26,377 --> 01:48:29,002 Out there through the stars, 2342 01:48:29,003 --> 01:48:31,254 and singing of our times 2343 01:48:31,255 --> 01:48:32,255 will be out there 2344 01:48:32,256 --> 01:48:34,424 Chuck Berry is still out there. 2345 01:48:34,425 --> 01:48:36,175 We will stay out there. 2346 01:48:36,176 --> 01:48:39,762 - When Voyager resources die 2347 01:48:39,763 --> 01:48:43,016 and when the spacecraft can't can send it again 2348 01:48:43,017 --> 01:48:45,059 useful information, 2349 01:48:45,060 --> 01:48:48,521 that's really the point where Golden Record 2350 01:48:48,522 --> 01:48:50,900 becomes the main function 2351 01:48:51,900 --> 01:48:53,109 of the mission 2352 01:48:53,110 --> 01:48:55,325 That everything is turned off, 2353 01:48:55,326 --> 01:48:57,118 the note is still floating 2354 01:48:57,119 --> 01:48:59,699 Somewhere in interstellar space, 2355 01:48:59,700 --> 01:49:02,827 complete the last part of the mission. 2356 01:49:05,372 --> 01:49:08,125 ♫ Go daddy go go ♫ 2357 01:49:11,670 --> 01:49:14,389 - I think the space itself is the message. 2358 01:49:14,390 --> 01:49:16,591 Space technology, 2359 01:49:16,592 --> 01:49:18,926 radio isotope power system, 2360 01:49:18,927 --> 01:49:21,929 communication system, instrument, 2361 01:49:21,930 --> 01:49:24,145 all of those things carry messages 2362 01:49:24,146 --> 01:49:26,356 who says these people are building this know what they are doing 2363 01:49:26,357 --> 01:49:27,815 - Are there differences in or our solar system? 2364 01:49:27,816 --> 01:49:30,313 today than at that time? 2365 01:49:30,314 --> 01:49:32,148 No. 2366 01:49:32,149 --> 01:49:33,649 Where are we different? 2367 01:49:33,650 --> 01:49:35,276 Right! 2368 01:49:35,277 --> 01:49:36,153 Sensation of discovery, 2369 01:49:38,197 --> 01:49:41,365 reaches heliopause, 2370 01:49:41,366 --> 01:49:44,160 completing the Grand Tour, 2371 01:49:44,161 --> 01:49:46,579 I mean humans, our children have just succeeded. 2372 01:49:46,580 --> 01:49:49,880 - Voyager One and Voyager Two 2373 01:49:52,086 --> 01:49:54,587 will orbit the center Milky Way Galaxy 2374 01:49:54,588 --> 01:49:57,590 with all stars 2375 01:49:57,591 --> 01:49:58,433 and every 200 and around 50 million years 2376 01:49:58,434 --> 01:50:00,890 will complete orbit around 2377 01:50:00,891 --> 01:50:02,887 the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. 2378 01:50:02,888 --> 01:50:05,598 2379 01:50:05,599 --> 01:50:08,851 - No wind, water, rain, weathering. 2380 01:50:08,852 --> 01:50:10,445 There are no planets they will meet, 2381 01:50:10,446 --> 01:50:12,188 there is no asteroid or comet belt 2382 01:50:12,189 --> 01:50:14,816 that they will run to. 2383 01:50:14,817 --> 01:50:17,985 and more than thousands, millions, 2384 01:50:17,986 --> 01:50:19,695 billions of years 2385 01:50:19,696 --> 01:50:23,166 they are predicted to remain intact. 2386 01:50:24,284 --> 01:50:25,748 - From Voyager's point of view, 2387 01:50:25,749 --> 01:50:28,121 The sun is only the brightest star in the sky. 2388 01:50:28,122 --> 01:50:29,247 Not too much 2389 01:50:29,248 --> 01:50:31,707 The coming year will fade 2390 01:50:31,708 --> 01:50:35,545 to be one of all other stars in the galaxy. 2391 01:50:35,546 --> 01:50:38,506 And from time to time above aeon 2392 01:50:38,507 --> 01:50:40,383 Bintang will be a kind of approach and become brighter 2393 01:50:40,384 --> 01:50:41,556 and then it will dim again. 2394 01:50:41,557 --> 01:50:44,474 like being in a lifeboat in the Atlantic at night. 2395 01:50:44,475 --> 01:50:46,314 Maybe you see a ship that is far past, 2396 01:50:46,315 --> 01:50:47,890 maybe not 2397 01:50:47,891 --> 01:50:49,642 That's the future of Voyager for 2398 01:50:49,643 --> 01:50:51,477 billions of years to come 2399 01:50:55,566 --> 01:50:57,030 - All human tragedies 2400 01:50:57,031 --> 01:50:58,948 and worries and concerns that drive 2401 01:50:58,949 --> 01:51:02,363 You and me too all people will long be forgotten. 2402 01:51:02,364 --> 01:51:04,407 and our existence as species 2403 01:51:04,408 --> 01:51:06,450 and biggest win, 2404 01:51:06,451 --> 01:51:07,702 things people think 2405 01:51:07,703 --> 01:51:09,421 the most important things in their lives, 2406 01:51:09,422 --> 01:51:11,289 all that will be forgotten 2407 01:51:11,290 --> 01:51:14,792 And the universe doesn't care about it. 2408 01:51:14,793 --> 01:51:16,544 But there is a possibility at least 2409 01:51:16,545 --> 01:51:19,010 one thing we have created will be out there. 2410 01:51:19,011 --> 01:51:20,929 And who knows, maybe someday 2411 01:51:20,930 --> 01:51:23,009 with unlimited small opportunities 2412 01:51:23,010 --> 01:51:25,219 Other creatures might find it 2413 01:51:25,220 --> 01:51:27,348 and at least know our existence. 2414 01:51:27,349 --> 01:51:30,766 This is very unlikely, but not impossible. 2415 01:51:30,767 --> 01:51:33,227 And the small possibility is definitely 2416 01:51:33,228 --> 01:51:34,400 gives us hope 2417 01:51:36,315 --> 01:51:37,862 - We will continue 2418 01:51:39,735 --> 01:51:41,694 to get back signals from Voyager 2419 01:51:41,695 --> 01:51:42,992 and we will continue to try and get 2420 01:51:42,993 --> 01:51:46,032 The signal back from Voyager as long as we can. 2421 01:51:46,033 --> 01:51:48,409 There will be one day 2422 01:51:48,410 --> 01:51:52,288 When the antenna is listening to Voyager 2423 01:51:52,289 --> 01:51:54,508 and we don't hear anything 2424 01:51:56,501 --> 01:51:58,127 And that will be the day 2425 01:51:58,128 --> 01:52:01,553 we stop communication with Voyager. 2426 01:52:05,260 --> 01:52:06,512 And that's very sad. 2427 01:52:06,513 --> 01:52:09,597 is it 45 years old, 2428 01:52:09,598 --> 01:52:13,774 or 55 years, or 50 years since it was launched, 2429 01:52:15,687 --> 01:52:17,610 it will be very sad 2430 01:52:19,274 --> 01:52:21,902 Because it becomes silent. 2431 01:52:22,903 --> 01:52:26,739 And we have no chance say goodbye. 2432 01:52:40,337 --> 01:52:43,422 ♫ You won the race ♫ 2433 01:52:43,423 --> 01:52:46,801 ♫ We've claimed our place ♫ 2434 01:52:46,802 --> 01:52:50,179 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2435 01:52:50,180 --> 01:52:53,182 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2436 01:52:53,183 --> 01:52:56,394 ♫ We 've won the race ♫ 2437 01:52:56,395 --> 01:52:59,897 ♫ We've claimed our place ♫ 2438 01:52:59,898 --> 01:53:03,276 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2439 01:53:03,277 --> 01:53:06,281 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2440 01:53:07,364 --> 01:53:09,949 ♫ Our mind is in a daze ♫ 2441 01:53:09,950 --> 01:53:12,910 ♫ My thoughts will start to fray ♫ 2442 01:53:12,911 --> 01:53:15,955 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2443 01:53:15,956 --> 01:53:19,750 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2444 01:53:19,751 --> 01:53:22,795 ♫ I feel I'm going down ♫ 2445 01:53:22,796 --> 01:53:25,798 ♫ There are no more solid ground ♫ 2446 01:53:25,799 --> 01:53:28,592 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2447 01:53:28,593 --> 01:53:31,597 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2448 01:53:32,681 --> 01:53:35,474 ♫ Nobody has ever told me ♫ 2449 01:53:35,475 --> 01:53:38,811 ♫ I need someone to hold me ♫ 2450 01:53:38,812 --> 01:53:41,605 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2451 01:53:41,606 --> 01:53:45,151 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2452 01:53:45,152 --> 01:53:48,362 ♫ I hear an evil sound ♫ 2453 01:53:48,363 --> 01:53:51,073 ♫ It comes from all around ♫ 2454 01:53:51,074 --> 01:53:53,993 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2455 01:53:53,994 --> 01:53:57,580 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2456 01:53:57,581 --> 01:54:00,249 ♫ We've won the race ♫ 2457 01:54:00,250 --> 01:54:03,419 ♫ We've claimed our place ♫ 2458 01:54:03,420 --> 01:54:06,422 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2459 01:54:06,423 --> 01:54:09,800 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2460 01:54:09,801 --> 01:54:12,720 ♫ We've won the race ♫ 2461 01:54:12,721 --> 01:54:15,973 ♫ We've claimed our place ♫ 2462 01:54:15,974 --> 01:54:19,060 ♫ Forever cold ♫ 2463 01:54:19,061 --> 01:54:22,065 ♫ And lost in space ♫ 2464 01:54:35,702 --> 01:54:37,541 - If aliens hear my voice 2465 01:54:37,542 --> 01:54:39,585 and I know that he heard my voice. 2466 01:54:39,586 --> 01:54:42,416 He or she hears my voice, 2467 01:54:42,417 --> 01:54:44,377 I will cheer. 2468 01:54:44,378 --> 01:54:47,421 I'll jump around with 2469 01:54:47,422 --> 01:54:49,006 happy. 2470 01:54:49,007 --> 01:54:49,847 - What do you say? 2471 01:54:49,848 --> 01:54:50,635 How to... 2472 01:54:50,636 --> 01:54:51,474 - 2473 01:54:51,475 --> 01:54:52,308 - 2474 01:54:52,309 --> 01:54:53,178 - I call it for him 2475 01:54:53,178 --> 01:54:54,018 - I see that. 2476 01:54:54,019 --> 01:54:54,854 I won't do that 2477 01:54:54,855 --> 01:54:58,682 It's popular now but I'm private 2478 01:54:58,683 --> 01:55:02,520 don't like answering parmodify spacecraft. 2479 01:55:02,521 --> 01:55:04,063 They don't like it. 2480 01:55:06,108 --> 01:55:08,327 - Okay, now I always want to do this. 2481 01:55:08,328 --> 01:55:09,490 Are you ready? 2482 01:55:10,612 --> 01:55:11,784 23 takes seven 2483 01:55:18,620 --> 01:55:19,462 - Voyager 2484 01:55:20,462 --> 01:55:22,500 Original text: Chromeman Translator: Arytoon 2485 01:55:23,500 --> 01:55:24,342 Great. 2486 01:55:25,836 --> 01:55:28,379 ♫ I saw ♫ 2487 01:55:28,380 --> 01:55:30,508 ♫ The day ♫ 2488 01:55:31,508 --> 01:55:34,468 ♫ Where we all walked ♫ 2489 01:55:34,469 --> 01:55:36,392 ♫ Away ♫ 2490 01:55:37,973 --> 01:55:39,975 Submitted by: www.subtitlecinema.com