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Roger, we see it, Jack.
And, uh, we got readings, uh,
minus two degrees in the docking index.
We want to know if it's 2.0 right or whether it's 2.1 or 1.9.
No, that's minus 2.0 right.
CAPCOM looks like the last item we need to hear stir on H2 and O2 at their convenience.
Good.
13, we have one more item for you,
when you get a chance, we want you to do it stir your cryo tube.
In addition, it has a shaft in front of you...
Good.
... to see the center if you need it.
Okay, get ready.
Hey, Houston, we have a problem here.
We have more problems.
Okay, listen. Look, all of you.
We lose one fuel cell and two pressures.
Uh, Houston, we have a problem,
Get ready. They have a problem.
Main B bus undervolt.
Roger. The main Undervolt B.
Stand by, 13. We are looking at it.
We have a pretty big bang
related to warning lights and warnings.
What is in our minds is,
"We are far from home".
We were hit with something we didn't expect,
we were hit with something we just got,
in our wildest imagination or what if you think, they never thought.
That damn room is seriously confused.
And it takes a while to come that conclusion, but it's true,
and I am not sure that Mission Control knows what to do at that time.
I said, "Chris, we're in big trouble".
We are still trying to understand the total scope of this problem.
One of our fuel cells is dead,
the second is dying,
and from the point of view of everything we have...
You know, it's not a possibility.
I mean, it's not a survival situation, but the crew survived.
The key for me is time.
We need time to think.
We need to attract this team with
doing something that has never been done before.
And, Team Peake, when you work your way
around the caster pole there,
Don't hesitate to look at the load path
and get some situational awareness...
When I try to explain to someone
what I do for life, I always have to ask,
Have you ever watched a movie & apos; Apollo 13?
You know, the big room where everyone is sitting?
That is where I sit, that's what I do.
When you describe your work,
they ask, "What are you doing at NASA?"
And I said, "I am the Director of Flight",
and they see me confused,
and I say,
"You know, a man with a vest and a cut is cut?"
I, uh, have the opportunity to meet some of them.
I really admire everything they stand for
and what they can achieve.
I think it's amazing, um,
from nothing they build this great institution.
Okay understand that. This is a ventilation tube in the middle.
We will not be here today
without the achievements made by these people
and the steps they take
in taking us to the path of human space flight.
Yes, we will leave you there.
Good. Understood.
People who have worked at NASA
and especially people in the Apollo era
make it a point to come and talk to us
to ensure that we really understand the job
which we are preparing,
and share their experiences with us.
So we are all very grateful to our founders.
I grew up in Oklahoma and Texas,
and I used to sit outside at night and I looked at the moon.
It never occurred to me...
that we will land people there.
I still go out and I like to watch the moon,
but I don't see it in the same way as I did when I grew up.
This is a different month for me now.
My childhood was directed by my drunk father,
and he is a basket, and he is a gambler.
I left Philadelphia where we finally lived,
and when I was 18, I said, "I already have it".
"I came out of this hell", and I joined the Army.
And they make me a weather expert.
Of all things.
When I became a senior in high school,
I think I took a talent test,
and it is said that I must be good a funeral director or an engineer.
So I went to the library and checked out a book called "What Engineers Do",
and that really tickles me, and I say,
That's what I want. "I want to be an engineer".
I was born in a small town in Pennsylvania,
coal mining city.
My father worked in a coal mine for a while.
But growing up, I was truly fascinated with airplanes,
so I built many aircraft models
and I hang them from the ceiling.
Small Balsa,
learn how to put paper around them and shrink it.
Uh, and, you know, they look good.
Aviation factories need men to design future planes.
I went to Virginia Tech during World War II.
I'm studying mechanical engineering,
but I want to be a baseball player, not an engineer,
but I know I'm not good enough.
I think I will become this great baseball player,
which I don't.
You know, I'm not going anywhere.
Somehow I finally went to this junior college,
learning merchandising.
I spent two years there,
I really didn't learn much, even about merchandising.
I learned how to smoke, smoke cigars,
drinking whiskey and chasing women. That's what I learned.
And I do a good job to learn it.
And then everything changes.
There is something new in heaven,
something that has never existed before.
This surrounds the Earth once every 96 minutes.
This is called Sputnik.
I remember Sputnik.
That's in an English class,
speakers come
and the principal announces what has happened,
and Russia has put spacecraft or objects into space.
I remember driving along the road,
and when I heard that on the news
and I thought, "What? What is this?"
And we say, "Sacred-Moly", you know,
These people are in front of us.
They get man-made satellites.
And then shortly after, uh, when Gagarin flew.
That is a propaganda coup this year.
And obviously we all know we are racing.
After Russian flights, US plans are accelerated.
Commander Alan B. Shepard is sent on a suborbital flight,
unlike Russia...
And when Kennedy put the challenge
which let's go to the moon and go back and do it in a decade,
I remember, I wasn't even in the space program,
but I remember thinking, "Can it be done?"
There are no single space projects in this period
will be more impressive for humanity,
or more important for long-distance exploration,
and nothing will be so difficult or expensive to solve.
President Kennedy has mapped our direction.
Men landing on the moon...
... before the end of this decade.
We don't know anything about going to the moon,
about the environment we are headed for,
or mechanical aspects what will be needed from us.
These things are quite complicated.
They might not look complicated today,
but they are very complicated at that time.
The background of flight control is really
what we originally did in flight tests, testing airplanes.
At Edwards Air Force Base, NACA where I work,
is responsible for testing X-1.
So, it's almost natural to have someone on the ground
monitor the X-1 system, make sure it's ready to fly
from base B-29.
And they can then monitor vehicle performance,
but also trial performance.
That is my flight test concept
and that became my concept of flight control.
Okay, now what does space flight mean to us?
How we will make such a system
which will allow us to get that kind of information and talk to the crew?
That's a very big job.
We don't have any building, we don't have radar,
we don't have telemetry,
we don't have voice communication.
And we finally said, "This is our requirement".
We must tell them they must have a computer.
What is a computer?
That's almost as much as we don't know.
That is not something we decided suddenly.
We have a control center, we have these stations,
and we will fly.
That's not what happened.
It develops over time.
That's kind of an evolutionary thing.
Chris is the creator of Mission Control.
His is the first sound we hear,
and he is the foundation for what becomes Mission Control
and the relationship with the crew and flight itself.
There is never a question who is responsible...
because he has a persona, he has an attitude,
He has speed, he has mental skills
needed to pull this team together.
He has a way about him that he can see
what happened, what was needed,
and think about what we have to do to satisfy that need.
... Two, one, fire.
Oh, the scenery is amazing.
On the Cape, it's a rather old steam engine
rather display.
You have many small meters.
To read pressure and temperature,
and the amount of fuel and things like that.
When we get the goal to go to the moon,
it's really a step that is far greater than Mercury.
Be the path to building a Control Center in Houston,
complete it for the digital era, and make it work like that,
is a big step for us from what we have done
at the Control Center on the Cape.
One thousand five hundred miles west of Cape Kennedy,
the heart of the whole project,
Center for Manned Spacecraft in Houston, Texas.
And where the building is behind me all major decisions are made throughout the flight.
Mission Control.
From launch until it falls down,
in this room 17 key people whose average age is only 30
will supervise and control the Apollo Mission.
They will be assisted in their assignments
by a continuous flow of information
pour into this room 24 hours a day from outer space
and from tracking stations around the world.
From this screen panel behind me,
they will be able to call anything
from direct television images of Cape Kennedy,
or a recovery vessel,
to the moon map, like that,
to the circuit diagram of the smallest transistor
above the spaceship.
All controllers in this room will be assisted by six rooms
full of backup staff.
So, we need a lot of people.
We are looking for people with certain abilities:
mathematical abilities, system capabilities,
communication skills, continue and continue.
I have become an air traffic controller.
One day the phone rings
and that is a man here in Houston
and he began to tell me that they were recruiting
every engineer who walks in the door.
And the next thing I know,
I'm driving to Houston in my Austin Healey sports car
with my black and white TV and clothes.
* Come and do a trip *
* In my rocket ship *
* We will have a beautiful afternoon *
* Kiss the world goodbye *
* And we go flying *
* Destination Month *
* Travel as fast as light *
* Until we are lost from view *
* Earth like a toy balloon *
* Well, the sensation you get *
* Up with a jet... *
I work at McDonnell Aircraft doing electrical designs,
so I am set with a promise
and fill out the application form
works for NASA.
About three months later,
I go home one day and there is a telegram
under my door,
job offer.
Look, I think when I register
I will only get an interview maybe.
Maybe that's what I told my wife.
But when the telegram arrives, it is an offer,
and that is an offer for more money than
a village boy who has been seen,
$ 6,770 a year.
My first job was to provide a Mission Control tour,
and the Control Center is only equipped with a console.
Because I am a tour guide,
I have the opportunity to meet people who will go
man console,
and I say "man" because there are no women, they are all men.
And they will run it console and make a decision,
and they don't have much time
but they tell me a little what they will do,
at least what is the basic job of each position.
The front bank of this console, which is known locally as Trench,
maybe because it's on the front line,
This is where Rocket Men sit.
It's their job to monitor and inspect every machine
on the spaceship
shooting correctly and pushing Apollo
in the right direction.
Right behind them here, Flight Surgeon.
The console has two normal screens like the others,
but here in the middle, on this screen
he can monitor the physical state of the astronauts
second by second throughout the flight.
Next to it is the Communicator Capsule.
Astronot itself,
he is trained with a crew and speaks jargon astronaut,
and act as a kind of translator
when a very difficult order must occur pass from Flight Control to crew.
Next to it, along this console bank,
people who check all systems
on a spaceship.
And behind them all, the boss, the Flight Director himself.
He coordinates the efforts of everyone
and use it to assume responsibility for minute minute decisions
on mission conditions in all flights.
And hey, we got a new program called Gemini.
Why do we get Gemini?
Well, with all the things we have to do go to moo and start thinking about it,
we have to do some tests.
We must do some things that prove we can do this.
Five, four, three, two,
one, fire.
And there are side benefits it's also very important
because the land must learn how to operate it.
Gemini is the place to prove this Chris Kraft approaches Mission Control.
So for teams in the Control Center, Gemini is a big step.
Each mission has a very clear set of goals.
First of all, you can survive in space.
Second, you can stay there for a long time.
And then, meeting on EVA.
Space runs and all these things.
By the time we leave Gemini,
we have a group of people who are very tested.
And when we arrived at Apollo, we had to blow it up.
You know, make it... it must be bigger.
So, we are ready to take the rigors and the difficulties that Apollo has given us.
Moon is the first step needed for planetary exploration.
To fly people there and restore them safely in this decade
is the goal of the NASA, Apollo project.
Mercury's initial mission,
and experience from Gemini,
has brought this country to the next major milestone:
Apollo's first three space flight.
These are the people who fly the mission:
Command Pilot Virgil Grissom.
I know Gus Grissom is very good.
I know Ed White quite well.
I don't know Roger Chaffee at all.
I know their family,
I know their abilities,
I know them... what drives astronauts.
Saturn rockets, Apollo spacecraft,
and all component parts have been tested and retested.
Everything is almost ready, including the crew,
for the first three-person space flight in the country.
At Apollo 1, we try to get the first manned flight,
and that is encouragement, it's clear...
That usually happens at the beginning of the program,
and we have problems with spacecraft.
We know that there is poor workmanship.
We know that the wire is open.
My introduction to the Apollo
program after I left Gemini
is that they do a direct pad test
with crew in flight conditions
on the pad at the launch location at Kennedy.
Most of the activities are directed by Cape.
I mean, those responsible for that. We only monitor.
But Tanjung is really responsible for that,
so I don't know whether they feel any pressure to get the test done or not.
How to hatch is designed, sealed from the inside.
They are buttoned on the spaceship
at 16 pounds per square inch of pure oxygen.
I don't think any of us are recognized seriousness of danger
we have included the crew.
If you have something that will burn, and if it ever burns,
it will only be a holocaust.
So I sat there watching all the data come in,
listening to dialogue, absorbing these things, learning.
I returned to my office to take care of the documents,
but back to being director of flight,
and Gus said, "I'm ready to go",
finally after grumbling like hell about that fact
that he can't hear someone or he can't talk to someone.
So, we take a break.
They will see if they can improve communication.
And some people stand and leave the room,
but for some reason, I'm back for a moment.
There is something I have to do, and I still turn on the headset.
and at once,
You know, I heard it... "Fire".
And then there is silence, and then there is a lot of noise.
Only sounds. I don't know what that is.
Wow, everything happens quickly.
We sit there and we hear the crew.
We hear cries from the crew.
Exit, exit ".
I say," Hey, come back here. Something happened. " And then, from that time on, that...
it was impossible to do anything.
Uh, of course...
You were just shocked.
Because I've been in the flight test business
long enough in my life,
I've seen death happen in a variety of ways,
but not like that.
And you feel guilty,
You have feelings of remorse that,
You have that feeling, "Oh my God, why do we let that happen?"
I think, uh, we killed all three men.
Almost murder.
In a short time after all This happened,
we are called to an all-hand meeting in the auditorium,
and we were called there by Gene Kranz.
Here we have a group of engineers who are very young,
most of them just came out of campus,
who have never experienced this kind of experience.
The first thing you do
is to identify what your part is in this failure.
And Gen starts to tell us
that we are all responsible for the murder of the crew,
that we haven't done our work yet.
We can go to the program manager and say,
"Listen, we're not ready yet", but we don't.
Therefore, we will never do this again.
Our team in Mission Control will be known by two words.
He said to us, I want you to go back to your office,
and on your board, the white board we have,
I want you to write & apos; tough and competent & apos; on that board,
and I don't want you to delete it.
Tough: we will never ignore our responsibilities
because we are forever responsible for what we do,
or in the case of Apollo 1, what we failed to do.
Competent: we will never accept anything.
We will never stop learning.
From now on, as a team, we will be perfect.
I think that changes the whole attitude
about who we are, what we do,
and how we evolved into the future of space flight.
That's my opinion and the opinion of many others if that doesn't happen,
we will never get to the moon.
Interim period after fire
is the only thing that saves our ass,
because we can step back and say,
What's wrong with this thing?
What should we do to improve it?
And that brings together all of the top-down organizations at NASA.
Without everything that happens, we will never get there.
We have leaders, actually, from the top
who told us, you know, "Complete the job",
and they don't try to do it for us.
We work for people who are great leaders.
This starts with Kraft and Gilruths and those people,
and they guide their people,
and you learn to guide your people
when you become a manager.
To be a leader,
You must be willing to accept responsibility
which requires you to do that,
and that's what people don't understand about management.
They don't understand that commitment is needed...
that you are willing to accept.
I became famous for saying what I thought.
I want to hear what you say,
and I might give you hell if I don't like it,
but it's difficult.
Go and find another idea
that I might like.
And I express such thoughts to people.
That's where I got my management skills.
People like it.
Apollo 8 will become an Earth orbital flight.
Uh, we will fly Lunar Module for the first time.
And we will go and do various maneuvers in Earth orbit.
Well, they deliver the Lunar Module to Cape
and that is terrible hardware.
They can't get the damn thing checked.
And as a result, it's far behind the schedule
and it won't meet the current schedule Command and Service Module
that comes very well.
NASA management raises this idea,
okay, let's take the flight opportunities we have,
let's assume we can get fixes to Saturn V,
and let's think about circling the moon.
I said, "Oh my God, that is really a different proposition."
The risks involved there are various.
And the first thing I did was call my people
which I think is necessary to decide whether we can do it or not.
So we all gather, there are about eight or ten of us,
talk about it, and I tell them what we think.
I think, really, he must be crazy.
You know, we are far from ready to do that.
And I say, I want you to go and I...
This is what I see the problem.
Now, you go ahead and think about this
and you tell me what's the problem,
and do you think you can do it.
So it's an intense weekend,
and we returned on Monday, and said, "Yes, we can do it, with these restrictions".
So we went from Apollo 7
after we finish it,
and bang, they made the announcement.
That's like,
"What will you do?"
We will send the spaceship to the track
will it only miss the moon with 60 miles?
That's amazing.
So, if everything goes well,
in ten minutes to 2:00 on Saturday afternoon,
it's ten minutes to 8:00 a.m. here,
Borman, Lovell and Anders will sit there, one minute from launch,
on a mission that has more risk in it than what Americans have tolerated before,
and on rockets that only fly twice.
Apollo 8, you look good.
We look good.
Apollo 8, Houston. You go for staging, end.
Received.
There is a real meaning of the magnitude
of what we do in the Control Center.
We four times checked every number we
sent to the crew.
You know, nobody says anything to each other,
but you can know,
You know, by looking around
yes, he has the same mind as me.
This is not a simulation, this is real.
Trans Lunar Injection, TLI,
when they do these things, you know you are on the way.
I mean, there's no time to go back
except going around the moon and back, you know.
Now he counts for two...
... one.
That puts us on track towards the moon,
25,000 miles per hour, all the way,
and we can actually, if we want,
beach to the moon.
Track, guide, flight dynamics,
everyone in front, what is called Trench in front of this control center,
say they are happy, and that includes a booster.
During the Apollo 8 Mission,
I'm not directly involved,
so I have luxury, and that's luxury,
that emotional feeling
I'm sure people in the viewing room start feeling...
emotions that people in the world are watching.
I mean, they watched this crew go to the moon and basically describe it.
And instead of having to stay focused on the next event,
next thing, when do we get the next call,
I can say, "God, this is beautiful".
I mean, I can't think of any place I prefer to be in my life
rather than being here in Mission Control.
Uh, this is Apollo Control Houston
at 68 hours, 52 minutes into the Apollo 8. flight At this time, Glynn Lunney had traveled around the room
take a status check with the flight control team.
We see leave, we continue to stand,
and this is Apollo Control Houston.
We start.
I am on duty for Insertion in Lunar Orbit,
and we start falling towards the moon,
and, uh, getting bigger.
There is a two-hour orbit around the moon,
and when you go back to the moon,
You have about 50 minutes
where you can't see the vehicle.
Well, that is a very scary feeling.
You know, we... here we will go to the moon,
have talked back and forth with flight crew along the way.
And then we lose the signal,
You know, LOS, and we can't talk to them.
Mission Control says, You will lose communication with us at times like this,
and for the second, that's where we lose communication.
You can just hear the pin drop in the Control Center.
I mean, this is the first time we went behind the moon.
You can't see it and we can't... You don't have any data,
so we depend on the spacecraft work perfectly behind the moon,
because you can get out of the internet the back of the month, you can go anywhere.
May go to the surface of the cursed moon.
May go into space
if the machine is damaged or the computer is damaged.
So I got up pretty tight.
They have to maneuver on the back
slow to stay in orbit around the moon,
and if they don't maneuver it,
they will go back inside view of the Earth at one time.
If they maneuver, then they will come back again at a later time.
And we have two reverse clock settings
so we can count down for both.
Apollo Control Houston,
mark one minute of estimated acquisition time.
Apollo Control Houston,
Jerry Carr has called, we are ready.
We have not heard anything but we are still standing.
We understand. We understand.
Apollo 8 is now in a lunar orbit.
Sure enough, they come round the corner.
Burns have improved, they are in orbit.
So, there is joy in this room.
Uh, this is Apollo Control, Houston
switch now to Jim Lovell's voice.
Relieved to be very relieved
Because we know they are at least stable.
Now, can we get them out of that orbit
that's another question.
I will say that we all,
we might spend all day
that we are in orbit around the moon, at the Control Center.
Everyone is so excited.
Then, you know, towards the end of today,
Frank Borman comes, say, you know,
they have something to say.
So I just watch what happens with the spaceship,
are all nominal.
And then Frank Borman...
just started, said, at first...
"God created heaven and Earth".
It hits me like a ton of bricks,
and then hit everyone in the Mission Control Center,
I think,
whether they are religion-based or not, like a ton of bricks.
It makes hair stand on my neck.
That, uh, time like that.
None of us knows it will happen,
and, uh, you know, I'm not ashamed to admit I cried.
It just sounds the bell that is right for everyone,
and if you think about it for 40 years
and ask yourself, "What can you say better than that?"
there will be no other answers.
And God sees that it's good.
We are engineers not poets.
We are not good at it, but, uh,
I mean, it's a huge effect
to everyone in the Control Center.
A screenwriter can't do a better job.
In 1968, in the US, a very bad year,
with the Vietnam War taking place, and elections take place,
and riots occur, and murder of two prominent people.
To end the year around the moon on Christmas Eve,
everything falls in place.
Spider Gumdrop, I can see your jet shooting
as clear as bell.
We used to work only crazy hours.
We will run 10 or 12 sim launches a day.
And it's grinding.
We are very consumed with this flight
and train them and so on and so on
that we never really have enough time to enjoy them.
Need a victim on the family, you know.
We are not too much.
Wives take over. They do all that.
And, uh, they manage the check book,
they do everything.
If I can go back and repeat it again,
I won't do it.
That greatly affected my family.
NASA spends my time.
The simulation team has little space
directly from the front of the Control Center
with a glass window, they can see us.
And when we do a simulation, which is a training exercise,
that includes the Control Center,
that includes the crew, the actual crew usually, during the simulator,
and we all relate to both data and voice-wise.
So it's really a way to check all basic systems
and, uh, develop procedures,
& apos; Cause if it doesn't work in the simulator, they won't work real.
My nickname for sim people
those who come out to catch us.
They just keep throwing problems at you all the time.
And they try to push us to our limits and see where we are going.
We are almost half way through landing simulations...
and we get this program alarm on the computer.
1201, 1202, you know, uh,
and everyone wonders, "Is that 1201, 1202?"
Program alarms are the way computers tell us,
"You ask me to do too much".
I mean, we are very unfamiliar with that, at least for me.
I call my back room,
Jack Garman is an expert on computer programs, and he doesn't know.
So I said, "Flight, something is happening. I don't know what. Abortion".
At Mission Control, when we wrote the Rules of Mission,
You need two signs to cancel the call.
And that's when we started debriefing,
the simulation supervisor goes in and says,
"Well, you have one sign, what's the second?"
And there is total silence in the room.
After the debriefing is finished,
Gene said, I want you to gather the team
and you tell me which alarm you will use continue and which is not.
So I said, Jack, you're interesting with MIT,
the people who built this computer, and anyone you can,
come up with a list, brief me about that,
and that is what we will write as a rule.
And that's what Jack did.
The tower dreaming of Cape Kennedy, launches a cushion for noble ideals.
Collins, Armstrong and Aldrin,
three people chosen for humanity's most historic mission,
to reach a new world and return with a handful of dust.
Scientists are not too happy
that we don't do everything they want to do,
and I have told them,
Look, I won't listen again to the things you want to do.
I say, "We will go to the moon".
We will land on the moon,
we will get our butt from the moon as fast as we can,
and still taking some samples,
and make sure the spacecraft is ready to go, and we will be back
because we want to prove to ourselves
that all the things we think of
fly there and return right and done well.
It's time for Apollo 11.
There are many emotions in the Control Center.
The team feels comfortable.
The team feels satisfied that we have done everything
we know how to do it,
to ensure that this is as safe as we can make it.
We have a security guard.
This person here is excitement,
and he appears and says, So we will land today, Mr.Kranz,
and suddenly, it's different.
The room has started to fill up,
not only in Mission Control, the controller on the shift is on duty,
but also, there are visitors who see rooms
and it fills with every NASA manager
that has anything to do with Apollo.
I'm very worried, you know. This is a big problem.
So I really focus on that and really excited, actually.
This means today is a day, you know, we will do this.
Everything is on the right track.
We are in front of the Flight Plan just below the line.
We have a private conference loop
which can only be accessed by people in the control room.
The outside world can't hear it, the managers can't hear it.
He just talked with us.
And basically I show
I believe we were born today,
we are destined to be here.
We are doing a great job to prepare for this mission.
And then I say, "I will stand behind every decision you will make".
We enter this room as a team and we will depart as a team.
I can remember this day and also if it was seconds ago.
I remember words, I remember what he said,
and that makes all the difference in the world.
And then I say, uh, GC, go to war,
and he rises and locks the control room door,
and these doors will not be reopened until we have landed, fallen, or canceled.
This is Apollo Control
at 102 hours, 12 minutes to Apollo 11. Flight We are now two minutes 53 seconds from reacquiring the spaceship.
Twenty one minutes, 23 seconds
from the start of a powerful landing to the surface of the moon.
Good control with a burning attitude.
Rog.
This is the month and this is the orbit you entered.
And here you do PDI, Powered Descent Initiation.
And Kranz goes to every position, "Do you go or not leave?"
You have to "go away" or we won't start burning it.
Okay, Retro? Go.
Fido? Go.
Guide? Go!
Control? Go.
Telcom? Go.
GNC? Go.
EECOM? Surgeon? Go.
CAPCOM we continue with PDI.
The main challenge is,
"Do I have enough information once we start going down?"
And we have to update computer knowledge
height above the surface of the moon.
Okay, we got the data again.
Radar, Flight, looks good.
Rog.
Good news.
Landing radar catches at 39,000 feet.
I think my big problem for that day is over.
Unfortunately, just started.
Get ready.
1202. Oh, my goodness, one of the codes that we have during the sim.
It's like... sim isn't exactly like that, but it's close,
and I frantically tried to remember which code it was.
Well, when it comes, I think we die in the water.
Yes, the same thing we have.
We get information that is said to be 1202,
but I'm still trying to remember,
and Jack Garman shouted, "Steve, is in our little list!"
And I finally... when I see my list,
he was about a few seconds before me and I said...
We continue that, Flight.
We leave the alarm?
If it doesn't happen again, we will leave.
And that takes us all 20 seconds maybe,
but it's a lifetime in the midst of powerful breeds.
Bales knows it's still flying machines,
and we still go.
Delta H looks good now.
Okay, all flight controllers, just wait.
Must immediately reduce speed.
Okay, all flight controllers, go / do not go for landings.
Retro? Go.
Fido? Guidance? Go. Go.
Control? Go.
Telcom? Go.
GNC? EECOM? Go. Go.
CAPCOM, we go to land.
The same type. We Go, Fly.
Okay, we go.
And then, when he is pitched,
there is a big rock in there, and he can't land.
There is a crater there, there is a big rock there.
Someone said Armstrong's thoughts he only got a 50-50 chance
they will land or have to cancel it.
And I think he might be the coolest hand out there that day,
and he thinks about this one hundred times or more, in terms of landing.
He must level up,
then he must fly horizontally to pass through this stone block field.
Well, it needs a lot of extra gas.
As we continue to go down, low-level sensors stumble,
and say if fuel falls below this point...
Low level. Low level.
Now we are almost out of gas.
Critical fuel.
I start the stopwatch.
We are in one of the floating lunar G,
and I know how fast to use fuel,
and I know how many seconds are left.
I give a run, uh, comment for Mission Control,
and Deke Slayton sat on my right.
He is Director of Flight Crew Operations,
and he hit me next to
and say, "Shut up, Charlie, let them land".
I think we better keep quiet now.
Okay, the only call out of now is fuel.
Okay, Bob, I will stand up for your call right out.
At my stopwatch,
I put Scotch's small masking tape and said,
Okay, at this point now, we will have 60 seconds left.
And a little further, we have 30 seconds left.
And a little further, we get zero.
We arrange for astronauts to know
when you reach a certain point,
whether he will land or he will cancel it.
I am sure that in 100 feet a month,
I will be called "cancel", he will continue his descendants.
Sixty. Sixty seconds.
And the control room is quiet.
It feels like everyone just glued to their console and held their breath.
10 or the last 12 seconds the landing is very tense.
You know, will we do this or not?
And I see the height
and I think we will not succeed.
There is no way. There is too much altitude for us to fall,
but I don't know we are in the crater.
And when they get to the lip of the crater,
You only came here,
and I show this height.
When they come in the highlands, bam,
it does a step jump.
And shortly after, Buzz said, "I saw dust".
Ah, that is a sigh of relief.
Lowering legs. Two and a half.
Take some dust.
Three legs.
Two and a half down. Great saddle.
Four advanced.
Move a little right.
Thirty-one and a half seconds.
30 seconds.
Contact light.
OK, the engine stops.
ACA exits offspring.
Prepare to close.
We landed with 18 seconds left
on the stopwatch.
We copy you, Eagle.
Okay, prepare for T1.
Tranquility Base here, "The Eagle has landed".
Roger, Tranquility. We copy you on the ground.
You have many people who will turn blue.
We breathe again. Thank you very much.
Thank you.
You look good here.
Okay, we will be busy for a while.
Then we finally realized,
You know, we just landed on the moon.
And we don't talk about it landing at the airport or something here.
We talk about landing on the moon.
Okay, save the chat in this room.
Everyone claps behind us in the control room,
but we have to stay focused.
Is it safe to stay here for the next two minutes, yes or no?
Will the spaceship reverse, fall?
Are we in the crater? Do we slide down?
So we have various questions that we must answer.
Okay, T1. Stay / without staying. Retro?
Stay. Fido?
Stay. Guidance?
I remember Kranz walking around "staying / not staying".
Of course you can't say "Go / no-go".
You have said "stay / not-stay", and so we say "keep". Everyone says "keep".
Right after this, stay last / without staying,
someone clutches my shoulder.
And I looked up and I said, "Oh my God."
Chris Kraft is also responsible for the software,
computer software,
manage it before the first Apollo flight.
And he knows what can happen.
He knows the rules well,
and yes, that's really... that's really something.
To finally get there and there is...
First time, you know, in history
human race,
that anyone has done something like that.
And it's like, the team delivered this.
Very impressive.
This is the first, most recent
testing team in Mission Control
and the culture established there.
And finally, we make shift changes,
and I stopped to take something to eat,
breakfast.
And when I enter, I buy a newspaper.
Well, the paper is about three inches thick.
I still happen to have the newspaper.
And, uh, I'm sitting at the counter
and I ordered my scrambled egg, and I drank my coffee,
and I see all this, we have landed on the moon, everything.
Two people enter and sit next to me,
and one of them said to the others, he said,
"You know, I landed in Normandy on D-day".
And I listen,
then he said,
I have never been proud of being an American than yesterday.
We land on the moon.
It then hit me what we had done.
Men who have been chosen tonight
to receive this group's achievement award
for all 400,000 people who, in one way or another,
has contributed to success this program is a young man.
Steve Bales, when the computer seems confused
and when he can say "stop",
or when he can say "wait", say "leave".
Thank you, Mr. President.
Apollo 12...
starts like any other mission.
The countdown for Apollo 12 is still ongoing.
The project officer still keeps it eyes near the weather
who has moved to the area faster than expected earlier this morning.
I received an aviation awareness award.
So I have to go down to watch the launch.
T-minus 20.
I sit there under the rain,
three miles away.
We have internal guidelines.
Ten, nine, eight... The ignition sequence starts.
Six, five, four, three, two, one, zero.
All machines run. Commencement of takeoff.
We have an elevatoroff at 11:22. Eastern Standard Time.
Saturn V is a powerful vehicle,
and once the lights are turned off, you can feel your clothes throb.
clear tower.
I feel quite spunky.
You know, this is my first time as the main flight director,
a launch flight director, you know.
Pete Conrad reports roll and pitch
to put Apollo 12 on the right track.
Thirty seconds or more in flight...
Roger, Pete.
I saw two light graffiti on each side of the vehicle.
Wow, the crew come alive.
All data is empty.
All my console lights, I mean, only light up
like a Christmas tree.
And I pay attention to John. John just sits there.
I don't remember him talking to the back room.
The thoughts that I have first are,
I will be the first person to cancel it.
I see my data...
And he just stares at the data and looks at the data...
I say, "John", I say, "Talk to the back room",
and John ignores me.
And suddenly,
there are several patterns and items on the screen.
At first I wasn't sure what it was.
but then, then I say, you know, I think, I have seen this.
Bang, I've seen this before.
And it turns out he has seen what the data looks like later
from the land test he remembered.
And that's when it's clicked.
Signal Conditioning Equipment, SCE.
And then John Aaron said, "Flight, tell them to go SCE to AUX".
And Jerry Carr said, "What?"
What is that? "
John came over the two of us and said,
" Signal Conditioning Equipment for Auxiliary ".
He went to the spaceship.
Al Bean knew where the switch was.
He reaches out, he flips it,
and once he does, voila, we have everything back.
We get it back, Flight, looks good.
Good.
Now, the SCE goes to AUX fixes the problem.
SCE to AUX is that allows me to get the data back.
But one thing that I keep watching
is the path, we have on the big screen in front.
That's right.
And that's when I told Gerry, I said,
Look don't put yourself under so much pressure.
We don't have to go to the moon today.
We can only do a few tests, and all three
will go home, and go later.
And what he really said was, "Your call", you know.
I say, "Okay, this is your job.
You know, that's what you know better than me,
how to do it. hammer,
or the pressure to make a bad decision,
so you make good...
and I will accept it. Okay, so we... let's go for TLI.
So here we go.
And, you know, the mission after that
one of the cleanest we have ever had.
And we have a party, I remember that.
After spraying,
we will go to & apos; The Singing Wheel & apos; and all drink beer together.
We will party and have fun.
Splashdown is, uh,
lots of jokes both back and forth with other disciplines.
Like, you know, "Wow, you really messed up this one today".
That eyeball goes to the eyeball, points the finger and shakes each other.
You don't pull a punch, but everyone is a friend.
There is no doubt about that.
I mean, we're all together.
Drink lots of beer.
It was really a great time.
Make us a better team for that, I think.
I arrived at the Control Center
and I was scheduled to move one hour later.
Uh, everything seems to work well.
Usually, the last hour of the eight hour shift,
we will prepare the crew for their sleep period.
And there are certain things that are we are on the checklist that must be done.
One item is stirring cryos, oxygen and hydrogen.
Start EECOM.
Please, COM.
You got your stir now on O2?
So we move cryos.
And all hell breaks out.
What's with the data, EECOM?
We have more problems.
Okay, listen, listen, you guys We have lost, uh, one fuel cell and two pressures.
We lose the pressure of 2 O2 tanks.
GNC, do you want to see it?
Good. Be alert, they have a problem.
Basically, I have a lot of problems reported to me.
I wonder which one he is talking about.
I enter and re-install it.
Sit next to Gene.
The first reaction is, well, see maybe we have an electrical problem here
and that affects telemetry and instrumentation.
You see an undervolt AC bus there, EECOM?
Negative, Flight.
We may have instrumentation problems, Flight.
Rog.
I say,
I think we already have flight instrumentation problems and that is probably the most underestimated
in the history of manned space flight.
I mean, I can't be more wrong.
Well, let's get some recommendations here, Sy,
if you have a better idea.
Naturally, I'm a little panicked.
You know, when you start to panic, this gap appears in your throat
where you get to the point of a fight or flight,
and a quick thought to wake up and go back and forth through my mind,
and of course, that's not an option and I know that.
Can we review our status here, Sy,
and see what we get from a status standpoint?
Do you think what we have on the spaceship is good?
Stand by, Flight.
So, and then when I settle down,
I say,
You know, it really appeared we were completely gone two fuel cells and I really don't know why.
We don't know what happened.
Not until I look out the window...
that I realize how serious we are.
When I see oxygen being released,
I realize it's not just oxygen
but electric power and propulsion system.
It starts at dawn at the Control Center
that maybe this is a real problem we get here and, uh, it won't disappear.
Uh, Flight, we will reach 100 PSI
in and hour and 54 minutes.
That was finally there.
And that's where, basically, my mindset turns into a survival mode.
I call my controller and say,
Okay, all flight controllers, stay, stop guessing you.
Let's start working on this problem.
Okay, now, let's keep everything calm.
Let's make sure that we don't do anything
it will blow up our electricity with batteries
or that will cause us to lose fuel cell number two.
We have a command module system,
so we are in good condition if we need to go home.
Let's solve the problem but don't make it worse by guessing.
This is a bulletin from ABC News.
Apollo 13 spacecraft has serious power supply malfunctions
which can cause the lunar landing mission to be stopped early.
You know, we all go in
to do what we can help.
People come from anywhere, across the country.
When I arrived there, of course, I went to the back room, it was chaos.
They are still trying to recover their sanity from what has happened,
and they start to regroup.
I didn't use a headset at first.
I just walked behind the console
and listen to it by way of voice, what problems they do.
That damn room is seriously confused.
And it takes a while to come that conclusion, but it's true.
That failure, long enough during that time period,
may not be an option,
but out there lurking, uh, in the dark sky.
That's just... it almost makes us make mistakes.
They slowly lose electrical power,
and it won't be long until all the fuel cells are offline, so now we are using batteries.
I walk and sit next to EECOM.
Sy Liebergot, he was there, I said,
Sy, this problem, you will not fix this one.
So I said, "You have to turn off the Command Module".
And you can imagine the reluctance to do that.
Flight, EECOM.
Please, EECOM.
The pressure in the O2 1 tank drops to 297.
We better think about going into LM, or using an LM system.
We are in serious, serious problems,
and the only way we can save ourselves
is using the Lunar Module.
Usually, when you go to the moon,
You can turn and burn a large engine straight to Earth and back.
However, the big engine has a big problem there and we don't know how bad it is.
We really can do big burns
with a descent machine at the Lunar Module.
There is no longer to go around the moon.
So my input is let's go back for free.
This is Apollo Control, Houston,
here at Mission Control, we are looking for... now looking towards alternative missions.
Swinging around the moon and using the Lunar Module power system,
because of the situation that has developed here tonight.
I have to maneuver to get back to attitude
the Mission Control knows.
And there I learned something very important,
because the Lunar Module has never been designed
to maneuver with the Command Service Module
attached.
So I really have to learn, in a short time,
how to maneuver a spaceship,
but I have that technique, firing the Lunar Module engine,
and that returns us to the free return path.
We are about 70 hours from home,
and we have plans to carry out the rest of the mission,
but there will be no relaxation at all
so far, from now until splash.
I don't appreciate how many reactions we get
from the outside world.
It doesn't sink to me until later how everyone seems to feel connected
with these three people.
Uh, you know, they aren't even
get to know them, don't know their names or anything,
but the whole world seems to unite
in this interesting to come well.
The situation is very critical
and we monitor it at any time.
We will return with another report at 12.30
and then you can see a complete analysis what happened at 1:00.
We all smoke.
And when I say smoking, we actually smoke.
When you enter the Control Room, you come at the side door,
and when you open the door,
smoke clouds coming out of the door.
That's how much smoke there is.
Apollo 13 issues some very interesting things
because it's not like you were cleaned and dressed to come to work
and wear your clothes and your shirt
and brush your teeth, and use your armpit deodorant,
You run, right.
We were there for 35 hours... straight.
I think I wear the same clothes at least three or four, five days.
I sleep in SSR on the floor.
I was under the table at that time.
That's quite mature.
Sleep doesn't mean anything, shift changes don't mean anything,
personal problems don't mean anything.
There is only one thing for 48 hours...
that whole team of people, led by Mission Control,
those people cannot solve their problems in space.
There is only one thing on their mind,
to bring them home.
We have been trained to think,
Never give up as long as you have a choice.
And we never run out of choices.
The team doesn't stop.
Along the way back, people continue to create new things,
new innovations and new ways to do things.
This question has this extraordinary ability
basically makes sense from things
which is almost beyond our understanding,
and find the section where we can start
match them together
and start pulling back on this puzzle.
I can see Earth starting o getting bigger and bigger,
realize that we must have instructions
the best way to turn on the Command Module.
So I kept asking, very politely at that time,
"Do you have that instruction?"
And they said, "We are working on it, we are working on it".
Original power-up document
starting with John Aaron and me on the board.
We kinda draw a few things on the board, some rough ideas,
that is the beginning of the document.
Basically I know what equipment you have to do certain functions.
It then starts the whole process
how to build all the details of the switches and circuit breakers,
what order should you do in this case,
and it's all very solid.
From there it just started to grow,
and people will begin to enter their share of their territory, their territory.
And one organization wants this.
Well, it must go back to the document,
and actually through John and I say,
"Hey, can we do that wisely?"
And we do all the bugs, all procedures,
and the last document, of course, then approved and read by the crew.
Tomorrow morning, East time,
Spacecraft will approach Earth like this.
This is how it looks now.
About five hours before reaching the Earth's atmosphere,
the people in the Command Module will throw this part here
is called Command... Service Module,
and it will drift in space.
That will leave two parts of this spaceship,
LM here and Command Module here.
I don't remember saying, "Hey, guys, we've done it",
because we haven't, okay.
There are still many variables involved
that, you know, I just hope what we do is right.
We don't know whether the explosion , which we now know has happened,
what is the overall effect on the Command Module.
We don't know whether the heat shield has been damaged or anything,
and have everything we have done to save the crew who will work.
Well, on all flights back,
we have what we call "blackouts".
There are periods where they die
because of ionization, heat.
And you can't communicate through it.
So they can't talk to you and you can't talk to them.
At this stage in the space program,
we can calculate when the blackout will start and when it will end in a second,
and we never miss it.
Well, in this case, it starts on time,
and then when the time comes to get out,
uh, that doesn't happen.
You know I started thinking, "Oh, my God", you know,
here we have done all these things to bring them back home,
and, uh, something happened to the heat shield.
The mind passes my mind at that moment, "They go".
There are concerns related to the management chain there
buzzing around that we might have broken
heat shield or all that sort of thing,
and that's to the point where I just...
And I think this is true for every controller.
You throw your mind out of those things You have no control over.
Don't worry about them, that's a game break.
Then, yes.
So we sat there and we sat there and we sat there,
and I forget how long it's actually been too late.
CAPCOM, why don't you try and give them a call?
And suddenly, we got news from a short range plane
that ARIA has acquired a signal.
Bang!
We almost all fell from our seats.
Suddenly, it comes alive.
And then the mother ship reports radar contact.
then they report a sonic explosion and we say,
"Boys, we reenter the sucker".
The crew is talking.
Relieve, uh, that they're fine.
And then after we get contact, we hear from them,
it goes to pure joy.
And there is a display of this television camera
look at the spaceship
from the deck of the aircraft carrier,
and there are three old big balloons.
You know, the most beautiful sight I've ever seen.
The key is until the crew is on the deck of the carrier
and we submit the responsibility of Mission Control
to the commander of the aircraft carrier task force,
and when it's finished,
then we can start our celebration.
Here they are.
James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise.
And celebrations are always in three phases.
We turn on ceremonial ceremon,
You pass the object on along the line.
And now you open the Control Room door
and our back room controller can enter and join us.
They are true heroes of 13
because they are the ones who give... They are the people who gave us answers.
And the third phase in celebration
fainting the American flag to each controller,
and this is one that Jerry Bostick has traditionally started,
back when we set our first space flight record as an American
and bring together two spaceships.
So the end of the mission is, is one of total fatigue,
total achievement, total excitement...
yes, our crew is at home.
They are safe and we do what we do.
After a flight, in discussions with control people,
I say,
Well, we thought we deliberately didn't talk to you... so it might be a good movie these days.
Three, two, one, ignition.
We are on our way, Houston.
After the fire of Apollo 1,
"tough and competent" to be spells from the flight control team.
They are still the core of the principles and the foundation we live in.
Uh, I don't think it's reduced at all.
Guys, you can start opening your cuff checklist to page seven.
We are in the case of termination.
Our top priority is always
crew safety, vehicle safety, mission success.
And that doesn't change,
but what is called "mission success" means changing from time to time.
Those people who fly the initial mission,
they set standards.
They go through fire for us,
um, and we try to live up to, excellence
they show every day.
It's amazing.
I think it's amazing that we are not only able to do it technically,
but the country let us do it,
public and congress and leadership and the White House.
Everything collides and marches properly.
I have a feeling of what it means,
You know, we are making history.
I think we all do it.
And realizing that, there is a sense of pride in what we do,
and a feeling of great gratitude I happened to stumble into it at the right time.
That is only a golden opportunity to be part of it.
Somehow, when we get together,
we are bigger than our number.
We become capable
do what, in many cases, will be considered impossible.
We are better than we expected.
We are more successful than we expected.
And really, except bad accidents
on the launch pad,
we bring every house crew.
We are astronauts,
we always tip the arrow,
but Mission Control like feathers.
They direct us in the right direction.
They make sure we will get it where do we want to go
and go home safely.
I am only proud of the people involved.
They never let me down.
They never disappoint the system, they never disappoint NASA,
they never let the country fall.
And if you are looking for patriots, they are them.
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