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I am always interested in the wonders of the ocean.

3
00:02:00,078 --> 00:02:02,872
It feels like time is slowing down.

4
00:02:10,713 --> 00:02:14,425
Most people look into space
in wonder.
5d
00: 02: 19,597 -> 00: 02: 24,060
However, we have an almost foreign world on our own planet...

5
00:02:24,686 --> 00:02:26,896
Which is full of life.

6
00:02:36,114 --> 00:02:39,200
But that's the world most people
never explore.

7
00:02:51,796 --> 00:02:54,674
Richard Vevers is documenting
ocean of coral reefs

8
00:02:54,757 --> 00:02:57,093
in the same way
Google maps the streets.

9
00:02:57,176 --> 00:02:59,804
... take a nap with 360 degree images

10
00:02:59,888 --> 00:03:01,222
Every three seconds.

11
00:03:01,472 --> 00:03:03,892
This is the 21st country that we have completed  as part of a global survey
on coral reefs.

12
00:03:03,975 --> 00:03:06,269
Hidden beneath the surface of
world oceans,

13
00:03:06,352 --> 00:03:08,646
spectacular coral gardens.

14
00:03:08,730 --> 00:03:10,523
Coral reefs are places where
the seafood we eat starts its life.

15
00:03:11,024 --> 00:03:14,527
Coral reefs are a source of food and income for more than 500 million people.

16
00:03:14,611 --> 00:03:20,408
It's really about trying
to communicate with science,

17
00:03:20,491 --> 00:03:23,536
as much as doing the science itself.

18
00:03:23,620 --> 00:03:24,996
To invite people on the way.

19
00:03:26,581 --> 00:03:28,374


20
00:03:28,458 --> 00:03:30,251
... extraordinary journey under the sea,

21
00:03:30,335 --> 00:03:33,504
can be the closest
of our arrival

22
00:03:33,588 --> 00:03:34,756
to see exotic underwater sites.

23
00:03:34,839 --> 00:03:38,551
Give someone a chance with
internet access to dive virtually

24
00:03:38,635 --> 00:03:40,637
on many survey sites.

25
00:04:30,353 --> 00:04:31,938
I used to be an advertising man.

26
00:04:33,690 --> 00:04:35,942
I spent ten years
in the field of advertising,

27
00:04:36,025 --> 00:04:38,361
works in some of the top London agents.

28
00:04:39,028 --> 00:04:42,282
Over time, you realize
You have experienced this conversation...

29
00:04:42,740 --> 00:04:45,868
toilet rolls,
and this is a heated debate.

30
00:04:45,952 --> 00:04:48,997
And it's about selling
four-layer toilet paper

31
00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:50,206
not three-tier.

32
00:04:50,290 --> 00:04:52,250
And you go...

33
00:04:52,750 --> 00:04:55,753
"I'm sure there's something better
that I can do with my life."

34
00:05:03,177 --> 00:05:06,097
I've been diving since I was 16 years old.

35
00:05:08,182 --> 00:05:10,810
I used to go looking for this thin sea dragon,

36
00:05:10,893 --> 00:05:12,312
this amazing animal.

37
00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:17,233
It's like a sea horse, but this dragon
has a length of about one foot...

38
00:05:18,693 --> 00:05:20,778
most people don't know where they are.

39
00:05:22,947 --> 00:05:26,743
But then, one year,
they all disappear

40
00:05:26,826 --> 00:05:28,244
of all my favorite sites.

41
00:05:29,370 --> 00:05:32,206
You know, this is one of my favorite creatures in the world.

42
00:05:33,583 --> 00:05:36,794
And you go, "Okay, if that happens
to one of my favorite creatures,

43
00:05:36,878 --> 00:05:38,379
What else will happen? ",

44
00:05:41,174 --> 00:05:42,550
And that's when I realize

45
00:05:42,633 --> 00:05:44,802
one of the biggest problems of the ocean is

46
00:05:44,886 --> 00:05:47,972
Really invisible
and out of mind,

47
00:05:48,056 --> 00:05:50,433
and that, essentially,
there are advertising problems.

48
00:05:52,810 --> 00:05:56,689
You know, when you look at our planet,
the unique known in the universe

49
00:05:56,773 --> 00:05:59,817
because we have oceans
that is the source of life.

50
00:05:59,901 --> 00:06:01,569
And the oceans control everything.  Controlling climate.

51
00:06:01,944 --> 00:06:03,279
Controlling the oxygen we breathe.

52
00:06:03,362 --> 00:06:04,655
Without a healthy ocean,
we don't have a healthy planet.

53
00:06:04,739 --> 00:06:06,741
How do you
communicate this problem?

54
00:06:07,742 --> 00:06:11,454


55
00:06:12,121 --> 00:06:14,582


56
00:06:17,960 --> 00:06:21,214
This project is called
XL Catlin Seaview Survey.

57
00:06:22,215 --> 00:06:25,593
What we want to do is
express the ocean to the whole world.

58
00:06:27,178 --> 00:06:29,347
People are involved with images,

59
00:06:29,430 --> 00:06:31,015
they go for virtual dives,

60
00:06:31,099 --> 00:06:33,476
but they don't understand
that there is a problem.

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00:06:34,519 --> 00:06:37,230
So, we have to really return
to the drawing board...

62
00:06:38,147 --> 00:06:41,442
and I think that
is a surprising realization

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00:06:41,526 --> 00:06:43,653
that we are only at the beginning of the trip.

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00:06:46,906 --> 00:06:49,700
Okay, this will be behind,
on the back reef.

65
00:06:49,784 --> 00:06:52,578
- So what year is this?
- This is 1975.

66
00:06:52,662 --> 00:06:53,746
- Yes
- OK?

67
00:06:53,830 --> 00:06:55,123
- Yes
- The whole area is back here

68
00:06:55,206 --> 00:06:58,584
- which is only thick with Acropora palmata.
- Correct.

69
00:06:58,918 --> 00:07:01,129
- Karang Elkhorn.
- And how much is left?

70
00:07:03,131 --> 00:07:04,382
0.1%.

71
00:07:04,715 --> 00:07:05,550
Whoa.

72
00:07:05,967 --> 00:07:07,468
Something like that. You will see.

73
00:07:07,552 --> 00:07:08,553
- Yeah.
- We will see.

74
00:07:42,086 --> 00:07:44,046
So, you want to know what we are seeing.

75
00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:47,967
These are all dead coral plains.

76
00:07:48,050 --> 00:07:50,303
These are all dead elkhorn corals.

77
00:07:52,305 --> 00:07:56,058
You can see all the frames in place,
but there is no one alive.

78
00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:02,899
So, this is what looks like
in 1971.

79
00:08:05,651 --> 00:08:07,737
This is all covered with
with live rocks.

80
00:08:10,490 --> 00:08:11,657
This is very typical.

81
00:08:11,741 --> 00:08:13,659
Very - very typical Florida.

82
00:08:14,243 --> 00:08:17,121
And 50 years ago, that didn't happen,

83
00:08:17,205 --> 00:08:18,956
30 years ago, that didn't happen.

84
00:08:19,832 --> 00:08:20,750
All of that, missing

85
00:08:24,629 --> 00:08:30,051
Phil told me that we had lost 80 to 90% of the coral in Florida.

86
00:08:31,427 --> 00:08:36,182
I did not expect
that these issues were very rapid.

87
00:08:54,033 --> 00:08:56,577
- I think maybe this one.
- Yes.

88
00:08:56,661 --> 00:08:59,080
- Morning. I'm Richard.
- Jim Porter. Nice to meet you.

89
00:08:59,163 --> 00:09:00,331
Nice to meet you

90
00:09:00,414 --> 00:09:01,916
Thank you very much for coming here.

91
00:09:01,999 --> 00:09:05,002
So, everything I show here...

92
00:09:05,586 --> 00:09:09,423
um, from 1976.

93
00:09:10,007 --> 00:09:12,718
- This is Discovery Bay, Jamaica.
- Yep.

94
00:09:13,177 --> 00:09:16,514
And that's how it looks.

95
00:09:16,597 --> 00:09:19,058
- And what looks like this now.
- Correct.

96
00:09:19,225 --> 00:09:22,061
This survey is silent without results.

97
00:09:22,436 --> 00:09:26,524
Only small pieces,
but not the whole story.

98
00:09:27,191 --> 00:09:30,945
The picture is designed
for scientific purposes.

99
00:09:31,028 --> 00:09:34,907
This doesn't catch you instantly
without explanation.

100
00:09:35,658 --> 00:09:37,243
This is the loss we have.

101
00:09:38,119 --> 00:09:39,787
- This is the way.
- Yes.

102
00:09:40,246 --> 00:09:43,499
I started to love my career
in a place...

103
00:09:44,584 --> 00:09:47,587
and those places have been reduced.

104
00:09:48,129 --> 00:09:52,425
Seeing the missing is very powerful.

105
00:09:54,051 --> 00:09:57,263
Many scientists I've met
really depressed

106
00:09:57,346 --> 00:09:58,180
regarding this problem.

107
00:09:59,140 --> 00:10:03,644
Even though I have
ten years of experience in advertising,

108
00:10:03,728 --> 00:10:06,188
When you believe
any problem can be overcome

109
00:10:06,272 --> 00:10:08,649
in a short time with the funny thing.

110
00:10:08,816 --> 00:10:11,319
You have to do a little
creative thinking.

111
00:10:16,574 --> 00:10:18,868
- That's great. Fun. thanks.
-Thank you.

112
00:10:19,201 --> 00:10:21,912
Excuse me. Do you know where Ruth is?
Ruth Gates?

113
00:10:22,538 --> 00:10:25,458
Um, and class here.
All the screens go up.

114
00:10:26,042 --> 00:10:27,335
We will enter and look around.

115
00:10:36,302 --> 00:10:37,428
Oh wow.

116
00:10:38,763 --> 00:10:40,139
- Wow.
- Is it cool?

117
00:10:40,222 --> 00:10:41,057
Extraordinary.

118
00:10:43,267 --> 00:10:44,268
Wow.

119
00:10:44,977 --> 00:10:47,313
- Okay, um...
- Hahaha

120
00:10:48,105 --> 00:10:50,024
This is the fact that he is moving.

121
00:10:50,524 --> 00:10:52,443
- Isn't that amazing?
- Yeah.

122
00:10:52,526 --> 00:10:54,654
Twenty-five years
I have worked on rock,

123
00:10:54,737 --> 00:10:56,947
I can look under the microscope
and go, "Bloody hell"?

124
00:10:57,031 --> 00:10:58,824
- I know, that's...
- Hahaha

125
00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,036
My understanding is an animal, this is an animal.

126
00:11:02,119 --> 00:11:03,412
- Yeah.
- Are they the same animals?

127
00:11:03,496 --> 00:11:05,373
- They are.
- But, um...

128
00:11:05,456 --> 00:11:07,083
I know they are identical animals...

129
00:11:07,166 --> 00:11:08,834
- Yeah.
-... but are they the same?

130
00:11:08,918 --> 00:11:10,294
- They are.
- So, they...

131
00:11:10,961 --> 00:11:12,755
- They are one animal. I.
- Yep.

132
00:11:12,838 --> 00:11:13,964
This is one animal.

133
00:11:14,048 --> 00:11:16,092
Okay, but they are not considered...

134
00:11:17,093 --> 00:11:18,803
I think polyps are animals...

135
00:11:20,304 --> 00:11:23,766
not, corals are animals
with lots of polyps.

136
00:11:24,100 --> 00:11:26,852
- Does that make sense?
- Corals are animals with lots of polyps.

137
00:11:27,812 --> 00:11:29,355
But polyps aren't animals?

138
00:11:30,648 --> 00:11:32,817
Yes... polyps are part of animals.

139
00:11:33,192 --> 00:11:35,820
Right. Because this is
No one has ever explained...

140
00:11:36,237 --> 00:11:38,030
- What is coral?
- Your admiration is,

141
00:11:38,114 --> 00:11:39,448
why don't you know that?

142
00:11:39,532 --> 00:11:41,450
- Why don't I know that?
- I'm stunned.

143
00:11:41,534 --> 00:11:43,369
- And that is...
- You're a smart person.

144
00:11:43,744 --> 00:11:45,663
What's wrong with you? Ha ha ha.

145
00:11:48,916 --> 00:11:53,129
I'm really overwhelmed sometimes,
under water, rocked.

146
00:11:53,379 --> 00:11:56,632
Because I don't believe
that this structure

147
00:11:56,715 --> 00:11:58,801
is like
created by this simple organism,

148
00:11:58,884 --> 00:12:00,386
or "seemingly" simple organisms.

149
00:12:00,469 --> 00:12:04,265
I really respect the rock,
because I think they have made us all deceived.

150
00:12:04,348 --> 00:12:07,518
Simplicity outside
does not mean simplicity inside.

151
00:12:07,893 --> 00:12:11,063
We think we really evolve
because we are very complex creatures.

152
00:12:11,147 --> 00:12:13,441
We can do many things.
We have the opposite thumb.

153
00:12:14,108 --> 00:12:18,070
But the rocks... they have decided,
"Forget external complexity.

154
00:12:18,154 --> 00:12:21,991
Let it be truly sophisticated
in a calm way."

155
00:12:23,325 --> 00:12:26,078
Individual corals are actually made

156
00:12:26,162 --> 00:12:30,791
of thousands of small structures
called polyps.

157
00:12:32,126 --> 00:12:35,921
Every polyp is a circular mouth...

158
00:12:36,505 --> 00:12:38,799
which is surrounded by tentacles...

159
00:12:39,550 --> 00:12:43,053
and they can join
into millions of them

160
00:12:43,137 --> 00:12:44,597
crossing one animal.

161
00:12:45,764 --> 00:12:49,894
They have it, in their tissues,
small plants,

162
00:12:49,977 --> 00:12:51,353
this microalgae...

163
00:12:51,812 --> 00:12:53,689
one million per centimeter squared.

164
00:12:54,690 --> 00:12:58,194
Plants that live in it
photosynthesis,

165
00:12:58,277 --> 00:13:00,488
and animals use it for their food.

166
00:13:01,113 --> 00:13:04,492
They basically have food factories that live inside themselves.

167
00:13:05,367 --> 00:13:07,077
So, when animals grow,

168
00:13:07,161 --> 00:13:11,916
What you see is that the animal grows
above the skeleton

169
00:13:11,999 --> 00:13:14,001
and save the frame below it.

170
00:13:22,468 --> 00:13:24,595
They photosynthesize during the day.

171
00:13:25,012 --> 00:13:26,055
At night...

172
00:13:26,430 --> 00:13:29,808
plants really fall asleep
and the animal becomes active.

173
00:13:29,892 --> 00:13:32,144
They expand their polyps.

174
00:13:32,228 --> 00:13:33,854
tentacles come out.

175
00:13:33,938 --> 00:13:37,525
And now whatever
swim will be caught

176
00:13:37,608 --> 00:13:40,986
by these stinging cells
which are at the end of the tentacles.

177
00:13:42,947 --> 00:13:46,158
There are many different species
from rocks,

178
00:13:46,242 --> 00:13:50,454
and various types of rocks
have different shapes.

179
00:13:50,538 --> 00:13:54,166
Some are very boring to see.
They look like boulders at the bottom.

180
00:13:54,250 --> 00:13:56,168
Some are very beautiful to see.

181
00:13:56,252 --> 00:14:00,798
They have large
and large branching patterns, or large plates.

182
00:14:01,757 --> 00:14:04,260
Some of them
look like flower petals.

183
00:14:06,637 --> 00:14:09,139
This is a basic species.

184
00:14:09,640 --> 00:14:12,226
They have all the other organisms that depend on it.

185
00:14:12,768 --> 00:14:15,062
They are reasons why we have coral reefs.

186
00:14:16,105 --> 00:14:19,984
A consortium of
organisms that work together...

187
00:14:21,694 --> 00:14:24,530
which now manifests
in this massive structure

188
00:14:24,613 --> 00:14:26,407
it can be seen from space.

189
00:14:38,836 --> 00:14:42,923
There are famous coral reefs
in American Samoa called Airport Reef.

190
00:14:43,465 --> 00:14:48,053
We heard that there was an area
where the coral turned white.

191
00:14:49,388 --> 00:14:52,391
Because we
have previously conducted surveys...

192
00:14:52,850 --> 00:14:55,728
we want to go back
and take the same picture again.

193
00:15:09,199 --> 00:15:11,660
I was really surprised
with what I saw.

194
00:15:12,995 --> 00:15:15,706
The coral is white
as far as the eye can see.

195
00:15:18,042 --> 00:15:21,712
To be honest, I don't know
to know how to process it.

196
00:15:22,796 --> 00:15:23,839
Is this dead?

197
00:15:24,340 --> 00:15:25,382
Is that alive?

198
00:15:33,265 --> 00:15:35,392
This is... Airport Reef.

199
00:15:37,561 --> 00:15:39,104
Previously. So, this is in December.

200
00:15:43,067 --> 00:15:44,193
And that's now.

201
00:15:54,203 --> 00:15:56,330
When Richard sees the white coral,

202
00:15:56,413 --> 00:15:57,790
that is a turning point for him.

203
00:15:59,792 --> 00:16:03,087
I think I confess to him
that I think this is far more deadly

204
00:16:03,170 --> 00:16:05,464
of several other things
who are facing coral reefs.

205
00:16:05,923 --> 00:16:08,842
So what have we seen
since the early 1980s

206
00:16:08,926 --> 00:16:10,177
when this first happened,

207
00:16:10,260 --> 00:16:12,972
we really have lost a very large number of rocks,

208
00:16:13,055 --> 00:16:14,640
only because of this phenomenon.

209
00:16:14,723 --> 00:16:18,268
I think it's the first time
that he saw the magnitude of this problem.

210
00:16:19,019 --> 00:16:22,898
That this is a threat across the planet
towards coral reefs,

211
00:16:22,982 --> 00:16:27,111
which will happen very fast
and cause a lot of damage.

212
00:16:29,279 --> 00:16:32,449
Back in the 80s, we began to see this strange phenomenon.

213
00:16:34,284 --> 00:16:37,121
Mostly
coral reefs turn white,

214
00:16:37,204 --> 00:16:38,747
literally for several weeks.

215
00:16:39,373 --> 00:16:41,417
And no one really knows why this happened.

216
00:16:44,294 --> 00:16:46,547
As we did in more experiments,

217
00:16:46,630 --> 00:16:49,049
it turns out it's not a disease,

218
00:16:49,133 --> 00:16:50,759
not too much light.

219
00:16:50,843 --> 00:16:53,220
And the only thing you can do
in an experiment

220
00:16:53,303 --> 00:16:55,431
that causes coral to turn white

221
00:16:55,514 --> 00:16:58,892
raise the temperature by two degrees Celsius.

222
00:17:01,311 --> 00:17:03,731
At the end of my PhD,

223
00:17:03,814 --> 00:17:07,067
we are careful to say the words
in the literature that says:

224
00:17:07,151 --> 00:17:09,862
"Okay, you know,
Maybe this is global warming,

225
00:17:09,945 --> 00:17:12,322
and this is one of the initial impacts
on coral reefs. "

226
00:17:19,621 --> 00:17:23,417
We see climate change
as if it is a problem in the air.

227
00:17:23,500 --> 00:17:26,003
And you are heading,
" One or two degrees Celsius?

228
00:17:26,253 --> 00:17:27,421
Is that really important? "

229
00:17:28,589 --> 00:17:30,340
But when you talk about the ocean...

230
00:17:30,883 --> 00:17:33,093
This is like changing your body temperature.

231
00:17:33,761 --> 00:17:38,348
And imagine your body temperature
rising one degree Celsius

232
00:17:38,432 --> 00:17:39,933
or two degrees Celsius .

233
00:17:40,476 --> 00:17:42,561
Over a period of time,
will be fatal.

234
00:17:43,020 --> 00:17:47,399
And that is the seriousness of the issue
when you see it in terms of the ocean.

235
00:17:50,110 --> 00:17:54,198
Corals that bleach themselves
are stress responses,

236
00:17:54,281 --> 00:17:58,827
like fever in humans
is a stress response.

237
00:18:00,037 --> 00:18:03,332
If the temperature spikes are only
slightly above their normal range...

238
00:18:04,041 --> 00:18:06,126
corals will begin to turn white.

239
00:18:07,002 --> 00:18:09,171
Small plants
that live on their tissues,

240
00:18:09,254 --> 00:18:15,469
their ability to photosynthesize
and feed disturbed livestock.

241
00:18:16,011 --> 00:18:18,847
Animals basically feel that:

242
00:18:18,931 --> 00:18:22,434
"I have something inside me
that doesn't do what I expect,"

243
00:18:22,518 --> 00:18:24,728
and as happened to us, with

244
00:18:24,812 --> 00:18:26,605
When we get bacteria,

245
00:18:26,688 --> 00:18:28,524
we try to get rid of it
as soon as possible.

246
00:18:28,607 --> 00:18:30,859
That's what these animals do.

247
00:18:30,943 --> 00:18:33,987
They try to get rid of
plants that no longer function...

248
00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:38,283
and leave the network transparent,
naked.

249
00:18:39,284 --> 00:18:43,080
They have lost the most important food source they have.

250
00:18:43,163 --> 00:18:44,456
So, they start starving.

251
00:18:48,460 --> 00:18:50,671
When the coral turns white,

252
00:18:50,754 --> 00:18:52,631
the meat becomes clear.

253
00:18:52,714 --> 00:18:55,509
And what you see
is the frame below it.

254
00:18:55,759 --> 00:18:58,345
So, the bright white
that you see in the picture...

255
00:18:58,846 --> 00:19:00,722
is just a framework everywhere.

256
00:19:02,474 --> 00:19:05,978
If it looks very clean white
about coral...

257
00:19:06,728 --> 00:19:08,355
it will still live.

258
00:19:09,314 --> 00:19:11,483
They don't let anything else
grow on it.

259
00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:17,322
They don't usually grow.
They will usually not reproduce.

260
00:19:17,906 --> 00:19:19,408
Possibility to die.

261
00:19:23,745 --> 00:19:27,082
You will see this downy microalgae.

262
00:19:28,542 --> 00:19:33,839
The entire surface suddenly becomes a lot,
is far less clear to see.

263
00:19:36,175 --> 00:19:38,343
That is an indication
that the coral has died.

264
00:19:42,181 --> 00:19:46,810
Oh Can you,
uh, mark that one?

265
00:19:46,894 --> 00:19:50,522
Coral bleaching is very difficult
to connect.

266
00:19:51,023 --> 00:19:53,233
You see a picture
of a beautiful white reef.

267
00:19:53,984 --> 00:19:55,736
Is that a good or bad thing?

268
00:19:57,237 --> 00:20:00,532
So, we need to communicate it
in a different way.

269
00:20:09,958 --> 00:20:15,380
I fly with a plane,
and I watch a movie, Chasing Ice.

270
00:20:15,464 --> 00:20:18,717
The film is about documentation
missing glacier.

271
00:20:19,468 --> 00:20:24,473
And suddenly I realized
that our project was almost the same.

272
00:20:24,973 --> 00:20:28,185
So, it's pretty much
as soon as I get off the plane,

273
00:20:28,268 --> 00:20:29,686
I contacted the director.

274
00:20:30,229 --> 00:20:31,730
The camera records every hour,

275
00:20:31,813 --> 00:20:34,608
but we only show each,
you know, a week or two...

276
00:20:34,691 --> 00:20:38,487
Richard sent an e-mail, suddenly,
and he posted two photos,

277
00:20:38,570 --> 00:20:42,115
one of the healthy coral reefs
and one of the dead coral reefs.

278
00:20:42,491 --> 00:20:45,744
And when I see the photos,
the light bulb immediately lights up.

279
00:20:45,827 --> 00:20:47,996
This is like,
if you can document the changes,

280
00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:50,457
You can disclose this to the public
in a powerful way.

281
00:20:50,832 --> 00:20:53,919
We know from the beginning there is something
that we want to be involved.

282
00:20:54,253 --> 00:20:55,796
These images are selected...

283
00:20:55,879 --> 00:20:59,800
We started talking early enough about
as to whether the time between cameras can be seen.

284
00:20:59,883 --> 00:21:02,094
But we lost this one.

285
00:21:02,177 --> 00:21:05,430
We need a wiper system or something that will keep the glass clean.

286
00:21:06,056 --> 00:21:09,726
When Richard and the team want
to do a time interval in the water,

287
00:21:09,810 --> 00:21:11,937
they approach us to design something.

288
00:21:12,354 --> 00:21:14,856
So, this one is, uh... a little dirty.

289
00:21:14,940 --> 00:21:17,234
We designed a magnetic arm

290
00:21:17,317 --> 00:21:19,987
which attracts windshield wipers
around this glass dome

291
00:21:20,070 --> 00:21:22,614
and stay clean
for long periods of time.

292
00:21:22,698 --> 00:21:25,909
When you first meet them,
their deadline doesn't seem to make sense.

293
00:21:25,993 --> 00:21:28,704
No one does anything
that approaches this.

294
00:21:29,121 --> 00:21:32,499
We have all related problems
because it deals with time lapse,

295
00:21:32,582 --> 00:21:36,962
camera, but we also have so many things
unknown.

296
00:21:41,091 --> 00:21:43,427
If you have a camera system

297
00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:47,639
that you need to be submerged in salt water
for months ending...

298
00:21:48,557 --> 00:21:51,727
who are subject to major storms
and hurricanes...

299
00:21:52,811 --> 00:21:55,689
at depth,
with all the tremendous pressure

300
00:21:55,772 --> 00:21:58,692
billions of gallons
water pressing down,

301
00:21:58,775 --> 00:22:01,653
it's very, very difficult.

302
00:22:01,737 --> 00:22:04,948
If we are tethered to the
or Raspberry Pi and SSH hunter boards,

303
00:22:05,032 --> 00:22:07,409
I need at least 12 volts.
Maybe get away with 11.

304
00:22:07,492 --> 00:22:09,536
Then we can use 12 to 5
to hunt.

305
00:22:09,619 --> 00:22:11,163
- Let's say 300 milliamps.
- Okay.

306
00:22:11,246 --> 00:22:12,414
Twelve minutes a day.

307
00:22:12,497 --> 00:22:14,624
- Seven-two-point watt-hours.
- Yeah.

308
00:22:15,125 --> 00:22:15,959
- Okay.
- Cool.

309
00:22:16,043 --> 00:22:18,003
Good, I think this
will be very easy.

310
00:22:19,921 --> 00:22:21,506
They are 3D printing parts,

311
00:22:21,590 --> 00:22:25,969
they build custom circuit boards,
they are building special wireless hotspots.

312
00:22:26,053 --> 00:22:27,846
This is really complicated.

313
00:22:29,139 --> 00:22:34,519
People on a cordless ship
are connected to a computer in a case

314
00:22:34,603 --> 00:22:37,314
which is connected to the umbilicus cable

315
00:22:37,397 --> 00:22:41,818
who goes down to the router
in the underwater housing

316
00:22:41,902 --> 00:22:45,363
that communicates wirelessly
to the camera.

317
00:22:46,573 --> 00:22:48,492
When it's finished, you just revoke it.

318
00:22:49,826 --> 00:22:52,162
This, so far, is the most complicated thing  I have seen
View Into the Blue.

319
00:22:52,245 --> 00:22:54,873
At that time, Jeff and Richard didn't know that I was a coral nerdy.

320
00:22:55,582 --> 00:23:01,046
Secretly, I've been sitting in my office,
really triggered it

321
00:23:01,129 --> 00:23:04,049


322
00:23:04,132 --> 00:23:08,470
that I am in the same room
because this coral project is happening,

323
00:23:08,553 --> 00:23:10,013
and we help support it.

324
00:23:10,097 --> 00:23:13,683
Because I want more than anything
to do something on the rock.

325
00:23:14,226 --> 00:23:15,685
This is Lobophyllia.

326
00:23:15,769 --> 00:23:18,522
This is Oxypora
or a type of filia.

327
00:23:18,605 --> 00:23:22,943
Montastrea, Favites, Favia, Platygyra.

328
00:23:24,111 --> 00:23:25,487
That might not be Platygyra...

329
00:23:25,570 --> 00:23:28,490
I am involved in the aquarium industry
at a fairly young age.

330
00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:31,910
Grows in the mountains
and in Colorado

331
00:23:31,993 --> 00:23:35,914
really makes my obsession
with the sea a little worse.

332
00:23:36,456 --> 00:23:38,416
Look, on this reef, there are many lives,

333
00:23:38,500 --> 00:23:41,795
but then there are many, like,
deaths here, so this is just a framework.

334
00:23:41,878 --> 00:23:44,256
So, it can be
because it's too close

335
00:23:44,339 --> 00:23:46,925
for Euphyllia, maybe,
they fight with each other,

336
00:23:47,008 --> 00:23:49,344
and this one stings
to die there.

337
00:23:49,427 --> 00:23:51,096
He only loves coral.

338
00:23:51,972 --> 00:23:55,392
Even reaching the point
where he has coral reefs in his house

339
00:23:55,475 --> 00:23:56,476
without fish in it.

340
00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:59,146
And no one has a coral reef tank
without fish in it.

341
00:24:00,021 --> 00:24:03,066
The beauty of corals or why
I enjoy coral more than fish

342
00:24:03,150 --> 00:24:05,152
is because if the coral dies, it's your fault.

343
00:24:05,861 --> 00:24:09,030
As long as you don't mess it up
like your tank collision

344
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:11,992
or kill the coral,
then they will all continue to live.

345
00:24:12,075 --> 00:24:13,577
They are only eternal machines.

346
00:24:13,660 --> 00:24:16,163
They don't really have life expectancy,
approximately.

347
00:24:16,246 --> 00:24:18,081
They just continue

348
00:24:18,165 --> 00:24:20,625
as long as their environment
allows them.

349
00:24:21,126 --> 00:24:22,836
It's the same as jellyfish too.

350
00:24:22,919 --> 00:24:26,506
Jellyfish technically live forever,
but they are only eaten by many things

351
00:24:26,590 --> 00:24:27,883
that it doesn't just happen.

352
00:24:30,969 --> 00:24:34,347
For me, the most interesting thing in nature is symbiosis.

353
00:24:35,474 --> 00:24:40,020
Two separate organisms
that have adapted to one another,

354
00:24:40,103 --> 00:24:42,230
and now mutually beneficial to each other.

355
00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:44,107
They work together, and...

356
00:24:44,816 --> 00:24:48,737
The first thing that comes to my mind
are anemones and clownfish.

357
00:24:51,239 --> 00:24:53,909
Anemone provides
protection for clownfish,

358
00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:56,870
and clownfish usually provide
for anemones.

359
00:24:57,746 --> 00:25:00,207
This is a mutually beneficial relationship.

360
00:25:01,917 --> 00:25:04,586
In the case of coral, this
is deeper than that.

361
00:25:06,504 --> 00:25:10,217
The symbion itself is incorporated in the organism.

362
00:25:10,300 --> 00:25:15,263
Corals will not exist
without these tiny tiny plant cells.

363
00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:21,394
They are very dependent on each other,
and you don't have it without the others.

364
00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:24,981
The relationship between the two is...

365
00:25:25,232 --> 00:25:27,317
the most interesting thing
in the world for me.

366
00:25:28,000 --> 00:26:04,500
TZ17

367
00:26:06,606 --> 00:26:11,152
Does the color change quite uniformly,

368
00:26:11,236 --> 00:26:12,737
- or are they doing it?
- Do not know.

369
00:26:12,821 --> 00:26:13,989
- Don't know.
- Do not know.

370
00:26:14,072 --> 00:26:17,909
- Pocilloporas can go overnight right?
- Never been recorded in the wild before.

371
00:26:17,993 --> 00:26:20,328
That's what really thrills me
about what is happening here

372
00:26:20,412 --> 00:26:23,498
that this will be the first time
we can really ask him

373
00:26:23,581 --> 00:26:25,166
- and answer the question.
- Yeah.

374
00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:27,836
But Pocilloporas
can go overnight, right?

375
00:26:28,295 --> 00:26:30,797
Yes, many Pocilloporas
are gone.

376
00:26:30,880 --> 00:26:32,716
- Perfectly deleted.
- already installed

377
00:26:32,799 --> 00:26:35,468
But Montipora is an important coral reef manufacture.

378
00:26:35,552 --> 00:26:38,346
Montipora and Porites compressa,
yes, both.

379
00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:40,390
And Lutea, the big one you see. So...

380
00:26:40,473 --> 00:26:42,642
And what happens to
in Porites tissue thickness?

381
00:26:42,726 --> 00:26:45,353
So, they can go down
half a centimeter.

382
00:26:45,437 --> 00:26:48,315
Is it not...?
Do the fertilized gametes carry them...?

383
00:26:48,398 --> 00:26:52,152
Yes, because most of them
In Hawaii, we have very high proportions

384
00:26:52,235 --> 00:26:53,528
coral species that...

385
00:26:53,612 --> 00:26:59,909
We know this will be very difficult,

386
00:26:59,993 --> 00:27:02,412
predict where to put the camera.

387
00:27:03,330 --> 00:27:07,417
We think, "We just need to do this
wherever bleaching takes place."

388
00:27:07,500 --> 00:27:11,588
- Good morning, Mark.
- Good afternoon, Richard.

389
00:27:11,671 --> 00:27:15,467
This is, uh... rather sleepy.

390
00:27:15,550 --> 00:27:17,385
Yes. And I've read your e-mail,

391
00:27:17,469 --> 00:27:21,014
which one, do you know, about El Niño
starting earlier this year.

392
00:27:21,097 --> 00:27:24,601
Mark Eakin gives us the
tool to understand

393
00:27:24,684 --> 00:27:25,852
where do we go

394
00:27:25,935 --> 00:27:27,312
What we see is...

395
00:27:27,395 --> 00:27:30,982
I work at National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA.

396
00:27:31,483 --> 00:27:34,611
We use satellites
to see sea surface temperatures

397
00:27:34,694 --> 00:27:36,029
which causes coral bleaching.

398
00:27:36,112 --> 00:27:39,741
One thing the temperature has shown us,
without question,

399
00:27:39,824 --> 00:27:42,160
is the ocean has heated up.

400
00:27:43,578 --> 00:27:46,664
The temperature in the sea
passes through the normal cycle.

401
00:27:46,998 --> 00:27:49,626
If the temperature remains constant,

402
00:27:49,709 --> 00:27:54,339
then all the ups and downs
will be around the average temperature.

403
00:27:54,923 --> 00:27:59,469
But now we have reached the point
that we have changed the average.

404
00:27:59,552 --> 00:28:04,432
Your warm temperature continues to be warm
and warmer and warmer.

405
00:28:05,642 --> 00:28:11,856
The first widespread bleaching event
occurred in the early 1980s.

406
00:28:12,857 --> 00:28:18,613
97, 98, this is the first global scale mass bleaching.

407
00:28:18,696 --> 00:28:22,033
Many corals bleach,
many corals die.

408
00:28:22,659 --> 00:28:26,204
2010, only 12 years later,

409
00:28:26,287 --> 00:28:30,291
We see the second global scale
mass playback.

410
00:28:30,959 --> 00:28:33,878
Now, only five years later...

411
00:28:34,879 --> 00:28:39,509
We have the potential of a third global scale
mass event.

412
00:28:40,051 --> 00:28:44,055
Basically, at this point, about two thirds

413
00:28:44,139 --> 00:28:48,268
of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands
see the rate of warming

414
00:28:48,351 --> 00:28:50,812
where you usually see bleaching.

415
00:28:50,895 --> 00:28:52,439
High stress levels...

416
00:28:52,522 --> 00:28:54,774
I'm doing mapping in Hawaii,

417
00:28:54,858 --> 00:28:58,695
and you can see here,
it is 4.7 degrees hotter

418
00:28:58,778 --> 00:29:00,780
than it should be at this time of year.

419
00:29:00,864 --> 00:29:03,992
And you see several other
hotspots around the world,

420
00:29:04,075 --> 00:29:06,745
it is 11.3 degrees, five degrees hotter,

421
00:29:06,828 --> 00:29:09,706
8.2 degrees hotter than usual.

422
00:29:10,290 --> 00:29:13,418
There are large heat waves
_ that are circling the planet,

423
00:29:13,501 --> 00:29:15,628
and it kills coral
wherever it goes.

424
00:29:17,589 --> 00:29:21,509
This is a small window of opportunity that we have today  to be able to capture this bleaching event
and communicate it on a large scale.

425
00:29:21,593 --> 00:29:26,014
There is no input here at this time.

426
00:29:26,097 --> 00:29:27,682
Usually, we will do extensive
field testing with this camera,

427
00:29:27,766 --> 00:29:31,227
Given how complicated they are,

428
00:29:31,311 --> 00:29:32,854
but they only need
put in water.

429
00:29:32,937 --> 00:29:34,939
Good, we have lots of bags.

430
00:29:47,035 --> 00:29:48,536


431
00:29:48,620 --> 00:29:52,040
I'm not sure how happy
people are in the air.

432
00:29:55,543 --> 00:29:56,377
One-oh-one.

433
00:29:56,461 --> 00:29:59,255
It's quite waterproof
through the exterior.

434
00:29:59,839 --> 00:30:01,966
So, guess what we are doing now.

435
00:30:02,050 --> 00:30:05,303
We cut plastic
from underwater solar panels.

436
00:30:05,386 --> 00:30:07,472
If not,
we can't take it on the plane.

437
00:30:09,516 --> 00:30:10,350
Listen. Hear.

438
00:30:13,603 --> 00:30:15,522
Ninety-nine point five.

439
00:30:16,314 --> 00:30:17,816
- Is that good?

440
00:30:18,942 --> 00:30:21,653
So, based on the
data we get from NOAA,

441
00:30:21,736 --> 00:30:26,491
we decided to put the camera in
in Hawaii, Bermuda and the Bahamas.

442
00:30:29,452 --> 00:30:32,038
We will go down, we will do scouts,
we will find lots of places,

443
00:30:32,121 --> 00:30:33,581
we will mark GPS coordinates.

444
00:30:33,665 --> 00:30:35,416
Right at that corner.

445
00:30:53,226 --> 00:30:56,646
This is completely different from other scuba dives I've done.

446
00:30:56,729 --> 00:30:59,148
And other scuba diving
are usually done.

447
00:30:59,941 --> 00:31:01,609
This is underwater construction.

448
00:31:03,069 --> 00:31:06,197
You work in an
environment that humans are not built for him.

449
00:31:07,198 --> 00:31:09,450
You also can't communicate
with your team,

450
00:31:09,534 --> 00:31:11,911
other than sign language,

451
00:31:11,995 --> 00:31:13,872
and we are not good at it.

452
00:31:14,998 --> 00:31:17,625
So, the camera is installed
watered with this. This plate.

453
00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:20,587
We can adjust the height
and adjust this angle.

454
00:31:25,633 --> 00:31:27,051
You are in zero gravity.

455
00:31:27,468 --> 00:31:30,680
So, if you try
to put something in the ground,

456
00:31:30,763 --> 00:31:33,182
You don't have it.
You float, you float.

457
00:31:35,310 --> 00:31:40,023
Is that thunder?
That is a weather warning.

458
00:31:40,106 --> 00:31:42,066
- I heard a clattering sound.
- That's good - Yeah.

459
00:31:42,984 --> 00:31:44,068
Is it static?

460
00:31:44,444 --> 00:31:47,280
- I hope it's not lightning
- Oh, my God. That is lightning.

461
00:31:47,655 --> 00:31:50,199
- Do you hear it?
- Yes, I heard it on my microphone.

462
00:31:51,117 --> 00:31:53,536
I thought, maybe you should turn off the camera.
I do not know.

463
00:31:53,620 --> 00:31:55,788
Can we lower the metal?

464
00:31:55,872 --> 00:31:57,540
I better not want to touch it.

465
00:32:00,209 --> 00:32:03,046
Because this vacuum glass dome is closed,

466
00:32:03,129 --> 00:32:06,633
we can't really replace
settings inside the camera.

467
00:32:07,008 --> 00:32:11,179
So, they put this wire into a box
on the ship on the surface.

468
00:32:11,429 --> 00:32:15,183
You have a cable installed
to a stationary device under water

469
00:32:15,266 --> 00:32:17,894
and already installed
into very smooth equipment.

470
00:32:17,977 --> 00:32:19,020
Boom, we enter.

471
00:32:19,604 --> 00:32:22,440
Now let's see
if this will react today.

472
00:32:22,941 --> 00:32:26,027
And you can sit there
on the boat with a tablet

473
00:32:26,110 --> 00:32:27,779
and you can adjust the settings

474
00:32:27,862 --> 00:32:30,490
and you can see
what the camera is doing under water.

475
00:32:32,241 --> 00:32:34,869
Um, look at this cable. Are we...?

476
00:32:35,411 --> 00:32:36,704
Can you move us closer?

477
00:32:36,788 --> 00:32:38,206
I'm just nervous

478
00:32:38,289 --> 00:32:40,625
The looseness is getting tighter!

479
00:32:42,377 --> 00:32:43,211
Hold.

480
00:32:45,630 --> 00:32:46,506
Give it to me.

481
00:32:46,589 --> 00:32:56,015
The wind only brings us.
A hard anchor doesn't last long.

482
00:32:56,557 --> 00:32:57,684
We just drift.

483
00:33:11,948 --> 00:33:12,782
Bummer.

484
00:33:13,324 --> 00:33:14,325
Flood?

485
00:33:16,160 --> 00:33:17,829
That will decrease the cable, too.

486
00:33:25,003 --> 00:33:25,920
Something...

487
00:33:31,092 --> 00:33:33,011
OK, so, let's see.

488
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:35,763
So, basically you have a few millimeters
water there.

489
00:33:35,847 --> 00:33:37,932
Maybe
is poured on an electrical connection,

490
00:33:38,016 --> 00:33:41,227
- Blows a 12 volt fuse. You will be fine.
- Blow 12 volts.

491
00:33:41,477 --> 00:33:44,689
This is what looks like
right now.

492
00:33:44,772 --> 00:33:48,693
We have torn it to access it
and try to clean it.

493
00:33:49,277 --> 00:33:51,571
Jiminy Cricket, look at the mess. Good.

494
00:33:52,155 --> 00:33:53,448
We will be fine.

495
00:33:53,781 --> 00:33:57,660
Basically I want you to take
12 volts directly from the battery...

496
00:34:07,462 --> 00:34:09,464
Okay, let's try this again.

497
00:34:09,547 --> 00:34:11,966
OK. This is everything.

498
00:34:13,092 --> 00:34:14,719
Do we have a new message?

499
00:34:15,803 --> 00:34:18,389
Oh! Hahaha...

500
00:34:18,473 --> 00:34:20,558
We are okay. Oh

501
00:34:21,017 --> 00:34:22,810
Ah! We are connected.

502
00:34:23,895 --> 00:34:28,191
It does look like a killer.
Look at that!

503
00:34:28,733 --> 00:34:30,526
That's brilliant, man.

504
00:34:31,069 --> 00:34:33,071
I have a file on my computer.

505
00:34:33,821 --> 00:34:34,822
Whoo!

506
00:34:36,157 --> 00:34:38,409
- Okay, we're done.
- What?

507
00:34:38,493 --> 00:34:40,078
- We are finished.
- We're done.

508
00:34:42,830 --> 00:34:44,916
Yeah. Hahaha...

509
00:34:45,708 --> 00:34:47,835
Oh, I'm very happy now.

510
00:34:49,337 --> 00:34:50,338
This is amazing.

511
00:34:52,632 --> 00:34:54,842
After that,
nothing can be done except to wait.

512
00:35:26,499 --> 00:35:31,546
When I was little, I always had a sweet side to taxonomy...

513
00:35:32,213 --> 00:35:35,383
really I don't know
how to put my finger on it.

514
00:35:35,466 --> 00:35:40,972
I always want to know what it is,
and I want to know the scientific name.

515
00:35:41,055 --> 00:35:43,975
So, I fell in love with the arrest of all these little creatures  and return
and have many guides

516
00:35:44,058 --> 00:35:46,144
to help me find out what I am.

517
00:35:46,227 --> 00:35:47,937
So, when I get into the reef,

518
00:35:48,479 --> 00:35:51,065


519
00:35:51,149 --> 00:35:54,735
there are only a few resources
from one person.

520
00:35:55,486 --> 00:35:56,946
This person, Charlie Veron.

521
00:35:58,906 --> 00:36:02,160
Every time I see something,
he is there.

522
00:36:02,243 --> 00:36:06,664
There are about 340 coral species
on the Great Barrier Reef.

523
00:36:06,747 --> 00:36:09,417
There is something new there
about 6 meters high.

524
00:36:11,836 --> 00:36:15,715
For all intents and purposes,
he is the "father" of coral reef science.

525
00:36:16,048 --> 00:36:19,927
He was the first person who really came down
and started cataloging corals,

526
00:36:20,011 --> 00:36:24,015
and I hope to be that person,
but I was born a little late.

527
00:36:25,474 --> 00:36:29,353
Here we have thousands of species
all who mingle with

528
00:36:29,437 --> 00:36:30,521
in a complex way.

529
00:36:31,063 --> 00:36:34,859
Coral, unlike other forms
life on Earth, except humans,

530
00:36:34,942 --> 00:36:36,986
has the capacity
to build its own environment,

531
00:36:37,069 --> 00:36:39,113
Creating their own habitat.

532
00:36:42,575 --> 00:36:43,618
Think of a city.

533
00:36:45,703 --> 00:36:49,457
Corals are experts in creating high
increase.

534
00:36:50,875 --> 00:36:54,462
They basically create this extraordinary dimension,

535
00:36:54,545 --> 00:36:56,172
this three-dimensional framework.

536
00:36:57,465 --> 00:36:59,342
A more complex structure,

537
00:36:59,425 --> 00:37:02,220
More and more biodiversity
can live there.

538
00:37:04,305 --> 00:37:06,057
In a healthy coral reef system,

539
00:37:06,140 --> 00:37:08,768
all landscapes are covered with
with coral.

540
00:37:09,769 --> 00:37:12,730
They compete for places
with each other,

541
00:37:12,813 --> 00:37:14,732
they grow above and below.

542
00:37:16,234 --> 00:37:17,652
Look at the Great Barrier Reef,

543
00:37:17,735 --> 00:37:19,654
Really sea Manhattan.

544
00:37:20,112 --> 00:37:23,282
This very diverse and complex city.

545
00:37:23,699 --> 00:37:26,994
And like in a city, the fish lives in a very specific place.

546
00:37:28,871 --> 00:37:30,539
This is somewhat similar to the surrounding environment.

547
00:37:30,623 --> 00:37:33,417
You go back to the environment
and you see the same person.

548
00:37:34,919 --> 00:37:37,505
The same fish live
in the same part of the reef

549
00:37:37,588 --> 00:37:38,673
week after week.

550
00:37:39,298 --> 00:37:41,425
They live there
most of their lives.

551
00:37:43,052 --> 00:37:46,514
In the morning and evening,
You have traffic on the coral reef.

552
00:37:46,597 --> 00:37:49,809
You have fish that likes,
spend the night on coral reefs,

553
00:37:49,892 --> 00:37:52,353
then they go to eat
and all swim together.

554
00:37:53,020 --> 00:37:55,064
So, they are busy places.

555
00:37:57,400 --> 00:38:00,820
When the sun begins to rise,
You really have the morning chorus,

556
00:38:00,903 --> 00:38:03,197
is similar to what we get
when we hear birds

557
00:38:03,281 --> 00:38:05,658
wake up in the forest
at sunrise.

558
00:38:05,741 --> 00:38:08,619
When you listen carefully,
You hear snoring things.

559
00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:12,248
You hear nagging and groans
from so many different animals.

560
00:38:12,832 --> 00:38:14,417
It's not a quiet world at all.

561
00:38:14,500 --> 00:38:15,960
This is actually quite noisy.

562
00:38:17,753 --> 00:38:21,382
Each fish, each animal, has its own job, and it is the same as itself.

563
00:38:22,883 --> 00:38:24,468
There are fish that are farmed.

564
00:38:24,552 --> 00:38:26,971
They actually plant a little plant or algae.

565
00:38:27,263 --> 00:38:31,976
And they will choose a piece of algae
and plant it, and take care of that area.

566
00:38:32,977 --> 00:38:34,520
There are crabs and lobsters...

567
00:38:34,854 --> 00:38:37,773
and small shrimp that will do things like maintaining coral.

568
00:38:38,941 --> 00:38:40,609
There is a strange partnership,

569
00:38:40,693 --> 00:38:44,155
like moray eels,
who will hunt with reef fish.

570
00:38:44,238 --> 00:38:46,532
Fish that are completely different,
but they work together

571
00:38:46,615 --> 00:38:48,868
to hunt across coral reefs,
and they share food.

572
00:38:50,244 --> 00:38:53,497
One of the things that pays attention to
is the kind of voice that clings.

573
00:38:53,581 --> 00:38:55,041
And this is parrotfish.

574
00:38:55,124 --> 00:38:56,834
These are fish that have beaks.

575
00:38:56,917 --> 00:38:59,920
They really eat coral.
They curl up on the reef.

576
00:39:00,671 --> 00:39:02,923
When the coral passes
through parrotfish,

577
00:39:03,007 --> 00:39:04,592
it comes out as sand.

578
00:39:04,675 --> 00:39:06,510
So, in fact, every single beach,

579
00:39:06,594 --> 00:39:09,347
You basically walk
in parrot shit.

580
00:39:13,392 --> 00:39:16,270
Coral reefs are very important
for oceans,

581
00:39:16,354 --> 00:39:18,481
because basically they are nurseries.

582
00:39:18,981 --> 00:39:23,819
And they say something like 25% of all marine life depends on coral reefs.

583
00:39:25,446 --> 00:39:28,032
We have half a billion
to one billion people

584
00:39:28,115 --> 00:39:32,119
who rely on coral reefs
as their main food source.

585
00:39:33,662 --> 00:39:37,041
Without that protein,
they will be malnourished.

586
00:39:37,124 --> 00:39:39,794
Their culture, their way of life,

587
00:39:39,877 --> 00:39:43,506
their economy
all depend on healthy coral reefs.

588
00:39:44,465 --> 00:39:48,803
And many new drugs
come to help humans

589
00:39:48,886 --> 00:39:50,596
coming from the sea.

590
00:39:51,430 --> 00:39:55,059
There are drugs called prostaglandins
which come from sea fans,

591
00:39:55,142 --> 00:39:56,394
and it's against cancer.

592
00:39:56,894 --> 00:40:00,898
There is one more called bryostatin
which comes from coral rhizomes,

593
00:40:00,981 --> 00:40:02,650
and also fight cancer too.

594
00:40:03,567 --> 00:40:05,986
There are many things
that we don't know yet  who can help the community,

595
00:40:06,070 --> 00:40:07,780
through new chemistry
that we find in coral reef organisms.

596
00:40:07,863 --> 00:40:11,867


597
00:40:14,662 --> 00:40:17,164
Coral reefs produce breakwaters

598
00:40:17,248 --> 00:40:20,292
It protects us from large waves,
from cyclones.

599
00:40:21,127 --> 00:40:23,295
They are better than the ones we can produce,

600
00:40:23,379 --> 00:40:26,006
because they grow
and rebuild it at any time.

601
00:40:28,426 --> 00:40:32,096
Coral is the real basis of the ecosystem.

602
00:40:32,972 --> 00:40:34,807
You cannot have a city without buildings.

603
00:40:36,392 --> 00:40:39,395
And you can't have coral reefs
without coral.

604
00:41:04,962 --> 00:41:07,173
So, we returned to the Bahamas

605
00:41:07,256 --> 00:41:10,259
to take the Camera Number 1
after the time.

606
00:41:33,073 --> 00:41:36,494
We will keep our promises
and hope we have lots of recordings.

607
00:41:37,536 --> 00:41:40,414
Hope that there
at least one and a half months.

608
00:41:48,589 --> 00:41:49,548
Bingo.

609
00:41:54,512 --> 00:41:56,138
It's out of focus.

610
00:42:01,185 --> 00:42:03,062
All of this is out of focus.

611
00:42:05,356 --> 00:42:07,149
This is a big nuisance.

612
00:42:09,652 --> 00:42:14,031
In focus... and then the first
after that is out of focus.

613
00:42:15,241 --> 00:42:17,701
And getting worse.
Do you see it?

614
00:42:19,119 --> 00:42:21,580
All of these recordings are out of focus.

615
00:42:22,915 --> 00:42:25,292
And many are useless.

616
00:42:30,214 --> 00:42:31,966
I hope they work elsewhere.

617
00:42:53,988 --> 00:42:55,281
We are not focused here.

618
00:42:57,533 --> 00:42:58,784
I think we're fine.

619
00:43:00,661 --> 00:43:01,495
Damn.

620
00:43:04,415 --> 00:43:06,917
So how bad is the picture?

621
00:43:07,585 --> 00:43:08,586
Bad.

622
00:43:09,420 --> 00:43:10,546
- Can not be used.
- Can not be used.

623
00:43:10,629 --> 00:43:12,798
- Yes
- So, this is very soft.

624
00:43:13,048 --> 00:43:13,882
Yep.

625
00:43:15,134 --> 00:43:17,094
There are those that are softer and softer
and softer.

626
00:43:17,177 --> 00:43:20,347
I have never heard
change manual focus from time to time.

627
00:43:20,431 --> 00:43:21,265
Yes.

628
00:43:25,853 --> 00:43:27,271
Hawaiian Bleaching.

629
00:43:27,688 --> 00:43:30,024
Hawaii has the worst bleaching ever.

630
00:43:30,691 --> 00:43:32,901
It's just that we don't succeed
to catch it.

631
00:43:35,112 --> 00:43:38,407
We put a lot of effort
down the camera,

632
00:43:38,490 --> 00:43:39,491
and we think we...

633
00:43:40,159 --> 00:43:42,911
we have done everything right...
and this is a huge blow.

634
00:43:43,996 --> 00:43:47,166
More because we know
hours are against us.

635
00:43:48,208 --> 00:43:50,919
We don't know how long the
bleaching event will take place.

636
00:43:58,427 --> 00:44:00,929
I have seen
at the last sea temperature value

637
00:44:01,013 --> 00:44:02,222
for Australia.

638
00:44:02,306 --> 00:44:04,808
It must be warmer than before
long enough.

639
00:44:04,892 --> 00:44:07,936
The coastal area
will probably continue to warm.

640
00:44:08,020 --> 00:44:08,896
Yes.

641
00:44:08,979 --> 00:44:11,940
If you like bleaching...

642
00:44:12,024 --> 00:44:13,651
- This is a good sign.
- Yes.

643
00:44:13,734 --> 00:44:16,362
Of course,
means terrible things for coral reefs.

644
00:44:16,445 --> 00:44:17,529
Lose, 30 seconds.

645
00:44:17,780 --> 00:44:21,909
Zack and Trevor have gone
and only fixed the problem.

646
00:44:21,992 --> 00:44:24,995
- The pool that appears here...
- We switch to a fixed lens,

647
00:44:25,079 --> 00:44:28,832
and that allows us to get rid of all the problems of focus we have.

648
00:44:29,249 --> 00:44:32,002
We have a better system.

649
00:44:32,086 --> 00:44:34,380
I'm far more sure it will work.

650
00:44:39,635 --> 00:44:41,470
Yes. Yes.

651
00:44:45,516 --> 00:44:47,810
Awesome! Stingray.

652
00:45:00,155 --> 00:45:02,741
I stand on one
of two and a half thousand or more

653
00:45:02,825 --> 00:45:06,412
large coral reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef Australia.

654
00:45:06,829 --> 00:45:10,499
Very few people can realize
that this is the biggest structure

655
00:45:10,582 --> 00:45:11,834
that life has ever made on Earth.

656
00:45:13,210 --> 00:45:16,422
This reef extends along
Australia's tropical coastline,

657
00:45:16,505 --> 00:45:19,091
the distance is more than 2,000 kilometers,

658
00:45:19,174 --> 00:45:23,220
long all over the East Coast
from the United States.

659
00:45:23,303 --> 00:45:25,931
I always want to go
to the Great Barrier Reef.

660
00:45:26,181 --> 00:45:29,601
I want to see her beauty,
and always want to get there.

661
00:45:29,685 --> 00:45:32,187
That's the goal. Always a goal.

662
00:45:41,113 --> 00:45:43,907
Dude, you will see
GBR from the air.

663
00:45:45,284 --> 00:45:47,911
That is actually a very interesting thing.

664
00:45:54,042 --> 00:45:57,546
And it's really amazing
think about how massive it is.

665
00:45:59,173 --> 00:46:00,507
And that's all alive.

666
00:46:44,718 --> 00:46:47,596
So, we sent two teams
to the southern Great Barrier Reef.

667
00:46:47,679 --> 00:46:50,390
We send Jeff and Zack to Keppel,

668
00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:53,268
and we sent Andrew and the
team to Heron.

669
00:47:23,674 --> 00:47:27,177
Camera enters and is recording.

670
00:47:28,428 --> 00:47:31,306
The most smooth
that all of this has been lost.

671
00:47:31,848 --> 00:47:33,809
Much smoother than Hawaii.

672
00:47:40,816 --> 00:47:41,900
Then we wait.

673
00:47:43,694 --> 00:47:46,029
Waiting for the warm water to come.

674
00:47:48,824 --> 00:47:52,202
Biologists have said
some corals are dying,

675
00:47:52,286 --> 00:47:55,789
White, whiten,
marks in the first stage of death.

676
00:47:55,872 --> 00:47:59,585
You are talking... a similar event
to the world's rainforests

677
00:47:59,668 --> 00:48:02,921
turns white
in a very short time.

678
00:48:03,005 --> 00:48:05,757
Everyone will jump
and pay attention,

679
00:48:05,841 --> 00:48:07,551
wondering what is happening?

680
00:48:08,302 --> 00:48:11,763
You might think, "Well, this is just a cycle of
that we live."

681
00:48:12,306 --> 00:48:15,851
Good morning. Coral bleaching in Hawaii
has received a lot of attention.

682
00:48:15,934 --> 00:48:19,521
- So that's...
- This isn't a natural cycle.

683
00:48:19,605 --> 00:48:24,276
These are
phenomena that are directly linked to climate change,

684
00:48:24,359 --> 00:48:27,863
and that is something that we just saw in the last few years.

685
00:48:32,367 --> 00:48:35,287
One way to look back
into the future with coral reefs

686
00:48:35,370 --> 00:48:38,582
is to take coral cores,
or slices through coral.

687
00:48:38,665 --> 00:48:40,459
You can see the growth ring on the reef

688
00:48:40,542 --> 00:48:43,003
in the same way as you see
on the growth ring on a tree.

689
00:48:46,256 --> 00:48:48,884
You can see a normal growth pattern.

690
00:48:48,967 --> 00:48:51,178
This coral grows around

691
00:48:51,261 --> 00:48:53,180
one centimeter and half a centimeter per year,

692
00:48:53,263 --> 00:48:55,849
every year, until 1998,

693
00:48:55,932 --> 00:48:59,978
where you start to see
signatures from coral bleaching events.

694
00:49:00,812 --> 00:49:03,774
By tracking back in time,
by looking at the history of coral reefs,

695
00:49:03,857 --> 00:49:06,193
we are really sure
that what we see now

696
00:49:06,276 --> 00:49:08,070
not natural fluctuations.

697
00:49:09,071 --> 00:49:12,032
The cause is, explicitly,
global climate change,

698
00:49:12,115 --> 00:49:14,951
driven by emitting carbon
into the atmosphere.

699
00:49:16,828 --> 00:49:19,998
I think many people
don't realize that climate change is happening

700
00:49:20,082 --> 00:49:23,794
because most of the excess heat is trapped
by greenhouse gases

701
00:49:23,877 --> 00:49:25,712
has been moved to the ocean.

702
00:49:27,964 --> 00:49:32,219
If you burn fossil fuels...
it is burning oil, gas or coal...

703
00:49:32,552 --> 00:49:34,846
Carbon dioxide rises
into the atmosphere.

704
00:49:35,681 --> 00:49:39,184
Carbon dioxide has
properties that it can trap heat.

705
00:49:40,143 --> 00:49:42,521
So, the more you have in the atmosphere,

706
00:49:42,604 --> 00:49:45,899
the greater the amount of heat trapped
by the Earth.

707
00:49:46,358 --> 00:49:49,111
This is a bit like putting an additional wool
into your sweater.

708
00:49:50,112 --> 00:49:53,240
What people don't know is that 93%

709
00:49:53,323 --> 00:49:56,076
from trapped heat
will enter the sea.

710
00:49:56,702 --> 00:49:57,911
That's a lot of energy.

711
00:49:59,329 --> 00:50:02,290
If the ocean doesn't do this job
absorb heat,

712
00:50:02,374 --> 00:50:07,504
the average surface temperature
of this planet will be Fahrenheit.

713
00:50:10,966 --> 00:50:14,094
There is a level of change that occurs
in the tropical ocean,

714
00:50:14,177 --> 00:50:16,012
which if projected forward...

715
00:50:16,096 --> 00:50:19,641
that means coral reefs
are possible victims

716
00:50:19,725 --> 00:50:21,852
of any global climate change.

717
00:50:22,519 --> 00:50:24,604
I published it
in the review literature.

718
00:50:25,230 --> 00:50:28,316
At that time,
people are not ready for that,

719
00:50:28,400 --> 00:50:31,862
and I have many colleagues
who are facing me,

720
00:50:31,945 --> 00:50:33,613
challenge me, attack me.

721
00:50:34,364 --> 00:50:37,576
He was ridiculed for this,
because of being an addict.

722
00:50:38,118 --> 00:50:42,998
But over time he has been proven right,
right and true again.

723
00:50:44,583 --> 00:50:46,585
I like coral reefs.
That is why I did this.

724
00:50:46,668 --> 00:50:49,004
That is why I came here when I was 18
to this island

725
00:50:49,087 --> 00:50:50,464
and start studying coral reefs.

726
00:50:50,547 --> 00:50:52,883
Not because I think
coral reefs will disappear

727
00:50:52,966 --> 00:50:56,470
or I try to fight the problem
called global climate change.

728
00:50:57,262 --> 00:50:59,890
It's a pity
that I can't see this

729
00:50:59,973 --> 00:51:03,143
and still see its beauty.
I see the problem.

730
00:51:05,854 --> 00:51:09,316
This beautiful thing, this
has been around for a long time...

731
00:51:09,691 --> 00:51:12,277
threatened,
in our lives and on our watch.

732
00:51:13,236 --> 00:51:16,072
And however hard we try...

733
00:51:17,616 --> 00:51:20,118
to make people listen, um...

734
00:51:20,577 --> 00:51:23,538
It seems lost in the wind, you know?

735
00:51:46,520 --> 00:51:49,940
Storm and the weather is really
the current controlling factor.

736
00:51:50,023 --> 00:51:53,652
Winds and storms keep rolling,

737
00:51:53,735 --> 00:51:54,945
and we get cloud coverage,

738
00:51:55,028 --> 00:51:57,656
we might not see the whole
happening here at Keppel.

739
00:51:59,074 --> 00:52:05,872
tropical cyclone Winston,

740
00:52:05,956 --> 00:52:10,127
The strongest tropical cyclone ever
recorded in the Southern Hemisphere.

741
00:52:10,210 --> 00:52:12,754
- A big threat to the future...
- For the first time...

742
00:52:13,046 --> 00:52:14,714
we feel we are in the right place
at the right time.

743
00:52:15,340 --> 00:52:19,177
And when Hurricane Winston happened, all of that changed.

744
00:52:19,511 --> 00:52:22,389
This causes a lot of cold water
and lots of rain

745
00:52:22,472 --> 00:52:24,474
to come
to the Southern Great Barrier Reef.

746
00:52:25,475 --> 00:52:28,603
Part of me is happy that the corals won't turn white here.

747
00:52:28,979 --> 00:52:30,313
Actually makes me happy

748
00:52:30,397 --> 00:52:33,149
then think that they will make it
through this event.

749
00:52:33,817 --> 00:52:36,820
But at the same time,
we have tried so hard to catch this.

750
00:52:38,280 --> 00:52:40,615
We basically have
difficult decisions to make

751
00:52:40,699 --> 00:52:45,704
stick to our original plan,
with less than ideal opportunities,

752
00:52:45,787 --> 00:52:49,374
or we go to check some of the other parts of the Great Barrier Reef  which becomes very warm.

753
00:52:49,457 --> 00:52:50,917
All this goes north
from New Caledonia

754
00:52:52,127 --> 00:52:54,254
and below and even this split area
is at Level 2.

755
00:52:54,337 --> 00:52:57,716
It's just... there's no shortage of disasters
for coral.

756
00:52:58,133 --> 00:53:02,095


757
00:53:03,471 --> 00:53:06,057
We know now that New Caledonia is white.

758
00:53:06,683 --> 00:53:08,268
Lizard Island is white.

759
00:53:09,644 --> 00:53:12,022
I think this is a simple decision
in several ways.

760
00:53:12,105 --> 00:53:16,151
We only have to take and move,
and reset it at the new location.

761
00:53:17,068 --> 00:53:18,862
The problem is a time-lapse camera.

762
00:53:19,487 --> 00:53:24,075
It takes weeks to move the system, and we will skip bleaching.

763
00:53:26,620 --> 00:53:28,705
We will look for
something else.

764
00:53:31,041 --> 00:53:34,169
I went to turn off my computer,
and there was a message from Jeff,

765
00:53:34,252 --> 00:53:36,338
says, "How fast can you pack?"

766
00:53:38,465 --> 00:53:41,760
We will leave
this camera system...

767
00:53:42,719 --> 00:53:48,224
and do the interval training
under water every day.

768
00:53:48,308 --> 00:53:51,311
I think we, as a team,
realize that there is no turning back.

769
00:53:53,980 --> 00:53:55,523
We headed to Lizard Island,

770
00:53:55,607 --> 00:53:58,443
and other parts of our team
go to New Caledonia.

771
00:54:17,000 --> 00:54:43,500
TZ17

772
00:54:46,366 --> 00:54:47,826
This is the most amazing reef.

773
00:54:48,076 --> 00:54:49,953
And the block is unloaded.

774
00:54:52,872 --> 00:54:53,957
It's very hot.

775
00:54:55,125 --> 00:54:57,127
Looks, it really feels like a bathtub.

776
00:55:08,096 --> 00:55:10,098
Anyone ordering a large Cola?

777
00:55:12,267 --> 00:55:14,728
Here we talk
about coral reef bleaching

778
00:55:14,811 --> 00:55:16,187
and global climate change...

779
00:55:17,022 --> 00:55:18,481
and this is our other problem.

780
00:55:19,774 --> 00:55:21,860
When we go to Lizard Island,

781
00:55:21,943 --> 00:55:24,195
we don't have
cameras at any time.

782
00:55:24,821 --> 00:55:27,365
The idea is to take one tripod
and one camera,

783
00:55:27,449 --> 00:55:29,868
and get as many pictures as
we can in many positions

784
00:55:29,951 --> 00:55:34,622
of as many pieces of coral as we can, and repeat it every day.

785
00:55:34,706 --> 00:55:38,418
Boarding at 9.15,
go to your first site.

786
00:55:40,378 --> 00:55:43,214
You will find your sign
for a tripod,

787
00:55:43,298 --> 00:55:45,175
put each foot at the correct height,

788
00:55:45,258 --> 00:55:49,554
and then you have a reference point
that can then attach a laser beam,

789
00:55:49,637 --> 00:55:52,766
and then I have
lamination from the first day's recording.

790
00:55:52,849 --> 00:55:55,060
And then you will take
two minutes of recording,

791
00:55:55,143 --> 00:55:56,936
then you will choose everything again,

792
00:55:57,020 --> 00:55:59,230
move to the next site,
and do the same thing again.

793
00:55:59,314 --> 00:56:00,732
And again and again.

794
00:56:00,815 --> 00:56:03,234
And you do it basically
25 times a day.

795
00:56:04,611 --> 00:56:07,447
Between Jeff and I, we have 60 sites.

796
00:56:10,241 --> 00:56:13,912
The reason we build a time-lapse system
doesn't seem to make sense

797
00:56:13,995 --> 00:56:16,748
so that people camp on the beach
in several locations

798
00:56:16,831 --> 00:56:19,834
and must go down
and do what the machine is designed to do.

799
00:56:20,627 --> 00:56:22,170
Logistics, it's a nightmare.

800
00:56:22,670 --> 00:56:26,216
Get it in the right position,
and you're fighting the current,

801
00:56:26,299 --> 00:56:28,218
so you bounce more and more around,

802
00:56:28,301 --> 00:56:33,098
your knees bleed everywhere,
your body is cut off, you are tired.

803
00:56:36,601 --> 00:56:39,437
To the point where you
spend four hours a day under water.

804
00:56:40,063 --> 00:56:41,689
Strange things start happening.

805
00:56:43,983 --> 00:56:45,610
I don't know if it's funny.

806
00:56:47,112 --> 00:56:48,238
This, uh...

807
00:56:48,822 --> 00:56:50,490
You do what you have to do.

808
00:57:35,368 --> 00:57:38,872
We get reports
that coral in New Caledonia

809
00:57:38,955 --> 00:57:41,207
is doing something really strange.

810
00:57:44,085 --> 00:57:47,213
Richard was there, he said,
"This is the craziest thing I've ever seen.

811
00:57:47,297 --> 00:57:48,590
I don't know what it is."

812
00:57:48,673 --> 00:57:50,592
Locals don't know what that is.

813
00:57:52,844 --> 00:57:54,846
We don't know what is happening.

814
00:57:56,139 --> 00:57:57,390
I asked Richard to explain it.

815
00:57:57,474 --> 00:57:59,976
He is like, "Don't know what you're saying.
It's glowing."

816
00:58:20,288 --> 00:58:22,332
This is different.

817
00:58:24,751 --> 00:58:26,836
The coral... glows.

818
00:58:29,547 --> 00:58:34,302
They produce chemical
sunscreen to protect themselves from heat.

819
00:58:38,389 --> 00:58:39,933
You can't even explain it.

820
00:58:43,311 --> 00:58:45,688
They are the clearest colors I have ever seen.

821
00:59:02,580 --> 00:59:06,584
This is the most beautiful transformation
in nature.

822
00:59:08,211 --> 00:59:11,047
A very beautiful death stage.

823
00:59:15,093 --> 00:59:16,886
And it feels as if...

824
00:59:17,762 --> 00:59:20,306
Coral says:

825
00:59:20,390 --> 00:59:21,224
"Look at me.

826
00:59:24,185 --> 00:59:25,228
Please, pay attention."

827
01:00:14,527 --> 01:00:16,988
We dive every day
from floating restaurants.

828
01:00:19,157 --> 01:00:24,078
It's kind of funny, the first day.

829
01:00:27,123 --> 01:00:30,251
Like, the whole thought
becomes much more sad.

830
01:00:33,546 --> 01:00:34,380
A little surprise.

831
01:00:45,433 --> 01:00:50,438
This is one of the rarest events
in nature that is happening...

832
01:00:51,064 --> 01:00:53,358
and everyone just doesn't realize that.

833
01:00:59,739 --> 01:01:02,992
And you can't blame them for that.
I mean, this... just...

834
01:01:04,369 --> 01:01:07,372
almost typical of all humanity.

835
01:01:09,916 --> 01:01:11,084
This is happening...

836
01:01:12,085 --> 01:01:13,711
and no one is paying attention.

837
01:01:21,260 --> 01:01:23,096
We designed something that was originally

838
01:01:23,179 --> 01:01:26,057
to work on this project without emotion.

839
01:01:26,724 --> 01:01:30,103
And when we start doing this manually
on Lizard Island...

840
01:01:30,895 --> 01:01:32,480
You have an emotional bond with him.

841
01:01:32,563 --> 01:01:33,523
You are down there.

842
01:01:33,606 --> 01:01:35,733
And sit there for a month,

843
01:01:35,817 --> 01:01:40,071
and every day,
watch something new around you die

844
01:01:40,154 --> 01:01:41,322
that you saw yesterday...

845
01:01:42,907 --> 01:01:43,825
it's just hard.

846
01:02:09,976 --> 01:02:11,894
You forgot what
was originally.

847
01:02:13,146 --> 01:02:16,065
And a few days, when you come back,

848
01:02:16,149 --> 01:02:18,359
and you sit there,
see it now,

849
01:02:18,443 --> 01:02:19,610
and that doesn't look real.

850
01:02:21,571 --> 01:02:24,198
And you... This isn't even...
You can't even accept it.

851
01:02:28,494 --> 01:02:32,165
And then you open your eyes,
and they are dead as far as you see.

852
01:02:56,814 --> 01:02:59,942
These are algae and dead coral skeletons.

853
01:03:34,894 --> 01:03:38,648
That is meat.
This is a living network... which decomposes.

854
01:03:45,112 --> 01:03:46,823
This is disgusting, really.

855
01:04:29,657 --> 01:04:40,501
I think we will find bleaching.

856
01:04:42,128 --> 01:04:43,838
I think we will catch it.

857
01:04:44,505 --> 01:04:48,050
But I don't think
I've ever prepared myself,

858
01:04:48,134 --> 01:04:50,136
or think we will see this.

859
01:05:00,229 --> 01:05:03,774
Look, I'm not even angry because I left,
because it's so sad here.

860
01:05:06,152 --> 01:05:40,645
When the coral turns white and dies...

861
01:05:41,312 --> 01:05:42,772
You lose coral animals.

862
01:05:43,022 --> 01:05:45,358
And that's embarrassing,
because it's a beautiful thing.

863
01:05:45,441 --> 01:05:50,529
But coral is... a fundamental part of a very large ecosystem.

864
01:05:51,238 --> 01:05:54,033
That, on the one hand, is like a tree in the forest.

865
01:05:54,825 --> 01:05:57,828
If coral reefs disappear,
we affect life

866
01:05:57,912 --> 01:05:59,163
a quarter of the ocean.

867
01:06:00,957 --> 01:06:03,250
If a small fish disappears,
the big fish is lost,

868
01:06:03,334 --> 01:06:05,836
and then you can see human
as one of the big fish.

869
01:06:10,299 --> 01:06:14,303
It's easy to think about the fate of the individual species.

870
01:06:15,763 --> 01:06:18,641
But what is a little more difficult to explain...

871
01:06:19,058 --> 01:06:23,354
it is the beginning of
from ecological collapse

872
01:06:23,437 --> 01:06:25,272
of the whole ecosystem.

873
01:06:26,232 --> 01:06:29,485
This is more than just a species,
type, family, order.

874
01:06:30,152 --> 01:06:35,491
We talk about possibilities
that the whole class of organisms

875
01:06:35,574 --> 01:06:37,284
will be extinct.

876
01:06:40,371 --> 01:06:42,915
When scientists say
they examine climate change

877
01:06:42,999 --> 01:06:44,458
and coral reefs,

878
01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:47,420
this is not about whether
Climate change is happening or not.

879
01:06:47,503 --> 01:06:48,754
This is really uncertainty

880
01:06:48,838 --> 01:06:53,009
between knowing whether
will be bad or really bad.

881
01:06:54,301 --> 01:06:57,471
When we look at sea temperature,
_ there are various projections

882
01:06:57,555 --> 01:07:00,016
about how they will change
into the future.

883
01:07:00,099 --> 01:07:03,894
If you take an average,
in about 25 years,

884
01:07:03,978 --> 01:07:05,354
on the entire planet,

885
01:07:05,438 --> 01:07:10,067
the ocean becomes too warm
for coral reefs to survive.

886
01:07:10,609 --> 01:07:12,278
That means they will whiten every year  and they will not be healthy enough
to recover.

887
01:07:12,361 --> 01:07:14,363


888
01:07:15,406 --> 01:07:19,493
Coral reefs will not be able to survive,
they will not be able to adapt,

889
01:07:19,577 --> 01:07:24,248
and we will see eradication of the entire ecosystem

890
01:07:24,331 --> 01:07:26,250
in our lifetime.

891
01:07:27,376 --> 01:07:30,379
That is a very grim statement.

892
01:07:31,130 --> 01:07:33,132
But, unfortunately, that's true.

893
01:07:35,801 --> 01:07:38,804
Everything on our planet is connected.

894
01:07:39,889 --> 01:07:43,642
What we do is pull out
cards called "coral reefs"

895
01:07:43,726 --> 01:07:45,311
from this card house.

896
01:07:46,103 --> 01:07:49,106
And the real fear is
that we just need to take out the card

897
01:07:49,190 --> 01:07:51,358
where everything
will just collapse.

898
01:07:53,235 --> 01:07:55,196
If we can't save this ecosystem...

899
01:07:56,572 --> 01:08:00,409
Will we have the courage
to save the next ecosystem?

900
01:08:02,453 --> 01:08:03,704
Do we need forests?

901
01:08:05,706 --> 01:08:06,916
Do we need trees?

902
01:08:08,584 --> 01:08:09,794
Do we need coral reefs?

903
01:08:12,171 --> 01:08:15,508
Or can we stay
in the ashes of all that?

904
01:08:35,027 --> 01:08:36,654
So, tell me where we are going.

905
01:08:36,737 --> 01:08:39,740
We actually went to Charlie Veron's house.

906
01:08:40,825 --> 01:08:43,786
Used to actually sit behind a desk
for hours a day

907
01:08:43,869 --> 01:08:48,040
use the Charlie Veron &
coral list for ID matters.

908
01:08:48,124 --> 01:08:49,458
Like... he is the boss.

909
01:08:49,542 --> 01:08:52,920
He is the information I use every day

910
01:08:53,003 --> 01:08:55,673
to learn everything I know
about coral.

911
01:08:56,006 --> 01:09:00,052
And now, I will go sit
in his living room and interview him.

912
01:09:00,886 --> 01:09:03,055
So, that is a pretty big step.

913
01:09:06,392 --> 01:09:07,309
- Hello.
- Hello.

914
01:09:07,393 --> 01:09:08,894
- Charlie.
- How are you? I'm Zack.

915
01:09:08,978 --> 01:09:10,062
Nice to meet you.

916
01:09:26,120 --> 01:09:28,789
When I'm studying
studying evolutionary biology,

917
01:09:28,873 --> 01:09:30,541
I really got a job in the aquarium.

918
01:09:30,624 --> 01:09:33,085
So, for five years, I planted coral,

919
01:09:33,169 --> 01:09:37,006
use all your work to
teach myself as much taxonomy of coral

920
01:09:37,089 --> 01:09:38,549
- I might be able to.
- Oh okay.

921
01:09:38,632 --> 01:09:41,010
So, I'm very nervous about that
Come here, so...

922
01:09:41,093 --> 01:09:43,262
I'm not the type of person who feels nervous.

923
01:09:43,345 --> 01:09:44,471
No, not at all, but...

924
01:09:44,555 --> 01:09:46,515
- Yes
- I think I just want to hear

925
01:09:46,599 --> 01:09:49,894
your perspective about the changes that you have seen from time to time.

926
01:09:50,811 --> 01:09:54,607
Then that...
is a completely different mindset,

927
01:09:54,690 --> 01:09:58,360
because the coral is forever,
there is no question about that.

928
01:09:58,444 --> 01:09:59,528
- Yes
- I even wondered

929
01:09:59,612 --> 01:10:02,031
why do you want to make it a marine park.

930
01:10:02,114 --> 01:10:04,950
It's very large, no one will touch
Great Barrier Reef.

931
01:10:05,034 --> 01:10:06,577
But that changes very quickly.

932
01:10:06,660 --> 01:10:10,414
And this bleaching
and lowering the Great Barrier

933
01:10:10,497 --> 01:10:12,249
I have seen in my life...

934
01:10:13,542 --> 01:10:14,543
that really bothers me.

935
01:10:14,627 --> 01:10:18,589
Arriving at the Lizard, basically we have glowing coronas or bleached corals  experiencing a transition to death,
covered with algae.

936
01:10:18,672 --> 01:10:21,634
You cover everything.
Yes, the way to go.

937
01:10:21,717 --> 01:10:24,053
Yes, terrible chaos,
terrible, terrible.

938
01:10:24,136 --> 01:10:26,639
Yes. That's actually quite difficult
while we are up there.

939
01:10:26,931 --> 01:10:29,975
I was frustrated several times where
I just didn't want to be there again.

940
01:10:30,059 --> 01:10:34,021
I don't want to watch it again.

941
01:10:34,104 --> 01:10:35,648
I'm over. And...

942
01:10:35,731 --> 01:10:36,941


943
01:10:37,983 --> 01:10:40,152
I'm glad I'm not your age.

944
01:10:41,362 --> 01:10:43,405
You know, I'm ready to get out

945
01:10:43,489 --> 01:10:46,784
when the Great Barrier Reef is fired,
because it has the most...

946
01:10:47,409 --> 01:10:49,703
love things
in the physical world of my life.

947
01:10:50,079 --> 01:10:52,873
You know, I've been diving on it
for 45 years.

948
01:10:52,957 --> 01:10:56,543
And I'm damned if I will stop
until I'm really senile.

949
01:10:56,627 --> 01:10:58,963
I will keep going,

950
01:10:59,046 --> 01:11:01,382
and as long as I can influence people,
I do.

951
01:11:01,465 --> 01:11:02,967
- Because we have to.
- So true.

952
01:11:03,050 --> 01:11:05,552
We have no choice.
You have no choice, I'm afraid.

953
01:11:05,636 --> 01:11:07,721
- You have to keep doing it. You have to
- Yes, Yes.

954
01:11:08,305 --> 01:11:11,475
If not, you won't like yourself
when you are a parent.

955
01:11:11,558 --> 01:11:14,228
You will think...
You will like yourself far more...

956
01:11:14,812 --> 01:11:17,898
if you can say,
"Okay, I'm sure trying to change it.

957
01:11:17,982 --> 01:11:21,026
And maybe I did affect people
here and there and..."

958
01:11:22,653 --> 01:11:24,697
Don't let anything stop you.

959
01:11:27,783 --> 01:11:33,956
I have to get my glasses.

960
01:11:39,795 --> 01:11:44,174
Losing Barrier Reef
actually means something.

961
01:11:45,342 --> 01:11:49,596
You can't let it die,
and this becomes an old textbook.

962
01:11:51,098 --> 01:11:57,104
This must... cause a decent change.

963
01:11:57,521 --> 01:12:01,567
We lose the Great Barrier Reef
which must wake the world.

964
01:12:03,861 --> 01:12:06,280
We have a very interesting situation.

965
01:12:06,363 --> 01:12:08,949
Over the next 30 years, we will deal with it  Change the sea temperature
and its condition.

966
01:12:09,033 --> 01:12:11,618
And that's just a matter of fact,
because we have five points...

967
01:12:11,702 --> 01:12:16,165
I usually get to these things...

968
01:12:19,543 --> 01:12:21,879
and you start to shake a bit.

969
01:12:22,838 --> 01:12:25,049
I'm definitely a little
nervous.

970
01:12:25,132 --> 01:12:28,177
How many talks
are too much talked about?

971
01:12:29,136 --> 01:12:31,305
Does it get bad things in person?

972
01:12:31,388 --> 01:12:33,932
Like, "This is one of the more difficult sites that I can visit again."

973
01:12:34,516 --> 01:12:38,687
It's really good to show
that it really affects you.

974
01:12:39,021 --> 01:12:43,025


975
01:12:43,108 --> 01:12:44,651
- Right.
- That's very important  Um, and good. Um...

976
01:12:45,444 --> 01:12:47,404
- As long as you don't cry.
- Yes.

977
01:12:47,488 --> 01:12:49,406
Yes.

978
01:12:49,490 --> 01:12:50,324
So, for the past two years,

979
01:13:02,878 --> 01:13:04,880
we have collected
a large number of bleaching images

980
01:13:04,963 --> 01:13:08,384
from all over the world.

981
01:13:08,467 --> 01:13:09,676
Now Zack will show
some of that image.

982
01:13:10,010 --> 01:13:12,179
So, if you want to bring it up, Zack.

983
01:13:12,721 --> 01:13:14,306
We spent the last four months
in Australia

984
01:13:18,102 --> 01:13:21,146
and we document the
ongoing bleaching event.

985
01:13:21,230 --> 01:13:23,565
So, I want to show you what our team can document.

986
01:13:24,108 --> 01:13:27,528
TZ17

987
01:13:33,000 --> 01:14:35,500
In just two months,

988
01:14:38,265 --> 01:14:39,641


989
01:14:39,725 --> 01:14:43,103
We have lost most of the life of fish in these coral colonies.

990
01:15:17,513 --> 01:15:19,139
Soft coral is destroyed.

991
01:15:20,557 --> 01:15:22,518
Part per section of soft coral

992
01:15:22,601 --> 01:15:25,062
which then only changes
into a bare rock face.

993
01:15:28,106 --> 01:15:29,775
I don't even think it's possible.

994
01:17:12,794 --> 01:17:16,256
This is a large-scale death event.

995
01:17:18,175 --> 01:17:22,179
29% of corals in the Great Barrier Reef itself have died.

996
01:17:24,556 --> 01:17:29,436
To lose 29% of coral animals
in one year,

997
01:17:29,519 --> 01:17:33,565
it's just a chaotic thought,
this bleaching event scale.

998
01:17:38,236 --> 01:17:41,490
I think the most surprising part of
is how broad it is.

999
01:17:42,032 --> 01:17:44,576
Because it affects almost all coral reefs

1000
01:17:44,660 --> 01:17:47,746
from Lizard Island
north through the Torres Strait.

1001
01:17:48,372 --> 01:17:49,289
And that's bad.

1002
01:17:51,249 --> 01:17:53,752
This is the same as losing
most trees

1003
01:17:53,835 --> 01:17:56,046
between Washington, DC, and Maine.

1004
01:17:58,173 --> 01:18:00,342
Well, this is not only on the Great Barrier Reef.

1005
01:18:00,842 --> 01:18:03,845
This is a big global event.

1006
01:18:04,596 --> 01:18:09,017
There are a large number of places
that are currently undergoing bleaching.

1007
01:18:09,101 --> 01:18:10,394
And that is why we need help.

1008
01:18:10,477 --> 01:18:13,063
We are looking for people who have access to local coral reefs  to help take pictures
what happened in your own backyard.

1009
01:18:13,146 --> 01:18:16,358
If you are a diver, please,
join our efforts and connect...

1010
01:18:16,608 --> 01:18:19,736


1011
01:18:19,820 --> 01:18:22,489
Everyone comes with
who sees our outgoing call.

1012
01:18:23,281 --> 01:18:26,076
At this point,
we are on the verge of bleaching

1013
01:18:26,159 --> 01:18:28,912
and under warnings for bleaching.

1014
01:18:28,995 --> 01:18:32,165
Behind me, you can see
we have a Akumal reef.

1015
01:18:32,249 --> 01:18:36,920
Basically, we have seen...
one almost completely white.

1016
01:18:37,003 --> 01:18:43,468
Water temperature has increased,
and the coral has turned white.

1017
01:18:43,552 --> 01:18:46,054
You talk about the Caribbean,
two years in a row,

1018
01:18:46,138 --> 01:18:47,639
about Hawaii, two years in a row.

1019
01:18:47,723 --> 01:18:50,350
This past summer was terrible.

1020
01:18:50,434 --> 01:18:54,604
25 to 50% of corals
have long since died.

1021
01:18:54,688 --> 01:18:58,275
We know the waters here
start warming up in May 2015,

1022
01:18:58,358 --> 01:19:00,986
to around three degrees Celsius
above normal.

1023
01:19:01,069 --> 01:19:05,657
Most Acropora,
the most common coral branches, are dying.

1024
01:19:05,741 --> 01:19:09,202
The climate is still changing.
Sea temperature increases.

1025
01:19:09,286 --> 01:19:13,832
El Niño this year
has whitened what is left behind.

1026
01:19:14,916 --> 01:19:16,710
Coral reefs here
have experienced major stresses,

1027
01:19:16,793 --> 01:19:20,464
- like other places around the world.
- We are here in the Republic of Palau.

1028
01:19:20,547 --> 01:19:22,674
I'm in Cebu City, and...

1029
01:19:22,758 --> 01:19:25,260
Coral has turned white
over the past month.

1030
01:19:25,343 --> 01:19:30,140
The coral is 75% bleaching,
and about half of it is dead.

1031
01:19:30,223 --> 01:19:34,019
We now have a
mass coral bleaching event that takes place here on Christmas Island.

1032
01:19:34,102 --> 01:19:35,520
... centigrade.

1033
01:19:35,604 --> 01:19:38,064
Many coral reefs around Sri Lanka
very hard white.

1034
01:19:38,148 --> 01:19:40,650
Bleaching is happening now.

1035
01:19:40,734 --> 01:19:42,903
Coral shows
very large bleaching marks,

1036
01:19:42,986 --> 01:19:45,113
and for that reason,
we have a very large death rate.

1037
01:19:45,197 --> 01:19:46,531
We have found a branch...

1038
01:19:46,615 --> 01:19:50,076
Arcoporas Branch, Pocilloporas
has begun to show signs of bleaching.

1039
01:19:50,160 --> 01:19:53,246
I have helped capture images
coral bleaching on the Red Sea.

1040
01:19:53,330 --> 01:19:55,499
Bleaching has happened here, recently.

1041
01:19:55,582 --> 01:19:57,709
Uh, there is a bleaching event...

1042
01:19:57,793 --> 01:20:19,898
I cross with myself...

1043
01:20:20,398 --> 01:20:22,192
because I don't think I'm enough.

1044
01:20:22,275 --> 01:20:26,196
I don't make enough votes
when I realize what's going on.

1045
01:20:26,279 --> 01:20:27,739
I don't do it enough.

1046
01:20:27,823 --> 01:20:28,865
Better than me.

1047
01:20:29,241 --> 01:20:31,952
Zack has the
option to be part of the fight.

1048
01:20:34,204 --> 01:20:36,665
Maybe Zack will say, "Charlie...

1049
01:20:37,207 --> 01:20:39,292
he's just a grim parent,

1050
01:20:39,376 --> 01:20:41,837
and, uh... we can fix all this."

1051
01:20:42,212 --> 01:20:43,338
- Everything is good?
- Yes.

1052
01:22:00,290 --> 01:22:02,042
How are you doing today?

1053
01:22:02,125 --> 01:22:03,919
- Good.
- Are you happy?

1054
01:22:04,169 --> 01:22:05,045
Yes.

1055
01:22:05,128 --> 01:22:06,588
Let's go diving.

1056
01:22:07,130 --> 01:22:08,256
Dive!

1057
01:22:09,549 --> 01:22:12,302
I saw a fish.

1058
01:22:12,844 --> 01:22:16,598
- Look, look.
- I saw a turtle.

1059
01:22:16,681 --> 01:22:18,433
- I saw a turtle.
- I saw a turtle.

1060
01:22:20,352 --> 01:22:22,729
In my mind,
all children are born scientists.

1061
01:22:22,812 --> 01:22:24,356
They are born adventurers.

1062
01:22:24,439 --> 01:22:25,482
They want to explore.

1063
01:22:26,358 --> 01:22:29,694
If we can make children
hold on to that curiosity,

1064
01:22:29,778 --> 01:22:32,822
then our planet will be
a much better place.

1065
01:22:32,906 --> 01:22:35,492
I can see stingrays.

1066
01:22:36,451 --> 01:22:38,828
- What is that?
- Turtles, fish, coral,

1067
01:22:38,912 --> 01:22:41,706
crabs, starfish
Your name is all there, right?

1068
01:22:43,583 --> 01:22:45,418
We will take you on an expedition

1069
01:22:45,502 --> 01:22:47,587
to see
the third global bleaching event.

1070
01:22:47,837 --> 01:22:50,382
I thought it was on the way
that I was walking,

1071
01:22:50,465 --> 01:22:53,093
I have to be the most depressed person
on this planet.

1072
01:22:53,176 --> 01:22:54,511
I see the ecosystem

1073
01:22:54,594 --> 01:22:56,262
that I have fallen in love...

1074
01:22:56,680 --> 01:22:58,014
die before my eyes.

1075
01:22:58,974 --> 01:23:02,018
Because of that,
I'm actually not depressed.

1076
01:23:03,645 --> 01:23:05,939
And that is because there are big changes.

1077
01:23:07,065 --> 01:23:09,734
You see every part of the action of climate change,

1078
01:23:09,818 --> 01:23:12,696
and it's about improving people's lives.

1079
01:23:13,363 --> 01:23:17,993
Job creation, reducing pollution,
_ greening the city.

1080
01:23:18,326 --> 01:23:23,289
This is basically a large transformation
that has already begun.

1081
01:23:24,666 --> 01:23:26,501
It's not too late for coral reefs,

1082
01:23:26,584 --> 01:23:28,253
indeed, for many other ecosystems

1083
01:23:28,336 --> 01:23:30,505
who face
challenges from climate change.

1084
01:23:31,089 --> 01:23:34,926
It is still possible to reduce where
climate levels change.

1085
01:23:35,885 --> 01:23:37,387
And that is in our strength today.

1086
01:23:39,347 --> 01:23:40,515
This can all be achieved.

1087
01:23:41,182 --> 01:23:44,769
It's not like we don't have money,
It's not like we don't have resources.

1088
01:23:44,853 --> 01:23:47,147
It's not like we don't have a brain.

1089
01:23:48,815 --> 01:23:51,443
This is inevitable,
this great transformation,

1090
01:23:51,526 --> 01:23:54,070
and that's what makes me
be optimistic is...

1091
01:23:54,320 --> 01:23:56,406
all we have to do
is to give a little encouragement.

1092
01:24:00,000 --> 01:24:21,500
KARAWANG, AUGUST 15, 2017
TZ17

1093
01:24:22,432 --> 01:24:24,893
♪ I was born, I was born ♪

1094
01:24:24,976 --> 01:24:27,520
♪ I have crawled
Until I learn to walk ♪

1095
01:24:28,646 --> 01:24:30,940
♪ When I meet you, I'm still very young ♪

1096
01:24:31,024 --> 01:24:33,318
♪ I don't know that it can fall apart ♪

1097
01:24:33,401 --> 01:24:36,362
♪ Tell me what I have to do ♪

1098
01:24:36,446 --> 01:24:38,948
♪ Now I see what we have done ♪

1099
01:24:39,699 --> 01:24:42,619
♪ And I know it's true ♪

1100
01:24:42,702 --> 01:24:45,997
♪ You don't give me anything but love ♪

1101
01:24:47,457 --> 01:24:49,626
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1102
01:24:49,709 --> 01:24:52,337
♪ Until we see a piece that will break ♪

1103
01:24:53,505 --> 01:24:56,007
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1104
01:24:56,382 --> 01:24:58,426
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪

1105
01:24:58,510 --> 01:25:01,429
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1106
01:25:01,805 --> 01:25:04,390
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1107
01:25:05,725 --> 01:25:08,311
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1108
01:25:08,394 --> 01:25:14,567
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1109
01:25:18,321 --> 01:25:21,533
♪ I tried
I tried to tell you ♪

1110
01:25:21,616 --> 01:25:23,701
♪ What's in my soul ♪

1111
01:25:24,536 --> 01:25:27,288
♪ I'm dying, I'm dying ♪

1112
01:25:27,372 --> 01:25:29,582
♪ But the ocean changes slowly ♪

1113
01:25:29,958 --> 01:25:32,377
♪ And it's hard to see it ♪

1114
01:25:32,752 --> 01:25:35,296
♪ But I know it's true ♪

1115
01:25:35,880 --> 01:25:38,716
♪ That I have to be better ♪

1116
01:25:38,800 --> 01:25:42,303
♪ Much better for you ♪

1117
01:25:43,221 --> 01:25:45,932
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1118
01:25:46,015 --> 01:25:48,560
♪ Until we see a piece that will break ♪

1119
01:25:49,727 --> 01:25:52,105
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1120
01:25:52,188 --> 01:25:54,440
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪

1121
01:25:54,524 --> 01:25:57,735
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1122
01:25:58,153 --> 01:26:00,572
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1123
01:26:01,698 --> 01:26:04,617
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1124
01:26:04,701 --> 01:26:09,914
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1125
01:26:09,998 --> 01:26:12,625
♪ Oh, I know we will wake up ♪

1126
01:26:13,334 --> 01:26:16,171
♪ I scream in color ♪

1127
01:26:16,713 --> 01:26:19,549
♪ Tell me, can you hear me
Through the waves ♪

1128
01:26:19,632 --> 01:26:22,010
♪ If we keep waiting ♪

1129
01:26:22,969 --> 01:26:25,680
♪ Do we lose the things that we can save ♪

1130
01:26:25,763 --> 01:26:28,433
♪ If we hold each other ♪

1131
01:26:29,184 --> 01:26:32,478
♪ We don't need to release it ♪

1132
01:26:32,979 --> 01:26:37,942
♪ We don't need to let go of this ♪

1133
01:26:39,277 --> 01:26:41,988
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1134
01:26:42,071 --> 01:26:44,532
♪ Until we see the piece that will be solved ♪

1135
01:26:45,491 --> 01:26:48,244
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1136
01:26:48,328 --> 01:26:50,580
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪

1137
01:26:50,663 --> 01:26:53,917
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1138
01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:56,628
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1139
01:26:58,213 --> 01:27:01,174
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1140
01:27:01,257 --> 01:27:05,970
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1141
01:27:06,054 --> 01:27:08,681
♪ I know we will wake up ♪

1142
01:27:09,432 --> 01:27:15,021
♪ I know we will wake up ♪

1143
01:27:15,230 --> 01:27:20,902
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪

1144
01:27:21,486 --> 01:27:27,492
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪

1145
01:27:29,452 --> 01:27:31,996
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1146
01:27:35,500 --> 01:27:38,127
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1147
01:27:38,211 --> 01:27:40,380
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪

1148
01:27:40,463 --> 01:27:43,800
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1149
01:27:43,883 --> 01:27:46,469
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1150
01:27:48,096 --> 01:27:50,556
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1151
01:27:50,640 --> 01:27:55,853
♪ Until we wake up ♪

1152
01:27:55,937 --> 01:27:58,815
♪ I know we will wake up ♪

1153
01:27:59,190 --> 01:28:04,737
♪ I know we will wake up ♪

1154
01:28:05,113 --> 01:28:10,743
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪

1155
01:28:11,286 --> 01:28:17,166
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪

1156
01:28:18,126 --> 01:28:23,298
- ♪ Until we wake up ♪
- ♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1157
01:28:23,756 --> 01:28:28,344
- ♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪
- ♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪

1158
01:28:28,428 --> 01:28:33,224
- ♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪
- ♪ Until we wake up ♪

1159
01:28:35,000 --> 01:28:40,000
This film is dedicated to all young people
Who can and will make changes...

1160
01:28:42,000 --> 01:29:18,000
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www.subtitlecinema.com